复方黄芪金银花颗粒剂的质量标准研究

建立了控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量标准。采用薄层层析对颗粒中女贞子、金银花、黄芪、枸杞子进行了薄层鉴别以及双光束紫外-可见光分光光度法测定了颗粒中绿原酸的含量。结果显示,薄层鉴别方法专属性强,绿原酸在42.24～84.48μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为：A=0.0053×C-0.0012（r=0.9999,n=5）;样品在24 h内稳定,RSD=0.733%;加样平均回收率为102.094%,RSD=0.499%;该方法精密度高,RSD=0.382%。本质量标准可有效控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量。     

银翘天甘复方制剂中绿原酸的测定

本实验旨在探索建立银翘天甘复方制剂中绿原酸含量的检测方法.采用紫外分光光度法(UV),检测波长为327nm;薄层色谱法(TLC),展开剂为乙酸丁酯-甲酸-水(7.5:2.5:2.5).结果表明:绿原酸浓度为2.5～15μg/mL时有较好的线性关系,回归方程:A=0.1897C-0.0033,r=0.9997(n=5),回收率为99.4%,RSD为0.2%.薄层色谱能将复方制剂中的绿原酸很好的分离出来,样品中的绿原酸比移值(Rf值)=0.28±0.01(n=5),与对照品之间的Rf值基本一致.银翘天甘复方制荆中舍有绿原酸,且UV、TLC可作为银翘天甘复方制剂中绿原酸的定性分析检测方法.     

复方黄金颗粒的薄层鉴别

目的:建立控制复方黄金颗粒的鉴别方法。方法:采用薄层层析对颗粒中黄芪、金银花、女贞子、枸杞子等中药进行薄层鉴别。结果:该薄层鉴别方法专属性强、重现性好。     

肝毒净颗粒的质量控制研究

对栀子和黄芩进行薄层色谱鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定肝毒净颗粒中绿原酸含量.色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液（8∶ 92）,检测波长为324.5 nm.绿原酸在0.161 6～1.292 8 mg范围内,峰面积与其呈良好线性关系（r= 0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.19% （n=6）,RSD=1.26%.本方法可用于控制肝毒净颗粒的质量.     

芪贞增免颗粒质量标准提高

目的:提高芪贞增免颗粒质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法(TLC)芪贞增免颗粒中黄芪、淫羊藿进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱—蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定制剂中黄芪甲苷含量;采用波长切换高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定制剂中特女贞苷和淫羊藿苷的含量。结果:定性鉴别分离度较好,专属性强;黄芪甲苷含量测定线性范围为进样量0.840~5.040μg (r=0.9997),平均加样回收率为100.39%(RSD=1.09%,n=9);特女贞苷含量测定线性范围为10.0012～250.0300μg·m L-1(r=1),平均加样回收率为100.56%(RSD=1.28%,n=9);淫羊藿苷的含量测定线性范围为10.0185～250.4625μg·mL-1 (r=0.9997),平均加样回收率为99.80%(RSD=1.01%,n=9)。结论:本文所建立方法准确可靠、灵敏度高、专属性强,可用于芪贞增免颗粒质量标准的提高。     

七清败毒散质量标准研究

根据《中华人民共和国兽药典》(二部)中药材标准,对内蒙古润龙生物科技有限公司研发的七清败毒散进行质量标准研究,旨在为七清败毒散的生产提供质量控制依据。采用紫外分光光度法测定七清败毒散中主药金银花的主要成分绿原酸的含量,用薄层色谱法对处方中的主药板蓝根进行鉴别。结果显示,绿原酸在13.2μg/mL～66.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为:A=0.037 3×C-0.009 9(r=0.999 9,n=6);七清败毒散的绿原酸含量为1.763μg/mg。绿原酸的加样平均回收率为98.77%,回收率范围在70%～110%之间,日内和日间平均精密度分别为0.356%,0.096%,均小于5%。结果显示,紫外分光光度法可以用于处方中金银花的定量测定,方法可靠,无需校正;薄层鉴别法专属性强,可以用于处方中板蓝根的定性鉴别。     

复方苦玄参颗粒质量标准初步研究

为建立复方苦玄参颗粒的质量标准,采用薄层色谱法(TCL)对复方苦玄参颗粒中的苦玄参、桃金娘根进行定性分析;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对复方苦玄参颗粒中的苦玄参苷IA进行含量测定。TLC表明,复方苦玄参颗粒中的苦玄参、桃金娘根均与其对应的标准药材在相同的位置有一致的斑点;HPLC表明,苦玄参苷IA在21.08μg/mL~105.4μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999 3),平均加样回收率为98.07%,RSD=0.01%(n=6)。表明建立的定性及定量分析方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,可作为复方苦玄参颗粒中苦玄参、桃金娘根的鉴别及苦玄参苷IA的含量测定。     

仔泻康口服液的质量标准研究

为了研究仔泻康口服液质量标准,以便控制产品质量,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对制剂中黄芪、黄芩、黄连、白头翁进行定性鉴别;用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对制剂中黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱进行含量测定。结果 TLC鉴别分离度好,简单、灵敏、专属性强。黄芩苷线性范围在0.12～0.75μg(R2=0.9975),平均回收率为97%,RSD=1. 46%(n=6);盐酸小檗碱线性范围在0. 125～0. 75μg(R2=0.9929),平均回收率为93.33%,RSD为2.21%(n=6)。对黄芪、黄芩、黄连的定性鉴别及黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的含量测定,方法简单、准确、可靠,所建的标准可用于仔泻康口服液的质量控制。     

黄连口服液质量标准研究

目的:建立黄连口服液的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱对口服液中黄连进行薄层鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定口服液中盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果:薄层鉴别方法专属性强,盐酸小檗碱含量在0.326 0-1.630 0μg/m L范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为:Y=4.38×106X-4.75×104(R2=0.999 9,n=5);样品在12 h内稳定,RSD为0.36%;加样平均回收率为100.106%,RSD为0.826%;该方法精密度高,RSD为0.11%。结论:本质量标准可有效地控制黄连口服液的质量。     

当归补血颗粒的质量标准研究

为了建立当归补血颗粒的质量检测标准,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对组方药物当归有效成分藁本内酯进行鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别对组方药当归中的阿魏酸和黄芪中的有效成分黄芪甲苷进行含量测定。结果表明,藁本内酯薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,特异性强;阿魏酸浓度在0.502μg/mL~20.06μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.999 5),3种浓度阿魏酸对照品精密度RSD均不大于1.5%,重复性试验RSD为0.63%,稳定性试验RSD为0.93%,加样回收率平均为98.21%,色谱图中阴性对照无干扰,专属性良好。黄芪甲苷浓度在0.401μg/mL~8.016μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.999 2),3种浓度黄芪甲苷对照品精密度RSD均不大于1.5%,重复性试验RSD为1.76%,稳定性试验RSD为1.66%,加样回收率平均为97.68%,色谱图中阴性对照无干扰,专属性良好。说明建立的检测方法简便、准确、专属性强、重复性好,可对当归补血颗粒的质量进行有效控制。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.