腐蚀与防护专业课程教学方法与改革

腐蚀与防护专业是需要基础理论和工程实践相结合的专业,本文针对腐蚀与防护的专业设置特点及学生现状对专业教学内容和教学方法进行了分析和探讨,提出了激发学生的专业学习兴趣、提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力的方法。     

玉米与高粱的加工与利用

1玉米玉米籽粒是由皮层、胚乳和胚3部分组成。各部分占玉米粒质量比（以干物质计）为,皮层7．0％～9．0％,胚乳80％-85％,胚10％-15％。皮层由不易分离的果皮和种皮组成,果皮较厚,并含有色素使籽粒呈现不同的颜色。胚乳有角质和粉质之分,其最外层为糊粉层,约占籽粒质量的8％～10％。胚由胚芽、胚轴、胚根及盾片所组成,盾片含油量约占胚芽量的35％～40％。玉米籽粒的化学成分随品种、栽培条件而异。玉米加工有干法和湿法。     

母猪与仔猪的保健与防疫

对母猪中后备母猪、怀孕母猪、产后母猪的保健和防疫进行了阐述,同时对仔猪的保健和防疫进行了简要说明,以期为广大养殖户提供参考。     

一例猪瘟与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的诊断与防制

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的以母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪呼吸道疾病为特征的传染病。该病以繁殖障碍、呼吸困难、耳朵蓝紫并发其他传染病为主要特征。主要通过呼吸道感染,患病猪和带毒猪都是PRRS的主要传染源。该病主要侵害繁殖和呼吸系统,主要表现母猪繁殖障碍、仔猪断奶前死亡率高、育成猪的呼吸道疾病症状,严重影响养猪业的生产与发展。     

组织学与胚胎学教学实践与探讨

组织学与胚胎学是高等医学院校的一门重要的基础形态课程。为提高教学质量,实现以学生为中心,促进学生学习的兴趣与主动性,培养学生自主学习能力和创新思维能力,我们在组织学与胚胎学教学中,结合现代教育技术,遵循"以学生为中心",改进教学方法、教学手段及学生成绩评价体系,为课程教学改革作出初步探索。     

农村城镇建设与土地规划与利用

随着我国城市土地管理工作的发展，对城市土地利用总体规划提出了新的要求。最近几年我国经济得到了飞速发展，而人口数量也在迅速增长，出现了较为突出的人口与土地矛盾，建设用地与农业用地矛盾，存在着较为严重的城市土地利用结构和布局不合理现象。要求在最短时间内实现城市土地利用总体规划的合理性与可行性。     

猪蛔虫病与旋毛虫病的流行与诊断

1蛔虫病猪蛔虫病是由蛔虫寄生在猪小肠内所引起的线虫病。本病发生普遍,一般3-6月龄的仔猪对此病易感,危害较为严重。临床上以生长发育不足、增重缓慢、蛔虫性肺炎、胃肠道疾病为特征,严重感染时,仔猪发育停滞,成为僵猪,甚至死亡。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的诊断与防制

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)又称蓝耳病,是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的猪的一种高度接触性传染病,不同年龄、品种和性别的猪均能感染,但以妊娠母猪和1月龄以内的仔猪最易感.     

鸡痘与白冠病并发原因与诊治

发病情况2008年8月31日,宿州市某养殖户饲养的2000只蛋鸡,110日龄,采食稍有下降,观察鸡群发现部分鸡的鸡冠、喙及眼周围附近有小的痘斑,拉绿色或酱黑色粪便,鸡冠还有点轻微的发白,眼睛有泡沫样分泌物,一侧的眼睛肿胀粘连、流泪。     

养蚕与蚕种学教学研究与改革

文章针对养蚕与蚕种学教学中存在的重理论轻实践、重科研轻教学、教学经费投入不足、理论与实践分离等问题进行探讨,并提出见解,为今后的改革提供参考。     

青海藏猪与八眉猪遗传多样性研究

为调查青海藏猪与八眉猪遗传资源,本研究测定了青海藏猪与八眉猪线粒体DNA D环(mt DNA)高变区核苷酸序列。结果表明:青海藏猪与八眉猪mt DNA D-loop高变区存在14个多态位点,其中有5个单一多态位点和9简约信息位点,根据多态位点界定了14个单倍型,其中6个是青海藏猪和八眉猪所共享,且各自有4个特有单倍型。由于自然条件下产生的突变类型积累的缘故,青海藏猪保持了相对较高的遗传多样性,而可能由于瓶颈效应与人工选择影响,八眉猪的遗传多样性较低。系统发育揭示八眉猪和藏猪是两次不同的驯化事件的结果。     

Associations between pathogens in healthy pigs and pigs with pneumonia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 100 pigs showing no clinical signs and 239 pigs with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, US-type porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), EU-type PRRSV, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), influenza virus type A, alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus species, beta-haemolytic Streptococcus species, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. These potential pathogens were detected more frequently in the pigs with respiratory problems than in the pigs with no clinical signs. pcv-2 and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were the pathogens most frequently detected; A pleuropneumoniae was isolated in only two cases. There were more often associations between the organisms in the pigs with clinical signs than in the healthy pigs. In particular, alpha-haemolytic streptococci and M hyopneumoniae were both associated with the presence of M hyorhinis, EU-type PRRSV, P multocida and B bronchiseptica, and alpha-haemolytic streptococci also occurred more often in pigs that were already infected with other pathogens. P multocida and B bronchiseptica were both significantly associated with M hyopneumoniae, alpha-haemolytic streptococci, EU-type PRRSV and US-type PRRSV.     

低蛋白日粮对生长猪及育肥猪的影响

选取初始体重为25kg的杜×大×长三元健康生长猪176头及初始体重为50kg的杜×大×长三元健康育肥猪144头。采用单因子设计,分为对照组和试验组;对照组中日粮按照NRC（1998）营养需要量推荐配制,试验组在NRC推荐的日粮粗蛋白质水平上降低4个百分点探讨低蛋白质日粮对生长猪和育肥猪生长性能的影响。结果表明：生长猪试验组日增重比对照组增加了46g,提高幅度为6．82％：料肉比比对照组低10．96％：增重成本节约0．89元／kg体重。育肥猪试验1组日增重较高．比对照组增加23g．提高幅度为3．09％。试验2组与对照组日增重相当;试验1组、试验2组料肉比分别比对照组降低1．15％和3．2％;试验1组、试验2组增重成本分别比对照组节约0．44元／kg体重和0．49元／kg体重;试验组瘦肉率与对照组相比没有显著差异。从各指标的趋势上看．试验组的生长表现和经济效益均优于对照组．     

2种猪源链球菌对猪、兔的致病性试验

检测了4株猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suistype 2,SS2)和2株马链球菌兽疫亚种(Streptococcus equisubsp.zooepidem icus,SEZ)对猪、兔的致病性。SS2-1、SS2-H及SS2-006444株均分离自发病猪内脏,前2株毒力因子表现型为MRP+EF+SLY+,后者为MRP-EF-SLY-;SS2-D株为国外引进的SS2人源株,作为对照,其毒力因子的表现型为MRP+EF*SLY+;SEZ-CY和SEZ-CN株均分离自发病猪并经鉴定。SS2-1、SS2-H、SEZ-CY和SEZ-CN株对猪(2~3头/组)的最小致死量分别为106、107、104和108cfu;对兔(2~3只/组)的最小致死量分别为100~1 000、1 000、100和105cfu;SS2-D株108cfu对猪不致死,对兔的最小致死量为108cfu,而SS2-006444对猪、兔无致病性。显示SS2毒力因子与其对猪、兔的致病性有关;SS2与SEZ菌株对兔或猪的致病性一致,可用兔取代猪做试验;SS2和SEZ菌株通过腹腔、皮下、肌肉或静脉注射均可感染兔(2~4只/组),并致死,SEZ还可经口、鼻感染;SEZ与SS2静脉感染猪后10 m in即可检出细菌,此后2~4 h为无菌血症阶段,之后重新出现。     

Biochemical intestinal parameters in pigs reared outdoors and indoors,and in germ-free pigs

Intestinal microbial functions reflect cross-talk between a host and its flora, and external factors may influence these functions. The aim of this investigation was to follow the development of six biochemical microbial-related functions of piglets, raised outdoors (OPs) or indoors (IPs), from birth to slaughter age. The following parameters (microflora-associated characteristic; MAC) were consecutively measured at five different ages: production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol and of bilirubin to urobilinogens, inactivation of trypsin, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine and of mucin. Additionally, four parameters (production of SCFA. conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, inactivation of trypsin, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine) were investigated in faecal samples from germ-free minipigs. The differences in MAC patterns between OPs and IPs were most pronounced at 20 days of age. Differences were found in the total amount of SCFAs, proportions of the acetic, propionic and butyric acids, conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogens, degradation of faecal tryptic activity and degradation of mucin. The values found in the minipigs were within the range of a germ-free animal characteristic (GAC) pattern. Our results show that environmental factors influence the development of some intestinal microbial functions in pigs.