2001年油价仍步履维艰

据植物油行业协会2000年会议的消息,目前国内油脂市场受进口油脂、油料的冲击很大。根据海关统计:1～9月份我国进口菜籽212万ｔ,大豆834万ｔ,国内市场增加了近250万ｔ的油脂;同时去年我国的油料丰收,大豆年产量1500万ｔ,菜籽为1100万ｔ,花生1200万ｔ,都比去年有了较大幅度的提高。这就造成了国内油脂市场供大于求的局面。因为受价格的影响,有些省菜籽播种面积已趋饱和。预计,明年油菜籽的播种面积基本保持稳定,不会有太大的增长。大豆的播种面积受价格下跌,以及东北将扩大优质麦播种面积的影响,将略有下降。今年的油籽产量将在去年高产的水…     

2002年我国大豆市场分析与展望

2002年全国大豆种植面积虽然比上年下降7.3%，但平均亩产（122.5kg)增长了13%，总产量达到1620万t，增长4.8%，单产和总产均创建国以来最高纪录。大豆品质和农民收入得到提高，生产成本降低，这是政策扶持，天公做美的结果。2002年1-11月份累计进口跑龙套豆1025.5万t，同时下降20%，累计进口豆油71.6万，同比增长10.2倍，累计出口豆粕95.6万t，同比增长3.8倍。预计2002/2003年度大豆进口量为1080万，供求基本平衡，库存有所减少；油菜籽减产、进口减少，菜油供应紧张，导致对豆油需求增加，预计豆油进口将增加60万t以上，期末库存与上年持平；豆粕供大于求矛盾突出，出口将增加到120万t。受国际市场油料减产的影响，2002年4月份以来国际国内大豆价格不断攀升，9月份前后回落，10月中旬止跌回升，但12月份国内价格涨幅更大，国内外大豆价差逐渐缩小，国产大豆竞争力减弱。预计2003年3月份国内大豆价格将回调，大豆生产和出口都将增加。建议油脂加工企业不要盲目扩建新厂，加强转基因生物安全标识管理。     

2003年鸡肉市场形势分析及2004年展望

2003年我国鸡肉生产继续稳定增长，由于饲养成本增加，养殖效益低于上年，鸡肉市场价格先降后升，1-10月我国冻鸡杂、鸡翼进口增加，鸡肉出口大幅下降；国际方而，2003年世界鸡肉生与消费持续增长，但增幅减小，鸡肉贸易略有增长，美国鸡肉市场价格全面上涨。预计2004年我国鸡肉产量将继续增长，鸡肉市场价格稳中有升，鸡肉进口不会有大的增加，出口形势将有所好转。     

2006年我国油脂市场回顾及2007年展望

2006年是我国油脂油料行业经历剧烈变动的一年。国际油料市场供求关系的巨大转变导致芝加哥大豆期价出现大幅波动；养殖行情的低迷导致2006年上半年饲料行业对蛋白粕的需求量同比大幅降低，直到下半年需求才逐步恢复。[第一段]     

关注饲用油脂——我省饲用油脂专题调研

中国是一个油料生产大国和加工大国,也是一个油脂消费大国和油脂油料进出口大国。据不完全统计,我国的油料加工总能力已超过亿吨,成为世界上油料加工能力最大的国家。然而由于我国油脂需求量大,60%以上的油脂仍依靠进口,这给"油脂安全供应"带来很大的隐患。研究表明,油脂是优质的高能量饲料,其能值是碳水化合物和蛋白质的2倍多。近年来,随着畜牧业及饲料工业的迅速发展,对能量饲料的需求增多,油脂在饲料生产的应用极为普遍。油脂作为能量饲料,未来需求加大是必然趋势,这给我国的油脂供应提出了新的难题。而随着我国土地资源不断减少,粮价总体将持续高位运行。以今年为例,玉米价格不断上涨,加上俄罗斯、澳大利亚等国家因干旱减产或禁止玉米出口,给我省饲料行业造成很大影响。在饲料粮供应偏紧和价格变化较大的形势下,如何保障我省饲用油脂的有效供给和质量安全,如何促进我省饲用油脂行业持续健康发展,已成为业界共同关注的问题。为了深入了解我省饲用油脂市场现状、供应情况以及生产使用过程中存在的问题,省饲料行业协会及《广东饲料》杂志社针对我省饲用油脂供应数量、价格,工艺保障等多方面的问题展开调研,组织油脂加工骨干企业与专家、饲用油用户代表召开专题座谈会,并对油脂生产加工企业开展调研,共同探讨饲用油脂供需、安全及竞争等问题,以期促进行业健康发展。     

2003年上半年我国鸡肉市场形势分析

分析发现，2003年上半年我国鸡肉生产、市场与贸易变化主要呈现以下特点：生产继续增长，但增幅趋缓，养殖效益低于去年同期；鸡肉消费减少，市场价格继续全面下降；前5个月鸡肉产品进口略增，出口出现较大幅度增长，但与上年同期相比进出口额均减少，贸易顺差为17513.6万美元。国际方面，据美国农业部预测，2003年世界鸡肉生产     

2003年羊肉生产与市场形势分析

2003年，我国羊产品出口2084．05万美元，同比增长1．62倍；进口5059．38万美元，同比增长62．70％。贸易逆差2975．33万美元，同比扩大。     

2010年我国干鲜水果进出口统计与分析

2010年我国出口干鲜水果数量下降、出口额上升,进口干鲜水果则呈进口量、进口额双双增长的态势,我国干鲜水果出口顺差进一步缩小。2010年我国出口的大多数干鲜水果的出口量都呈下降趋势,其中,香蕉类出口量下降幅度最大;苹果仍是我国第一大出口水果,其他水果出口量都不足100万t;我国干鲜水果出口市场主要集中在东南亚及前苏联部分地区,越南是2010年我国干鲜水果最大的出口市场。2010年我国进口的干鲜水果主要是香蕉(含芭蕉)类、瓜类及一些热带水果与坚果类,大多数干鲜水果进口量都保持着增长态势,其中,坚果类、香蕉类和核果类进口量增幅均在三成以上;香蕉、芭蕉是我国进口量最多的水果;我国进口干鲜水果主要来自东南亚地区。     

2002年鸡肉市场形势分析及2003年展望

2002年我国鸡肉生产继续稳定增长．鸡肉价格低迷．鸡肉进出口均大幅下降；2002年全球鸡肉产量增加．鸡肉贸易略有下降．美国鸡肉价格有所回升．但仍低于去年。预计2003年我国鸡肉产量将继续增长，鸡肉价格仍在低价位运行；预计鸡肉进口不会有大的增长．出口形势将有所好转；世界鸡肉生产、消费将保持在2002年的水平．美国鸡肉价格将继续回升，国际贸易可能达到历史最高水平。     

2003年第三季度我国大豆和豆粕市场形势分析与展望

一、大豆及豆油 1.第三季度大豆进口继续剧增 9月份大豆进口量为299万t,为近年来单月进口最高水平。2003年1-9月,我国进口大豆总量达到了1771万t,同比增长了133％。其中,633万t来自美国,583万t来自巴西,554万t来自阿根廷。 从1-9月份进口大豆运达口岸,山东424万t,江苏450万t,天津93万t,深圳144万t,宁波     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Bartonella and Babesia infections in cattle and their ticks in Taiwan

Bartonella and Babesia infections and the association with cattle breed and age as well as tick species infesting selected cattle herds in Taiwan were investigated. Blood samples were collected from 518 dairy cows and 59 beef cattle on 14 farms and 415 ticks were collected from these animals or in a field. Bartonella and Babesia species were isolated and/or detected in the cattle blood samples and from a selected subset (n = 254) of the ticks either by culture or DNA extraction, PCR testing and DNA sequence analysis. Bartonella bovis was isolated from a dairy cow and was detected in 25 (42.4%) beef cattle and 40 (15.7%) tick DNA samples. This is the first isolation of B. bovis from cattle in Asia and detection of a wide variety of Bartonella species in Rhipicephalus microplus. Babesia spp. were detected only on one farm from dairy cows either infected by Babesia bovis (n = 10, 1.9%) or B. bigemina (n = 3, 0.6%).     

Fibronectin Concentrations in Pleural and Abdominal Effusions in Dogs and Cats

A commercial nephelometric test kit for human fibronectin (FN) was found suitable for the estimation if fibronectin concentration in body effusions of cats and dogs. The FN measurements were set in relation to the FN concentration of plasma pools in cats and dogs. A discrimination line of 31.5% completely separated malignant from cardiogenic pleural effusions in cats. For the diagnosis of a malignant pleural effusion, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 57%. Pleuritis also resulted in high FN concentrations. The FN concentration in malignant pleural effusions in dogs differed significantly ( P < .02) from that in cardiogenic effusions. There were no clinically useful differences in the FN concentration in peritoneal effusions in cats and dogs. The FN/albumin ratio was significantly higher ( P < .02) in dogs with neoplastic abdominal effusion than in those with congestive heart failure.