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1.
球虫强毒活苗是直接从自然发病的病鸡体内或粪便中收集球虫混合卵囊,然后采用单卵囊分离法纯化球虫,并按一定比例混合,配以适当的稳定剂,即组成强毒活苗。Edgar(1952)在4-10日龄通过饮水或拌料给鸡接种含有8种鸡球虫的混合孢子化卵囊(即世界上第一种商品化球虫苗——Coccivac),  相似文献   

2.
鸡球虫病是肉仔鸡的一种最常见的寄生虫病。通常采用抗球虫药物防治能有效控制。但随着抗球虫药物的广泛、大剂量、长期应用,引起了耐药虫株的广泛产生、药物残留和停药易复发等问题,引起了全世界的警觉。球虫苗免疫预防球虫病具有效果确实、操作简单、一次免疫终身保护、费用低、生产性能不受影响、饲料中不需添加抗球虫药等优点。随着绿色畜牧业的到来,使用球虫苗免疫预防鸡球虫病是大势所趋。1鸡球虫苗的免疫机理艾美耳球虫在肠道的发育能使宿主迅速产生免疫应答,保护宿主免受同种球虫的再次侵袭。接种一定数量(约几千个)的球虫疫苗(强毒…  相似文献   

3.
强效艾美耳鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型的田间试验   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
索勋  汪明 《畜牧兽医学报》2001,32(3):265-269
本文报道了强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗I型对AA肉用仔鸡的田间免疫效果,马杜霉素或地克珠利作为对照药物,另一组以不用任何制球虫药物作为对照,实验显示,与马杜霉素相比,使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗I型后,AA肉用仔鸡在增重,饲料效率和成活率方面的优势,与地克球利相比,使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗I型后,AA肉用仔鸡在增重和饲料效率方面,效果相当,但成活率高1%,与不用抗球虫药物组相比,使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗I型后,鸡群在增重,饲料效率,成活率方面,均有显著优势。  相似文献   

4.
鸡球虫病的防治长期以来仍依赖于抗球虫药的应用,由于球虫极易产生耐药性,球虫耐药性的越来越突出,给球虫病的防治带来困扰。本文从防治鸡球虫病的药物,鸡球虫耐药性主要特点、产生机制,及鸡球虫病的药物防治方法等方面做一综述。  相似文献   

5.
鸡细胞因子抗球虫作用的研究概述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鸡球虫病的防治至今还主要依靠药物,但药物残留、球虫易产生耐药性和药物成本高等问题一直难以解决.免疫预防是摆脱这些问题的一个途径,但因球虫基因组庞大,生活史复杂,抗原复杂,无论使用强毒苗、弱毒苗还是基因工程苗,免疫预防的效果还不理想.近二十多年来,随着鸡细胞因子的种类及其功能的不断发现[1],它们在抗球虫方面的作用也引起研究者们的重视.……  相似文献   

6.
鸡球虫病主要依靠药物防治的结果日益背离人们对食品卫生和环保的要求 ,且药物防治增加了饲养成本 ,而免疫预防可以避免这些弊端。对于球虫病免疫的研究 ,科学工作者们做了不懈的努力 ,但由于球虫与细菌、病毒相比 ,其基因组庞大 ,生活史复杂 ,抗原复杂 ,无论采用强毒苗、弱毒苗还是基因工程苗免疫 ,仍然存在效果欠佳或免疫方法难以实施等缺点。如何增强抗球虫的免疫效果是采用免疫预防研究中的一个重要课题。近十几年来 ,细胞因子和其他免疫调节剂对增强鸡抗球虫免疫的研究已有不少报道 ,现对此做个简要综述。1 鸡细胞因子对球虫免疫的调…  相似文献   

7.
强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型的田间试验   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
本文报道了强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型对AA肉用仔鸡的田间免疫效果,马杜霉素或地克珠利作为对照药物;另一组以不用任何抗球虫药物作为对照。实验显示,与马杜霉素相比,使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型后,AA肉用仔鸡在增重、饲料效率和成活率方面的优势;与地克珠利相比,使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型后,AA肉用仔鸡在增重和饲料效率方面,效果相当,但成活率高1%;与不用抗球虫药物组相比,使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型后,鸡群在增重、饲料效率、成活率方面,均有显著优势。  相似文献   

8.
鸡球虫耐药性的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
长期以来,人们对鸡球虫病的防治以药物控制为主要手段,但是大量抗球虫药的长期使用,导致了鸡球虫耐药性的产生,给鸡球虫病的防治带来严重的障碍,通过对鸡球虫耐药性的产生、作用机理、主要特点、耐药性的检测方法、球虫耐药性虫株的诱导以及对耐药性虫株敏感性的恢复等方面的研究,进一步提出对鸡球虫耐药性的展望,为消除球虫的耐药性,更好地防治鸡球虫病提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
鸡球虫病是由艾美耳属的一种或多种球虫寄生于鸡肠上皮细胞内所引起的寄生虫病,几乎所有鸡场都存在本病。养鸡业对球虫病的防治一直是以药物为主。由于球虫很容易产生抗药性,必须经常更换抗球虫药。此外,应用药物防治球虫病会产生药物残留,食用有残留抗球虫药物的鸡肉会影响人体健康。由于球虫的抗药性日趋严重,从而导致了近年来人们对使用球虫疫苗感兴趣。为了提高养鸡生产的经济效益,我们采用球虫苗预防鸡球虫病,通过3批鸡的效果观察,我们认为DLV疫苗可以取代抗球虫药。现将试验结果报告如下。-.材料与方法1试验材料和动物分…  相似文献   

10.
柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)是球虫病爆发中致病性最强的虫种之一,主要侵害鸡的盲肠,通过裂殖体在盲肠上皮细胞大量增殖破坏肠黏膜,引起肠管发炎和上皮细胞崩解,鸡排血便甚至死亡,给养鸡业带来巨大的经济损失。目前,对该病的防治主要有药物防治法和疫苗防治法,其中用疫苗来预防鸡球虫病的发生是既科学又经济的方法,具有良好的发展前景。现在国内外研制、开发的鸡球虫病疫苗有强毒株虫苗、弱毒株虫苗和球虫基因工程苗等。  相似文献   

11.
柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟耐药株对几种抗球虫药的敏感性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探讨鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟耐药株对常用抗球虫药的敏感性,采用尼卡巴嗪、氯苯胍、球痢灵、地克珠利和常山酮5种抗球虫药,对由晋球1号球虫疫苗虫株复制的病鸡进行防治试验,通过相对卵囊产量(ROP)、相对增重率、抗球虫指数(ACI)、病变记分减少率(RLS)和最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)5项指标进行综合评定.结果表明,柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟耐药株对盐酸氯苯胍无抗药性,对地克珠利有轻度抗药性,对常山酮、球痢灵、尼卡巴嗪有部分抗药性,它们的抗球虫指数为187.46~246.75,达到了抗球虫效果.  相似文献   

12.
The efficacy and economic benefits of Supercox, a live anticoccidial vaccine were examined and compared with an anticoccidial drug in a trial in broiler chickens under modern commercial conditions in China. In total, 40,660 chickens were used in the present study, half of which were vaccinated with the Supercox vaccine comprising a precocious line of Eimeria tenella and non-attenuated lines of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina, and the other half were medicated with Diclazuril delivered as feed additive at the dosage of 1mg/kg of feed. The vaccine was administered orally to 7-day-old chickens. No clinical diseases were diagnosed in any of the vaccinated birds. However, clinical coccidiosis occurred in a large proportion of medicated control birds and these chickens had to be treated with anticoccidial drugs (Diclazuril and Toltrazuril). Comparison of production performance between vaccinated birds and medicated control birds revealed that the vaccine Supercox performed better than anticoccidial drugs in terms of mortalities, costs and overall economic benefits (profits). These findings demonstrated that the use of the Supercox vaccine could control clinical coccidiosis in broilers and achieve production performance superior to that using anticoccidial drugs, particularly where drug resistance might result in failure to control clinical diseases.  相似文献   

13.
鸡球虫微囊型口服疫苗免疫效果的初步研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
应用本研究室研制的微囊型口服鸡球虫疫苗,通过拌料口服免疫法,测定了微囊型口服鸡球虫疫苗不同免疫次数的免疫效果.实验结果表明:经两次拌料口服免疫的鸡只在实验性攻虫后,其发病率、死亡率、病变记分、血便记分、料肉比等各项指标均低于一次免疫组和感染对照组,说明在免疫两次后鸡机体对鸡球虫产生了较好的免疫力,有了明显的抵抗鸡球虫的能力,而只免疫一次的鸡只较免疫两次的鸡只抗鸡球虫的能力弱.微囊型口服鸡球虫疫苗使用方便,易于在生产中推广使用.  相似文献   

14.
Anticoccidial vaccine and an anticoccidial drug rotation program were compared to determine which program was more effective in producing coccidia populations sensitive of 1 ppm diclazuril. The study used an anticoccidial drug-sensitivity battery test (AST) to determine the baseline level of diclazuril sensitivity to field isolates of Eimeria spp. from seven broiler complexes that had used diclazuril. Based on percentage reduction in weight gain and lesion scores, 25% or fewer of the isolates were effectively controlled by diclazuril. Following the baseline sampling, four of the complexes switched to a nondiclazuril in-feed anticoccidial drug program and three of the complexes switched to a vaccination program for two broiler grow-out cycles as the sole coccidiosis-control program. This study demonstrated that the vaccine used (Coccivac-B) contained anticoccidial drug-sensitive strains. Eimeria isolates were subsequently collected from the identical houses and diclazuril AST results were compared with the baseline AST results. Following the two grow-out cycles, sensitivity of the isolates to diclazuril from the four complexes that continued to use in-feed anticoccidial drugs remained essentially unchanged. The isolates from the three complexes that switched to the vaccination program demonstrated a marked increase in diclazuril sensitivity, with 60%-100% of the isolates from each complex effectively controlled by diclazuril. Vaccination with the anticoccidial drug-sensitive strains produced a measurable increase in the level of sensitivity to diclazuril.  相似文献   

15.
兔球虫病是家兔最常见、危害最严重的疾病之一,国内外多采用抗球虫药物对兔球虫病进行预防和治疗。目前为止,我国还没有研制出商品化的兔球虫疫苗,国内外仅有少部分学者开展了兔球虫病疫苗的研究工作。主要对兔球虫疫苗活虫苗、亚单位苗、基因工程苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为兔球虫疫苗的相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
Coccidiosis in chickens is a parasitic disease with great economic significance, which has been controlled successfully for decades using mainly anticoccidial products. However, large-scale and long-term use of anticoccidial drugs has led to the worldwide development of resistance against all these drugs. In order to minimize the occurrence of resistance, the rotation of various anticoccidial drugs in single and/or shuttle programmes is used. Unfortunately, this has not solved the anticoccidial resistance problem. Recently, live anticoccidial vaccines have been incorporated into rotation programmes, resulting in an increasing incidence of anticoccidial drug-sensitive Eimeria spp. field isolates, which may ameliorate the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs. Nevertheless, possible upcoming bans restricting the use of anticoccidials as feed additives, consumer concerns on residues and increasing regulations have prompted the quest for alternative coccidiosis control strategies. Although management and biosecurity measures could halt the introduction of Eimeria spp. to a farm, in practice they do not suffice to prevent coccidiosis outbreaks. Phytotherapy, aromatherapy and pre- and probiotics either show conflicting, non-consistent or non-convincing results, and have therefore not been applied at a large scale in the field. So far, live attenuated and non-attenuated anticoccidial vaccines have proved to be the most solid and successful coccidiosis prevention and control strategy. Despite the drawbacks associated with their production and use, their popularity is increasing. If with time, the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines can be improved, they could represent the next generation of highly efficient and low-cost anticoccidial strategies.  相似文献   

17.
Coccidiosis was the major parasitic disease in chickens and caused huge losses in poultry industry. The approach of anti-chicken coccidiosis was medication, but the resistance strains were emerged after mass and long term used medication, environmental pollution was severe, so anticoccidial vaccine became the first method for anti-chicken coccidiosis. Cytokines as immunoadjuvant could enhance specific immunity response of vaccine, and had a crucial role in parasite vaccine's research.This paper summarized the research progress on mechanisms of action and application of cytokine against chicken coccidiosis.  相似文献   

18.
鸡球虫病是严重危害养禽业的重要寄生虫病之一,长期以来对其防治主要依靠药物,近年来因耐药虫株不断出现,尤其是药物残留对环境的污染及其对人类健康的威胁等一系列问题日益突出,药物在鸡球虫病控制中的使用越来越受到限制。许多学者认为通过免疫方法对鸡球虫病进行防治已是大势所趋,然而由于人们对鸡体抗球虫的免疫应答过程一直不很清楚,限制了免疫学方法在抗球虫方面的应用和发展。文章综述了近年来对鸡球虫免疫原性,宿主免疫应答尤其是肠道黏膜免疫在抗球虫中的作用及球虫疫苗的研究等方面的进展,相信随着分子生物学等技术的发展,免疫预防球虫病将会有更广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

19.
Fifty years of anticoccidial vaccines for poultry (1952-2002)   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Williams RB 《Avian diseases》2002,46(4):775-802
Although earlier investigators experimented with anticoccidial vaccines, the world's first commercially successful product was developed by Prof S. A. Edgar of Auburn University, Auburn, AL. This product contained live, nonattenuated Eimeria tenella oocysts and was first marketed by Dorn and Mitchell, Inc., in 1952. Under the trade names of DM Cecal Coccidiosis Vaccine, Coxine, NObiCOX, and CocciVac, it went through several formulations containing various Eimeria species that parasitize chickens, and a further product containing turkey Eimeria species was also developed. After many product and company changes, one turkey and two chicken formulations of CocciVac are still marketed worldwide by Schering-Plough Animal Health, Inc. Chicken and turkey formulations of Immucox, a similar type of vaccine, were developed by Dr. E.-H. Lee and first marketed in 1985 in Canada by Vetech Laboratories, Inc. In 1974, Dr. T. K. Jeffers of Hess and Clark, Inc., Ashland, OH, published his discovery of precocious lines of coccidia, which facilitated the development of the first attenuated anticoccidial vaccine. For commercial reasons, Jeffers was unable to do this himself, but this first attenuated vaccine was designed by Dr. M. W. Shirley and colleagues at the Houghton Poultry Research Station (HPRS) in the United Kingdom. The vaccine was commercially developed under license in the United Kingdom by Glaxo Animal Health Ltd. and then Pitman-Moore, Inc., and launched in The Netherlands during 1989 under the trade name Paracox. After further changes in company ownership, two formulations for chickens are now marketed worldwide by Schering-Plough Animal Health, Inc. Attenuation of coccidia by embryo adaptation was reported in 1972 in the United Kingdom by Dr. P. L. Long, who originally worked at the HPRS and later became a professor at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA. An embryo-adapted line of E. tenella was included with precocious lines of other species in a series of three attenuated vaccines for chickens under the trade name Livacox, developed by Dr. P. Bedrník and launched in the Czech Republic in 1992 by Biopharm. The formulations of all other commercially available live anticoccidial vaccines for poultry are currently based upon the scientific principles established for the CocciVac, Paracox or Livacox vaccines.  相似文献   

20.
鸡Eimeria tenella致弱虫苗的实验研究及田间试验   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对双重致弱球虫疫苗(DLV虫苗)进行了实验室的安全试验。通过对380羽3日龄小鸡的3批毒力测定,强毒虫株2.5×10~4接种小鸡,死亡率均超过50%;DLV虫苗2.5×10~4剂量接种3批小鸡,未见明显临床表现。在鸡体连续5次传代,也未出现明显返强现象。通过对260羽3日龄小鸡的3批免疫试验证明,DLV虫苗对10×10~5强毒株的攻击有100%的保护率。又用ELISA法测定抗体效价消长发现,免疫后7周左右抗体效价达高峰,至14周抗体效价仍可保持在一定高度,足以对再感染具有保护力。该虫苗易于保存,一般在4℃可保存6个月以上,仍有良好的免疫效果。通过在上海、浙江、江苏、安徽等地区的田问试验,发现免疫鸡的平均发病率为2.8%,死亡率为0.48%。常规用药鸡平均发病率为11.8%,死亡率为2.9%。空白对照鸡(不用苗,不用药)平均发病率为80%,死亡率为28%(经及时抢救治疗减少了死亡率)。免疫鸡比常规用药鸡节省耗药费用0.20元/羽。在大批量扩大免疫试验中,对24,800羽鸡用苗后的平均保护率可达99.66%,死亡率为0.34%,效果十分显著。通过实验室和现场应用试验,证明DLV虫苗可靠、安全、稳定,且有高度免疫原性和足够的抗体水平及免疫期。  相似文献   

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