沂蒙黑山羊生产现状及发展对策

沂蒙黑山羊是优良的肉、皮、绒兼用型品种。此次调查以沂蒙山区的费县及其周边地区的沂蒙黑山羊为对象,调查了沂蒙黑山羊的生产现状,分析了存在的问题,提出了进一步发展的对策。     

沂蒙黑山羊生产现状及发展对策

沂蒙黑山羊是优良的肉、皮、绒兼用型品种.此次调查以沂蒙山区的费县及其周边地区的沂蒙黑山羊为对象,调查了沂蒙黑山羊的生产现状,分析了存在的问题,提出了进一步发展的对策.     

山东省地方山羊品种生产性能比较

为了解地方山羊品种资源之间的生产性能差异,对山东省的莱芜黑山羊、沂蒙黑山羊、牙山黑绒山羊和鲁北白山羊4个地方山羊品种的体重、体尺和繁殖性能进行了测定。结果显示:沂蒙黑山羊的初生重偏低(P0.05),90日龄时体重还是偏低(P0.05);莱芜黑山羊胸围比其他品种更具优势(P0.05);鲁北白山羊体长偏长,繁殖性能最高(P0.05)。说明鲁北白山羊在生长性能和繁殖性能方面更具优势。     

沂蒙黑山羊布氏杆菌病防控与净化研究

沂蒙黑山羊作为山东省优秀地方畜禽品种,随着养殖数量的不断增加,布病的防控与净化对于黑山羊的养殖具有重要作用。本文就布病的病原特性和流行病学特点进行阐述,并根据沂蒙黑山羊具体饲养情况对布病的防控和进化进行分析,为今后黑山羊的养殖提供相关理论依据。     

基于文献统计分析沂蒙黑山羊研究进展

沂蒙黑山羊是我国优秀的地方品种,为了解沂蒙黑山羊的研究进展,以中国知网为数据来源,对其收录的沂蒙黑山羊相关文献进行分类整理,从文献数量、文献来源、核心作者和研究主题等4个方面进行分析。结果表明:沂蒙黑山羊相关论文发表数量很少;论文发表期刊来源广泛且分布分散,研究广度和深度不足;核心作者很少,没有形成核心作者群;研究热点主题主要集中在发情周期中相关激素的表达规律、高效养殖技术以及羊肉品质的影响因素3个方面。说明沂蒙黑山羊总体研究热度不高,需要进一步深入研究。     

临沂市沂蒙黑山羊品牌建设发展及建议

正目前沂蒙黑山羊以其优异的生产性能和悠久独特的历史文化等特征赢得市场的关注,正逐渐融入临沂人民的生活中。沂蒙黑山羊产业虽具备了一定的生产规模,但因缺少知名的品牌而没有创造出显著的产值。在信息高速发展的时代,在日益激烈的市场竞争中,沂蒙黑山羊亟需建设并推广自己的品牌,走品牌化道路、加强品牌建设,可以促进沂蒙黑山羊健康高效发展,并以此发展壮大地方品种产业,增强市场影响力,提高产业核心竞争力和综合效益。     

山东省地方品种羊先天性免疫指标主成分聚类分析及与抗病力的相关性

运用化学计量学方法,结合SPSS统计软件对山东省6个地方山羊品种和5个地方绵羊品种的7项先天性免疫指标进行定量定性综合评定,检测指标包括血清IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、IFN-γ、NK细胞和血清溶菌酶(LYS)含量。通过对地方山羊和绵羊品种的先天性免疫指标进行主成分分析和聚类分析研究,分析不同地方山羊和绵羊品种非特异性抗病力的差异。主成分分析结果表明,莱芜黑山羊、沂蒙黑山羊、崂山奶山羊以及小尾寒羊、鲁中山地绵羊的7项主要先天性免疫指标水平突出。聚类分析结果表明,地方山羊品种先天免疫水平可划分为3类,莱芜黑山羊和鲁北白山羊为一类,济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊为一类,文登奶山羊和崂山奶山羊为一类;地方绵羊品种也可划分成三类,小尾寒羊为一类,鲁中山地绵羊和洼地绵羊为一类,大尾寒羊和泗水裘皮羊为一类。综合分析表明,山东地区不同地方山羊和绵羊品种间的非特异性抗病力存在差异,其中莱芜黑山羊、沂蒙黑山羊、崂山奶山羊以及小尾寒羊、鲁中山地绵羊非特异性抗病力较强,且部分品种之间先天性免疫指标具有相似性,这可能与山东地区地方山羊和绵羊的育种历程有关。本研究为山东地方山羊和绵羊品种非特异性抗病力评估体系的建立提供了理论依据。     

沂蒙黑山羊生产现状及产业发展对策分析

沂蒙黑山羊又叫黑山羊,是在沂蒙山区自然条件下形成的一个集肉、绒、毛、皮多用型的地方品种,多为黑色,少数棕红色。沂蒙黑山羊是我国优秀的地方种质资源,2003年就被列入《中国畜禽品种资源名录》,2011年又被山东省首批公布为十大重点保护地方畜禽品种之一。     

沂蒙黑山羊与鲁波山羊育肥期生长性能比较分析

为探究沂蒙黑山羊和鲁波山羊在育肥期生长性能的差异,选取3月龄断奶的沂蒙黑山羊13只、鲁波山羊16只开展育肥试验,预试期21 d,正试期90 d,分别于育肥第0、30、60和90天测定体重、体高、体长、胸围、胸宽、胸深、管围等生长发育指标。结果表明,在育肥期间,鲁波山羊体重总增量、平均日增重,体高、体长、胸围和胸深增长量均极显著高于沂蒙黑山羊(P0.01),胸宽和管围增长量两个品种之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。沂蒙黑山羊体重的阶段增长量呈上升趋势,体高、体长及胸围累计增长量均超过7 cm,而鲁波山羊体重的阶段增长量呈下降趋势,体高、体长及胸围累计增长量均超过11 cm;3个试验阶段中不同体尺指标在沂蒙黑山羊与鲁波山羊之间总体表现出与体重增长量一致的生长趋势。整体来看,鲁波山羊在育肥期的生长速度快于沂蒙黑山羊。     

沂蒙黑山羊成年母羊体重及体尺性状的回归分析

采用逐步回归方法对105只沂蒙黑山羊成年母羊的体重和6个主要体尺性状进行了回归分析,获得沂蒙黑山羊成年母羊体重和主要体尺指标的最优回归方程为Y=0.261X_3+0.665X_4+2.029 X_6-23.458(P0.01)。研究明确了沂蒙黑山羊成年母羊体重与体尺指标的关系,可为今后沂蒙黑山羊的选育工作提供参考。     

中国草原红牛品种资源现状及展望

草原红牛属肉乳兼用型品种，其育种始于２０世纪５０年代，经３０多年努力，于１９８５年通过国家验收，并定名为中国草原红咎。它具有适应性强、耐粗饲、抗逆性强、抓膘快、遗传力稳定等优良特征，适合于草原地区粗放管理的经营方式饲养，要以作为草原地区的首推品种加以推广。     

西藏各地方类群山羊种质资源保护与利用

西藏各地方类群山羊具有耐粗饲、耐高寒、抗缺氧、抗病力和适应强等特点。介绍了西藏各地方类群山羊的中心产区、品种特征和养殖现状,剖析了限制该地区山羊养殖业发展的主要因素,在此基础上提出了加强西藏山羊种质资源保护与利用工作的建议。     

西藏昂仁县黄牛人工授精率改良现状及提高措施

西藏日喀则黄牛是乳、肉、役兼用的小型地方原始品种,简称西藏牛,该牲畜品种适应高原气候,耐粗饲,管理较为粗放,抗逆性较强,但是由于该黄牛品种个体较小,性成熟较晚,整体的生产性能低下,严重影响到养殖户的经济效益。目前在西藏日喀则昂仁县黄牛人工授精技术已初步形成体系,人工授精率逐年上升,但是在具体的操作中,由于很多技术人员存在诸多不规范的行为,黄牛的受胎率时好时坏,严重影响品种改良进程。该文主要论述影响西藏昂仁县黄牛人工受精率的因素,提出相应的工作措施。     

奶山羊的繁育与管理技术要点

奶山羊养殖是农村最广泛的一项养殖项目。我国现养殖的奶山羊品种主要是莎能奶山羊与本地山羊杂交培育的后代。种羊选择要根据当地的品种资源、区域性优势及价格,灵活实施。根据养殖需要合理饲养种公羊、母羊和羔羊。母羊要选择有明显乳用家畜的楔形体型,发育状况良好、体格强健、健康无病、外貌匀称,且乳房容积大、外形好看、产奶量高的优良个体。种公羊要选择品种优良、体质健壮、发育良好、反应灵敏、精力充沛、食欲旺盛、健康无病、雄性特征明显的优良个体。加强奶山羊的繁育管理,注意观察母羊的发情表现,做好发情鉴定,及时配种。注意做好母羊的妊娠管理、分娩接产和护理工作。     

牦牛生产性能低下的主要原因及提高措施

牦牛主要分布于我国青藏高原高寒牧区,是该地区草地资源进行动物性生产的优势牛种。饲养环境恶劣、管理模式粗放、畜群结构不合理是导致该地区牦牛生产性能低下的主要原因。对影响牦牛生产性能的主要因素进行了分析,提出了加强营养、科学选种选配、早期断奶等提高牦牛生产性能的措施,以期为该地区牦牛的科学养殖提供参考。     

肉用羔羊的培育技术

为了提高羔羊的成活率并培育出体质健壮、发育良好的羔羊,获取养羊业高效益.主要从护理羔羊和培育羔羊的技术方面进行了阐述.     

Evaluation of Environmental, Nutritional, and Host Factors in Cats with Hyperthyroidism

The pathologic changes associated with hyperthyroidism (adenomatous hyperplasia, adenoma of the thyroid gland) have been well characterized in cats, but the pathogenesis of these changes remains unclear. In this research, we undertook a case-control study to search for potential risk factors for this disease. Owners of 379 hyperthyroid and 351 control cats were questioned about their cats' exposure to potential risk factors including breed, demographic factors, medical history, indoor environment, chemicals applied to the cat and environment, and diet. The association between these hypothesized risk factors and outcome of disease was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. Two genetically related cat breeds (ie, Siamese and Himalayan) were found to have diminished risk of developing hyperthyroidism. Cats that used litter had higher risk of developing hyperthyroidism than those that did not. Use of topical ectoparasite preparations was associated with increased risk of developing hyperthyroidism. Compared with cats that did not eat canned food, those that ate commercially prepared canned food had an approximate 2-fold increase in risk of disease. When these 4 variables (breed, use of cat litter, consumption of canned cat food, and use of topical ectoparasite preparations) from the univariate analysis were selected for further study as candidate risk factors and analyzed by multivariate conditional logistic regression, a persistent protective effect of breed (ie, Siamese or Himalayan) was found. In addition, results suggested a 2- to 3-fold increase in risk of developing hyperthyroidism among cats eating a diet composed mostly of canned cat food and a 3-fold increase in risk among those using cat litter. In contrast, the use of commercial flea products did not retain a strong association. The results of this study indicate that further research into dietary and other potentially important environmental factors (eg, cat litter) is warranted.     

Crib‐biting in US horses: Breed predispositions and owner perceptions of aetiology

Reasons for performing study: Crib‐biting is an equine stereotypy that may result in diseases such as colic. Certain breeds and management factors have been associated. Objectives: To determine: breed prevalence of crib‐biting in US horses; the likelihood that one horse learns to crib‐bite from another; and owner perceptions of causal factors. Methods: An initial postal survey queried the number and breed of crib‐biting horses and if a horse began after being exposed to a horse with this habit. In a follow‐up survey, a volunteer subset of owners was asked the number of affected and nonaffected horses of each breed and the extent of conspecific contact. The likelihood of crib‐biting given breed and extent of contact was quantified using odds ratio (OR) and significance of the association was assessed using the Chi‐squared test. Results: Overall prevalence was 4.4%. Thoroughbreds were the breed most affected (13.3%). Approximately half of owners believed environmental factors predominantly cause the condition (54.4%) and crib‐biting is learned by observation (48.8%). However, only 1.0% of horses became affected after being exposed to a crib‐biter. The majority (86%) of horses was turned out in the same pasture with other horses and extent of contact with conspecifics was not statistically related to risk. Conclusion: This is the first study to report breed prevalence for crib‐biting in US horses. Thoroughbreds were the breed more likely to be affected. More owners believed either environmental conditions were a predominant cause or a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the behaviour. Only a small number of horses reportedly began to crib‐bite after being exposed to an affected individual, but approximately half of owners considered it to be a learned behaviour; most owners did not isolate affected horses. Potential relevance: Genetic predisposition, not just intensive management conditions and surroundings, may be a factor in the high crib‐biting prevalence in some breeds, and warrants further investigation. Little evidence exists to suggest horses learn the behaviour from other horses, and isolation may cause unnecessary stress.     

Animal medical genetics: a perspective on the epidemiology and control of inherited disorders

This perspective considers genetic disorders of domestic animal populations, in particular their epidemiology and control. Inherited disorders of animals share the same basic molecular biology as those of human beings, but they differ in their epidemiology due largely to the breed structure of the various species, human control of breeding and a greater influence of the founder effect, particularly due to extensive use of a limited number of sires, and inbreeding. Control of genetic disorders in animals is also more practical through extensive screening for disease, or heterozygous animals within defined breed populations, followed by exclusion of affected or carrier animals from breeding. This is assisted by the fact that, within a breed, many inherited monogenic disorders are associated with a single mutation. However some of the more important disorders may be inherited in a non-Mendelian manner, being influenced by multiple genes as well as environmental factors. These aspects are discussed and contrasted with similar aspects in human medical genetics.     

Genetic differences in the frequency of the hinge variants of porcine IgA is breed dependent

The distribution of the IgA(a) and IgA(b) alleles of porcine IgA in over 160 randomly-selected animals revealed an abundance of heterozygotes but only two b/b homozygotes. Since the IgA(b) allotype is a splice site mutant lacking two-thirds of the hinge, this study tests the hypothesis that pigs with this genotype may be at a selective disadvantage while heterozygous individuals may be at some advantage.This hypothesis was tested by collecting data on 374 animals of known breed and often parentage. We show here that when breed was not considered, young animals of known parentage had genotypic frequencies identical to that expected for Mendelian alleles but that a/b heterozygotes were overrepresented in adults. However, when analyzed with regard to breed, a very strong association between breed and the frequency of the IgA(a) and IgA(b) alleles was discovered. Meishan and NIH minipigs were homozygous for IgA while heterozygotes predominated in Berkshire, Chester White, Durocs, Hampshire and Landrace. Animals homozygous for IgA(b) were best represented in the White Cross line. We show here that this very strong breed dependency of IgA allotypy in swine can produce a sample bias that can explain why only two b/b homozygotes (1.3%) were found in the 160 randomly-selected samples since the original samples came from primarily Landrace and Yorkshire animals. The expected frequency of b/b homozygotes in these breeds would be <3%. Thus, the data presented here reject the hypothesis that swine homozygous for a trait that results in loss of two-thirds of the IgA hinge, are selected against and that heterozygotes are positively selected. Rather, the study shows that IgA(a) and IgA(b) appear to be simple, breed-dependent allotypic markers.