2株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对5种抗球虫药的抗药性

选择130只21日龄雏鸡，研究了柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E.tenella)南京株和凤阳株对地克珠利（Diclazuril)、马杜霉毒（Maduramicin)、氯羟吡啶（Clopidol)、氯苯胍（Robenidine)和氨丙啉（Amprolium)的抗药性。试验鸡随机分成13组，其中每株球虫均设5个感染用药组，1个感染不用药组，另设1个不感染不用药组，每组10只鸡。以POAA，RLS，ROP，ACI作为指标。结果表明，2株柔嫩艾美耳球虫均对氨丙啉轻度抗药，对地克珠利敏感或轻度抗药，对氯羟吡啶中度抗药。对马杜霉和氯苯胍中度抗药或安全抗药。提示：目前在凤阳地区可合理地使用地克珠利和氨丙啉，对氯羟哟啶应慎用，对马杜霉素和氯苯胍须减少或暂停使用。     

秦皇岛株和唐山株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对5种抗球虫药的抗药性检测

目的为检测柔嫩艾美耳球虫秦皇岛株和唐山株株对氯羟吡啶、氨丙啉、马杜霉素、地克珠利和尼卡巴嗪等5种抗球虫药的抗药性。方法选择280只14日龄雏鸡,随机分成14组,其中每株球虫均设5个感染用药组,1个感染不用药组,1个不感染不用药组,每组20只,以POAA、RLS、ROP、ACI作为指标。结果秦皇岛株对所选的5种抗球虫药物均产生不同程度的抗药性,而唐山株对氯羟吡啶、马杜霉素和地克珠利有不同程度的抗药性,对氨丙啉和尼卡巴嗪无抗药性。其中在这5种抗球虫药物中,秦皇岛株和唐山株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对地克珠利均呈现完全抗药性。结论目前地克珠利在秦皇岛和唐山两地区须减少或暂停使用。     

鸡球虫广东清远分离株对七种药物的抗药性试验

为了了解广东清远某鸡场球虫抗药性的产生程度,并制定出合理的用药方案,给延长药物的使用周期提供科学的依据,我们从该鸡场现场采集了新鲜粪便,实验室分离和繁殖卵囊,并在实验室进行球虫的抗药性研究.经检测粪中含堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)和变位艾美耳球虫(E.mtvati)共81.3%,柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)18.7%.试验选择目前常用的7种抗球虫药物,分别为球佳(地克珠利Diclazuril)、杜球(马杜拉霉素Madu-ramicin)、欲可胖(莫能菌素Monensin)、球安(拉沙里霉素Lasalocid)、氨丙啉(Amprolian)、球克(海南霉素Hainan-mycm)、氯苯胍(Robenidine).试验设7个药物组和感染不用药、不感染不用药2个对照组,每组10只鸡.在15日龄,除不感染不用药组外,每组接种孢子化卵囊12×104个.以抗球虫指数(ACI)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)、最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)为试验指标,进行综合评定.结果显示鸡球虫广东清远株对球佳为轻度抗药,对杜球、欲可胖、球安、氨丙啉为完全抗药,对球克、氯苯胍为中度抗药.     

柔嫩艾美球虫常州株对5种抗球虫药的抗药性分析

将柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)常州分离株感染14日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,设立5个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以相对卵囊产量、病变记分减少率、最适抗球虫百分数和抗球虫指数为指标对该虫株对球虫宁、地克珠利、马杜霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪、癸氧喹酯5种常用抗球虫药的抗药性进行了综合评定,分析了该地区球虫的抗药性及用药对策。结果表明,该虫株对癸氧喹酯敏感,对球虫宁、地克珠利、马杜霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪具有完全抗药性,提示目前常州地区球虫抗药性非常严重,癸氧喹酯抗球虫疗效最好,其他药物应合理使用、应慎用、减少或暂停使用。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫交叉抗药性试验

以雏鸡为试验对象,以抗球虫指数(ACI)为判断指标,检测5 mg/kg马杜霉素,70 mg/kg盐霉素,1 mg/kg 地克珠利对抗盐霉素株、抗地克珠利株和实验室保存的敏感株的控制效果。结果表明,马杜霉素对3 个虫株都有很好的抑杀效果,地克珠利也可有效地控制抗盐霉素株,同时,盐霉素也可有效地控制抗地克珠利株,说明盐霉素和地克珠利2种药物之间没有交叉抗药性。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫YL株抗药性研究

用柔嫩艾美耳球虫杨凌株 ( YL t)对 1 4日龄雏鸡进行感染 ,检测了该虫株对 4种常用抗球虫药 (马杜拉霉素、地克珠利、克球粉和氯苯胍 )的敏感性。以最适抗球虫活性百分率、抗球虫指数、相对卵囊产量和病变记分减少率为指标 ,进行综合评定 ,其抗药程度分为无抗药性、轻度抗药性、中度抗药性和完全抗药性 4个等级。结果表明 ,该虫株对马杜拉霉素有轻度抗药性 ,对地克株利有完全抗药性 ,对克球粉和氯苯胍无抗药性。     

不同种类抗球虫药对常见鸡球虫效果的评价试验

比较 8种三类抗球虫药地克珠利、马杜霉素、克球粉、通扬球精、氯苯胍、中药复方 1组、中药复方 2组、中药复方 3组对石河子地区鸡场常见的柔嫩艾美耳球虫 6× 10 4 个感染量的作用效果。结果表明 ,以上 8种抗球虫药拌料饲喂组和感染不用药组对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的抗球虫指数 (ACI)分别为 188.6 5、176 .98、15 1.97、174 .6 2、14 8.83、187.0 8、16 9.90、178.6 5和 82 .5 3。表明地克珠利和中药复方 1组有较好的抗球虫效力 ,马杜霉素、通扬球精、中药复方 2组、中药复方 3组有中等程度的抗球虫效力 ,克球粉和氯苯胍抗球虫效力较弱。     

广东省鸡球虫的抗药性研究进展

文章分析了广东省不同地区分离的柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella) 对球净，地克珠利，氯羟吡啶，球痢灵，氯苯胍和氨丙啉等6种化学合成抗球虫药和马杜拉霉素，盐霉素，拉沙霉素和森杜拉霉素等4种抗生素类抗球虫药的抗药性的现状，80％以上虫株仅对1种或2种药物敏感；各虫株至少对2种药物抗药，且80％以上虫株同时对4种或4种以上药物抗药。E.tenella野外分离株对抗生素类抗球虫药的抗药性要比对化学合成类药物的抗药性相对严重得多，部分虫株对早期上市的一些化学药物如氯苯胍，球痢灵等敏感，说明如果基于药物敏感性试验，有限制地使用这些药物会取得较好效果，在此基础上，重点对我省球虫病的药物防制对策进行了讨论并提出了合理用药原则和方案。     

秦皇岛地区鸡球虫抗药性研究

应用艾维茵肉仔鸡，以最适抗球虫活性百分率（POAA）、病变记分减少率（RLS）和相对卵囊产量（ROP）为判定指标，检测了采自河北省秦皇岛地区的6种艾美耳球虫对8种常用抗球虫药物的敏感性。结果表明：6种混合艾美耳球虫对马杜霉素和盐霉素具有轻度抗药性；对拉沙洛菌素和氨丙淋具有中度抗药性；对球痢灵、克球多和常山酮具有重度抗药性；对地克珠利无抗药性。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫扬州分离株对8种抗球虫药的抗药性

将柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)扬州分离株感染14日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,设立8个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以相对卵囊产量、病变记分减少率、最适抗球虫百分数和抗球虫指数为指标对该虫株对盐霉素、马杜拉霉素、球痢灵、氯羟吡啶、氨丙啉、尼卡巴嗪、甲基三嗪酮、地克珠利等8种常用抗球虫药的抗药性进行了综合评定,分析了该地区球虫的抗药性及对策。结果表明,该虫株对甲基三嗪酮敏感,对氨丙啉具有中度抗药性,对盐霉素、马杜拉霉素、球痢灵、氯羟吡啶、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利等其他6种药物具有完全抗药性。提示目前在扬州地区甲基三嗪酮抗球虫疗效最好,氨丙琳效果稍差,应合理使用,盐霉素等其他6种药物应慎用、减少或暂停使用。     

上海地区鸡球虫对6种抗球虫药的抗药程度研究

为了解上海地区的鸡球虫抗药性状况,作者采集了上海市9个区县10个鸡场的球虫,进行了对地克珠利（Diclazuril)、氯苯胍（Robenidine)、氯羟吡啶（Clopidol)、氨丙啉（Amprolium)、马杜拉霉素（Maduramicin)、莫能霉素（Monensin)的抗药性研究。试验设6个药物组和感染不用药、不感染不用药2个对照组,以抗球虫指数（ACI）、病变记分减少率（RLS）、相对卵囊产量（ROP）、最适抗球虫活性百分率（POAA）为试验指标,进行综合评定,其抗药程度分为无抗药性、轻度抗药性、中度抗药性、完全抗药性4个等级。结果显示来自10个鸡场的球虫中,对地克珠利有90％未产生抗药性,对氯苯胍有90％为无抗药性和轻度抗药,对驻杜拉霉素有50％为无抗药性和轻度抗药,对氯羟吡啶有80％达到完全抗药,对氨丙啉有90％达到中度和完全抗药,对莫能霉素则全部达到中度以上的抗药程度,作者认为目前在上海地区以放心地理合理使用地克珠利和氯苯胍,对马杜拉霉素要慎使用,对氯羟吡啶、氨丙啉、莫能霉素须减少或暂停使用。     

巨型艾美耳球虫和柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟株对8种抗球虫药的敏感试验

为检测巨型艾美耳球虫和柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟株对常用抗球虫药的敏感性,选用地克珠利、氯苯胍、二硝托胺、癸氧喹酯、尼卡巴嗪、马杜米星、盐霉素和拉沙洛西等8种抗球虫药进行鸡体试验,通过抗球虫活性百分比（percent of optimum anticoccidial aetivity,POAA）、病变记分减少率（reduction of lesion scores,RLS）、相对卵囊产量（relative oocyst production,ROP）和抗球虫指数（anticoccidial index,ACI）4项指标进行综合评价。结果表明,巨型艾美耳球虫早熟株对8种药物敏感;柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟株对盐霉素轻度敏感,对地克珠利、氯苯胍、二硝托胺、癸氧喹酯、尼卡巴嗪、马杜米星和拉沙洛西敏感。本研究结果可为对球虫早熟株疫苗的开发与应用提供实验依据。     

Efficacy of decoquinate against drug sensitive laboratory strains of Eimeria tenella and field isolates of Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in China

The efficacy of decoquinate against Eimeria infections in broiler chickens was evaluated using two drug sensitive laboratory strains of Eimeria tenella and 20 field isolates of Eimeria spp. collected from farms in China where various anticoccidials (including maduramicin) had been used. Decoquinate (20-40 ppm in feed) and maduramicin (5 ppm) were efficacious against E. tenella laboratory strains, but decoquinate more so than maduramicin. Body weight gains of E. tenella infected chickens were significantly improved, and caecal lesions were prevented, by feeding either decoquinate or maduramicin. Decoquinate also prevented oocyst production, but maduramicin did not. Most (18/20) Eimeria field isolates were resistant to maduramicin, judged by oocyst production; decoquinate at > or =20 ppm completely controlled all 20 field isolates. Decoquinate has potential value as a broiler anticoccidial in China and other countries where it has not been previously used.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利抗药株的实验室诱导

采用药物浓度递增法,以0．07mg／L地克珠利为起始诱导浓度连续传代,以最适抗球虫指数（POAA）、病变记分减少率（RLS）和相对卵囊产量（ROP）3项指标综合判定抗药性。经12次传代,该诱导虫株对1．5mg／L地克珠利具有完全抵抗力。试验结果表明,用实验室方法诱导柔嫩艾美耳球虫抗药株完全可行。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫对四种抗球虫药的交叉抗药性试验

为了测试柔嫩艾美耳球虫的４种抗药虫株（抗地克珠利、抗拉沙里菌素、抗盐霉素和抗克球粉虫株）对４种抗球虫药（地克珠利、拉沙里菌素、盐霉素和克球粉）的敏感性进行了本试验。结果表明：柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利抗药虫株对拉沙里菌素、盐霉素和克球粉均表现敏感,拉沙里菌素抗药虫株、盐霉素抗药虫株和克球粉抗药虫株对地克珠利也表现为高度敏感,因此,柔嫩艾美耳球虫对地克珠利与拉沙里菌素、地克珠利与盐霉素、地克珠利与克球粉３组药物不存在交叉抗药性。     

堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株对常用抗球虫药的敏感性测定

The study was aimed to explore the sensitivity of Eimeria acervulina （E.acervulina） precocious strain to some common anticoccidials (diclazuril, toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, maduramicin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline). The sensitivity of E.acervulina precocious strain to 9 kinds anticoccidials was assessed by using 4 indices: anticoccidial activity percentage (POAA), reduction of lesion scores (RLS), relative oocyst production (ROP) and anticoccidial index (ACI). The results of these sensitivity trials indicated that the four indices POAA, RLS, ROP and ACI of groups toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline were all negative; the ROP index of diclazuril group was positive, the other three indices were negative. The ROP and ACI indices of maduramicin group were positive, the other two indices were negative. The results showed that the Eimeria acervulina precocious strain was sensitive to diclazuril, toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline, it was partly sensitive to maduramicin.     

Higher incidence of Eimeria spp. field isolates sensitive for diclazuril and monensin associated with the use of live coccidiosis vaccination with paracox-5 in broiler farms

Twenty European Eimeria spp. field isolates were subjected to an anticoccidial sensitivity test (AST). The anticoccidial drugs tested were diclazuril (Clinacox) and monensin (Elancoban). The assay was performed in a battery cage trial. Infected medicated birds were compared with an unmedicated control group. Coccidial lesion scores and oocyst shedding were used as parameters. The results of the AST show that resistance is common amongst coccidiosis field isolates, especially Eimeria acervulina (68% and 53% resistance for diclazuril and monensin, respectively). Resistance is less frequent amongst Eimeria maxima (38% and 50% resistance for diclazuril and monensin, respectively) and Eimeria tenella isolates (23% and 38% resistance for diclazuril and monensin, respectively). A highly significant influence of the coccidiosis prevention program (live coccidiosis vaccination with Paracox-5 vs. anticoccidial drugs in feed) on the sensitivity patterns of Eimeria spp. field isolates for both diclazuril (P= 0.000) and monensin (P= 0.001) was found. Further, when looking at the single species and each anticoccidial drug level, significantly more sensitivity of E. acervulina for monensin (P= 0.018), E. maxima for diclazuril (P = 0.009), and E. tenella for diclazuril (P = 0.007) was found in isolates originating from vaccinated flocks. Moreover, for E. acervulina and diclazuril, E. maxima and monensin, and E. tenella and monensin a trend toward higher sensitivity of isolates for these products was found when live coccidiosis vaccination was applied. The present study shows that sensitivity for the anticoccidial drugs diclazuril and monensin is more frequent in Eimeria spp. field isolates originating from broiler farms where a coccidiosis vaccination policy is followed.