日粮铁缺乏对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究

１日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡１００只,随机分为２组,每组设有重复,自由采食以玉米、淀粉、葡萄糖和大豆分离蛋白为主日粮,日粮中分别添加０（铁缺乏组）和１１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ铁（对照组）,饮用去离子水,分别于１和１４日龄皮下接种ＨＶＴ冻干苗、７和１４日龄滴鼻接种Ｌａｓｏｔａ系冻干苗。试验结果表明,日粮铁缺乏组与对照组相比,２１及４２日龄体重降低,０～４２日龄料耗增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４、２１及４２日龄胸腺和法氏囊不同程度萎缩（Ｐ＜０．０５）;４２日龄脾脏萎缩（Ｐ＜０．０５）;４２日龄血液分离淋巴细胞ＡＮＡＥ＋％显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;２１及４２日龄Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应性和１４、２１、２８、３５、４２、４９日龄血清ＮＤＶ、ＭＤＶ抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ效价显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。可见,铁营养状况显著影响机体免疫机能。     

日粮铜水平对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究

１ 日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡１２０ 只,随机分组,自由采食以葡萄糖－ 大豆分离蛋白为主要原料的半纯合日粮,日粮中分别添加 ０、１１ 和４４０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜,饮用去离子水,分别于 １ 日龄皮下接种 Ｈ Ｖ Ｔ 冻干苗、７ 和１４ 日龄滴鼻接种 Ｌａｓｏｔａ 系冻干苗。试验结果表明,日粮中０ 或４４０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组与１１ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组相比：１９、４３ 日龄体重小（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组０～４３ 日龄单位增重料耗显著高于１１ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）;胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏不同程度地萎缩（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,显微分析０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、盲肠扁桃体和哈德氏腺发现,淋巴细胞减少且分布疏松,胸腺淋巴细胞膜和核膜不清晰; Ｔ、 Ｂ淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应性降低（ Ｐ＜ ００５）;血清中 Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ、 Ｍ Ｄ Ｖ 抗体 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 效价降低（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,说明铜对维持机体免疫功能状态必不可少。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒感染对雏鸡免疫系统的影响

１日龄雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒后，胸腺和脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应分别于１４ｄ和７－２１ｄ明显减弱（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）；法氏囊和脾脏Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖反应分别于７－２１ｄ和２１ｄ显著减弱（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）；由此说明雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后，胸腺，法氏囊和脾脏的细胞免疫功能和／或体液免疫功能均明显降低，此外，雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后１４－４２ｄ，体重明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），胸腺和法     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对雏鸡淋巴细胞化学发光的影响

将１０５羽１日龄健康ＡＡ肉雏鸡随机分为黄芪多糖组、香菇多糖组和健康对照组,每组３５羽,分别作不同处理,并分别于７、１４、２８、４２和５６日龄测定各组雏鸡淋巴细胞ＣＬ值。结果黄芪多糖组雏鸡法氏囊淋巴细胞ＣＬ值在１４、２８、４２、５６日龄均显著高于对照组雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;香菇多糖组雏鸡脾脏和胸腺淋巴细胞ＣＬ值在１４、２８和４２日龄均显著高于对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对雏鸡不同类型的淋巴细胞分别具有活化作用。     

雏鸡马立克氏病强毒感染后淋巴细胞化学发光的变化

本研究采用化学发光（ＣＬ）法测定雏鸡马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染后免疫器官淋巴细胞活性氧自由基（ＡＯＲ）产生水平。结果为：脾脏淋巴细胞ＣＬ值于７、１４和５６日龄显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；胸腺淋巴细胞ＣＬ值４２和５６日龄显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；法氏囊淋巴细胞ＣＬ值１４、２８和４２日龄显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

饲用左旋咪唑对肉仔鸡免疫功能调节作用的研究

试验用刚出壳的ＡＡ 商品代肉用公雏 ３７８ 只,随机分成 ３ 组,每组 １２６ 只分成 ９ 个重复。以玉米 豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,喂给三种日粮即无药组（１ 组或对照组）、添加左咪唑（ｌｅｖａｍ ｉｓｏｌｅ,ＬＥＶ）１０（２ 组）和３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 饲料（３ 组）。检测肉仔鸡每周体重、耗料量,４ 和 ６ 周龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊重量及其免疫器官指数,以及外周血中 Ｔ 或Ｂ淋巴细胞对不同丝裂原的反应性。结果表明：（１）在肉仔鸡日粮中添加 ３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的 ＬＥＶ 可使胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量及其指数明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;添加１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的ＬＥＶ 对免疫器官重量也有一定的促进作用,但差异并不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。试验证明ＬＥＶ 对免疫器官的生长发育有明显的促进作用。（２）４２ 日龄时３ 组肉仔鸡外周血Ｔ 淋巴细胞对丝裂原 Ｃｏｎ Ａ刺激的反应性以及 Ｂ 淋巴细胞对丝裂原 ＬＰＳ刺激的反应性明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,说明添加３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇＬＥＶ 会增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能。（３）随着日粮中 ＬＥＶ 添加量的增加,肉仔鸡的增重速率和饲料转化率都有相应改善,添加 ３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇＬＥＶ 对二者的改善程度分别为 ７．３３％ 和 ５．１５％ ,?     

0～3周龄肉仔鸡日粮中维生素E的适宜供给量研究

为了探讨０～３周龄肉仔鸡日粮中维生素Ｅ的适宜供给量,将一日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡９００只分成５个处理组,每组含６个供测定生产性能用的重复小组（各小组２２只,公母各半）和１个含公雏鸡４５只的小组,以便采血、屠宰取器官供测定α生育酚和硫巴比妥酸反应物质（ＴＢＡＲＳ）。各组的基础日粮相同,含α生育酚１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,各组日粮中分别添加ｄｌα生育酚醋酸酯０、５、１０、５０和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。试验结果表明,０～３周龄肉仔鸡的玉米豆粕豆油型日粮中不同维生素Ｅ水平不明显影响采食量;维生素Ｅ含量达到１８～２３ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上才能维持肉仔鸡正常的快速生长及１１～２１日龄阶段血浆恒定的α生育酚含量,当日粮中只含维生素Ｅ１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,血浆和肝脏中α生育酚明显随鸡日龄增大而耗竭（Ｐ＜００５）。日粮中维生素Ｅ含量达到１１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,肉仔鸡肝脏组织的α生育酚含量在各日龄点明显最高（Ｐ＜００５）且较恒定,ＴＢＡＲＳ值在１１、１６及２１日龄时最低且与含维生素Ｅ１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８ｍｇ／ｋｇ组的差异显著,说明抗氧化能力最强。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒感染对雏鸡免疫系统的影响Ⅱ．几种细胞因子体外诱生活性动态变化

１日龄雏鸡人工感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）后７、１４ｄ，脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），２１ｄ明显回升，２８ｄ显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），３５ｄ后降至对照水平；感染后７、１４和２１ｄ，胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８ｄ后恢复至对照水平。感染后７、１４ｄ，脾脏淋巴细胞ＩＦＮ诱生活性明显低于对照鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５），２１ｄ后恢复至对照水平。感染后１４ｄ，胸腺淋巴细胞集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）诱生活性未见明显变化，２１ｄ显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８ｄ降至正常水平。     

稀释日粮法早期限食养分对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本研究选用６日龄ＡＡ商品代肉仔鸡２００只，随机分为两组，用稻壳粉稀释日粮进行早期限食养分试验。以观察日粮稀释法对肉鸡生产性能的影响，结果显示：试验组鸡２１日龄平均每只体重显著低于对照鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８、４２、４９日龄体重略高于相应的对照鸡，但无统计学上的显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验鸡６～２１日龄段的饲料转化率显著低于对照鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５），２１～２８、２８～４２、４２～４９日齿段的饲料转化率优于相应的对照鸡。试验鸡每公斤增重所需饲料成本比对照鸡降低０．３９元／公斤增重。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒感染对雏鸡免疫系统的影响：Ⅱ.几种细胞因子体外…

１日龄雏鸡人工感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）后７、１４ｄ，脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），２８ｄ显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），３５ｄ后降至对照水平；感染后７、１４和２１ｄ，胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８ｄ后恢复至对照水平。感染后７、１４ｄ，脾腺淋巴细胞集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）诱生活性未见明显变化，２１ｄ显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８ｄ降至     

Evaluation of the detoxifying effect of yeast glucomannan on aflatoxicosis in broilers as assessed by gross examination and histopathology

We evaluated the efficacy of yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb), incorporated into the diet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg, in reducing the detrimental effects of 2 mg aflatoxin/kg diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) was divided into 6 treatment groups [Control, Aflatoxin (AF), Yeast glucomannan (YG; 0.5 g/kg), AF plus YG (0.5 g/kg), YG (1 g/kg), and AF plus YG (1 g/kg)]. Ten chicks from each of the 6 groups were slaughtered and pathological examinations were performed on the liver, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and kidney. The aflatoxin treatment caused moderate to severe hydropic/fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes of the liver and the tubular epithelium of the kidneys, and follicular depletion in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen. Yeast glucomannan added to the aflatoxin-containing diet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg diminished the severity of pathological changes, slightly and moderately, respectively. The number of affected organs was also reduced in the group given 1 g/kg yeast glucomannan, compared to the aflatoxin group. These results show that yeast glucomannan effectively diminished the adverse effects of aflatoxin on the pathological changes and that the higher concentration of yeast glucomannan (1 g/kg) was more effective than the lower concentration (0.5 g/kg) and itself had no adverse effect.     

雏鸡禽成髓细胞性白血病强毒感染后脂质过氧化物的含量变化

３日龄雏鸡禽成髓细胞性白血病强毒（ｖＡＭＶ）人工感染后,禽成髓细胞性白血病（ＡｖｉａｎＭｙｅｌｏｂｌａｓｔｏｓｉｓ,ＡＭＢ）发病率８６．７％,死亡率７０％;雏鸡ｖＡＭＶ感染１０日龄脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和性腺组织中指质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量高于（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著高于（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）健康对照雏鸡;１７日龄后各器官组织中ＬＰＯ含量则低于（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著低于（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）健康对照雏鸡。     

Effects of dietary supplements of selenium, vitamin E or combinations of the two on antibody responses of broilers

1. The effects of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on some immune parameters were investigated in broilers. 2. Broiler chicks were fed on maize-soybean diets with different concentrations of vitamin E (0-200 mg/kg) and selenium (0-0.2 mg/kg diet) either alone or in combinations from 1 to 42 d of age. 3. Chicks were immunised against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine at 21 d of age and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres were determined after 10 d. 4. Chicks receiving supplements of 200 mg vitamin E/kg and 0.2 mg selenium/kg produced significantly higher HI antibody titres. This was associated with an increased serum concentration of total immunoglobulins and circulatory immune complexes. 5. The chicks given 200 mg vitamin E/kg and 0.2 mg selenium/kg had significantly heavier spleen and bursa. 6. These results suggested that vitamin E and selenium have synergistic effects on immune responses.     

天蚕素抗菌肽对817肉杂鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究天蚕素抗菌肽对817肉杂鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取1日龄817肉杂鸡900羽,随机分为5个处理组（对照组、抗生素组及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200和300 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽,试验期42 d。结果显示,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组能显著提高1~21日龄817肉杂鸡的平均日增重（P<0.05）,显著降低料重比（P<0.05）;显著提高21、42日龄817肉杂鸡的胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;显著提高42日龄肉杂鸡的ND抗体水平和T淋巴细胞转化率（P<0.05）,表明在日粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽能提高817肉杂鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,在本试验条件下,适宜的添加量为200 mg/kg。     

雏鸡马立克氏病强毒感染后脂质过氧化物的含量变化

１日龄雏鸡马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染马立克氏病（ＭＤ）发病率６２％,ＭＤ死亡率３４％;脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、性腺脂质氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量高于（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

雏鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫后细胞免疫功能的变化

雏鸡用马立克氏病(MD)三价疫苗免疫后,其脾脏和胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应比未免疫健康对照雏鸡和以火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)疫苗免疫的雏鸡显著增强(P<0.05),外周血液T辅助细胞(T_M)和单核细胞数量显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05);雏鸡HVT疫苗免疫后,脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应比未免疫健康对照雏鸡显著增强(P<0.05),而胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应虽有增强,外周血液T_M数量虽有增加,但均无统计学显著性差异(P>0.05).     

Evaluation of pathological changes in broilers during chronic aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb) and clinoptilolite exposure

This study was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels of aflatoxin (AF) and clinoptilolite (CLI) until 42 days of age. A total of 576 one-day-old Ross-308 type broiler chicks were treated with varying levels of AF and CLI (15 g kg(-1)). The gross and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were investigated and relative organ weights were calculated. Compared to controls, significant changes (P<0.05), such as slight to moderate hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change (8 cases of 10), bile-duct hyperplasia (7 of 10) and periportal fibrosis (5 of 10), were found in chicks fed 100 ppb AF-containing diet. No gross-pathological changes were observed in any treatments. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb AF-containing diet significantly decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions (hydropic degeneration and bile-duct hyperplasia) in the livers (P<0.05). The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant lesions compared with the controls.     

大蒜素对肉鸡免疫器官发育及T淋巴细胞阳性率的影响

将240只7日龄AA肉鸡随机分成4组,各组在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中,分别添加0(对照)、12.5、37.5、62.5mg/kg的大蒜素,饲养期42天。结果表明:各组间肉鸡的免疫器官相对重量相比,添加大蒜素三个处理组35日龄法氏囊均比对照组(0mg/kg)显著增加(p<0.05),其中,37.5、62.5mg/kg两处理组21日龄胸腺和62.5mg/kg处理组35日龄脾脏均比对照组显著增加(p<0.05);T淋巴细胞阳性率结果显示,37.5mg/kg、62.5mg/kg两处理组明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。     

Effect of Radix rehmanniae Extract on Immune Organ Indexes and H9 Vaccine Immune Efficacy of Chicks

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the Radix rehmanniae extract on immune organs indexes and H9 vaccine immune efficacy.1 200 1-day-old healthy chicks fed with basal diet were chosen and randomly devided into 6 Groups on 14-day-old:GroupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ adding 2‰,3‰ 0.4‰ Radix rehmanniae extract,respectively;Group Ⅳ adding 1‰ astragalus polysaccharide;Group Ⅴ immunned with H9 vaccine and fed with basal diet;Group Ⅵ was blank control group which didn't immunned with H9 vaccine and fed basal diet.After 7 days medicine-feeding,the samples were collected at 14,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 days and the immune organs indexes and the H9 antibody levels were determined.The results showed as follows:①Compared with group Ⅵ,the spleen and bursa indexes of groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased (P < 0.05),indicating that dietary supplementation with Radix rehmanniae extract and astragalus polysaccharide could improve spleen and bursa development (P < 0.05).Compared with group Ⅰand Ⅲ,the bursa and spleen indexes of group Ⅱ were significantly increased (P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P > 0.05).②Dietary supplementation with Radix rehmanniae extract and astragalus polysaccharide could improve H9 antibody titers and hold it at a higher level.Compared with group Ⅰand Ⅲ,the H9 antibody titer of group Ⅱ was significantly increased from 42 days (P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P > 0.05).In conclusion,the Radix rehmanniae extract could improve immune organs development and immune function of chicks,and keep antibody titers at high levels when matches with H9 vaccine.And the recommended supplemental level of Radix rehmanniae extract was 2‰ in diet for chicks.