鸡新城疫-禽流感二联灭活疫苗免疫不同日龄商品肉鸡的效果比较

使用鸡新城疫-禽流感（H9N2 HP株）二联灭活疫苗分别免疫3、7、14日龄三组商品肉鸡各40羽,同时设一组空白对照组。各免疫组及对照组于3、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄采血检测新城疫、禽流感抗体,于21、28、35日龄进行禽流感病毒攻毒,对比不同日龄免疫组的抗体消涨情况及不同日龄禽流感攻毒结果。发现对照组随鸡日龄增加,新城疫与禽流感抗体逐渐下降,在42日龄时下降至0,而不同免疫组新城疫与禽流感抗体均先下降,21日龄左右开始上升,至35日龄新城疫与禽流感抗体升至6log2以上。3日龄免疫组的禽流感免疫保护效果最好,21、28、35日龄时禽流感强毒攻毒保护率均达100%;7日龄免疫组在21、35日龄时禽流感强毒攻毒保护率均达100%,28日龄时禽流感强毒攻毒保护率达70%;14日龄免疫组在28、35日龄时禽流感强毒攻毒保护率均达100%,21日龄时禽流感强毒攻毒保护率只达30%。试验表明,商品肉鸡选择3日龄免疫鸡新城疫-禽流感（H9N2 HP株）二联灭活疫苗时禽流感免疫保护效果最好,采用3日龄免疫程序可以提高新城疫与禽流感的免疫保护效果,减少养殖业的经济损失。     

多肽菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标、血清抗体水平及免疫器官指数的影响

试验旨在研究多肽菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标、血清抗体水平及免疫器官指数的影响,以验证多肽菌素提高肉鸡机体免疫力的能力。4万只1日龄科宝500肉雏鸡随机分为2组,即试验组和对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复5 000只。对照组按原有免疫和用药程序7日龄、14日龄及21日龄均进行新城疫和禽流感疫苗免疫;试验组鸡只在7日龄时进行新城疫和禽流感疫苗免疫,并在13~15日龄饲喂添加多肽菌素(400 g/t)的日粮,20~22日龄饲喂添加多肽菌素(300 g/t)的日粮。试验期28 d。结果显示:试验组28日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、球蛋白与白蛋白比值(球/白)分别比对照组提高10.75%、15.17%、11.45%,谷草转氨酶活性比对照组提高6.23%,差异显著(P0.05);试验组肉鸡新城疫病毒抗体效价比对照组提高19.89%,差异显著(P0.05),禽流感病毒抗体效价比对照组提高6.97%,差异显著(P0.05);试验组肉鸡脾脏指数比对照组提高17.05%,差异显著(P0.05),试验组胸腺指数比对照组提高11.89%,差异显著(P0.05)。研究表明:肉鸡日粮添加多肽菌素,可以显著改善血清生化指标,提高机体抗体水平及免疫器官指数。     

肉鸡添加中草药复方双黄散防病增效试验

我们为提高养鸡防病增效为目的,于2006年2～4月,用自制中草药“双黄散”作添加剂,在100只AA肉鸡中作对比试验,其结果,试验组1～50日龄成活率 15.8%,降低腹水症死亡率35%。1～40日龄增重率 12%,耗料比-0.11,饲料转化率 9.4%,降低耗料成本7.6%,投入产出比为1:3.5,效益显著,符合低投入高产出。1材料与方法1.1试验鸡选用1日龄A A鸡100只,随机分设试验组、对照组各60只、40只,分别在通风、透光、干燥楼房中,红外线保温育雏条件下平地饲养,任其自由采食颗粒饲料及饮水。1.2疫苗二组均在10日龄时分别用新城疫法氏囊疫苗饮水免疫,25日龄肌注禽流感…     

禽流感灭活苗不同免疫程序对抗体消长的影响

对1日龄矮D商品雏鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E和对照组共6组,每组3个重复,每个重复100只,进行禽流感H5+H9疫苗的免疫。对照组不接种,A组~E组依次采取1日龄、1日龄和10日龄、1日龄和20日龄、10日龄和20日龄(0.5mL)、10日龄和20日龄免疫接种,每次接种0.3mL。每周采血1次,采用HA-HI国标法检测H5和H9抗体水平,以研究禽流感灭活苗H5、H9不同免疫时间与剂量的抗体消长规律。结果表明,21日龄后各试验组抗体水平均极显著地高于对照组,免疫效果显著。仅进行1日龄免疫一次,其抗体水平较低,达不到免疫保护要求。20日龄增大免疫剂量有助于提高抗体滴度,禽流感灭活苗于不同时间进行免疫均能达到预期的免疫效果,免疫应采取二次免疫,免疫间隔时间不大于10d。     

不同日粮结构对京红1号蛋雏鸡生长性能及抗体水平影响的研究

为研究不同日粮结构对京红1号蛋雏鸡生长性能及抗体水平的影响，试验选用健康、体重相近的0日龄京红1号蛋雏鸡720只，随机分成2个处理组，每组360只，每组3个重复，每个重复120只，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组日粮中添加1%酵母水解物和2%超级蒸汽鱼粉，各组日粮营养水平一致，采用颗粒破碎料，试验期42 d。结果表明：试验组3周龄体重有高于对照组的趋势（P =0.092），试验组4、5、6周龄体重显著高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）|试验组5周龄平均日采食量较对照组降低2.87%，差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）。0 ～ 3周龄，试验组体增重较对照组提高1.92%，差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）|4 ～ 6周龄，试验组体增重较对照组提高1.97%，料肉比降低4.02%，差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）|0 ～ 6周龄，试验组体增重较对照组提高1.95%，料肉比降低2.79%，差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）。与对照组相比，试验组14日龄禽流感H5-Re12株、禽流感H5-Re11株、禽流感H9抗体水平分别提高6.78%、10.00%、5.63%（P ＞ 0.05）|21日龄新城疫抗体水平试验组显著高于对照组，提高41.5%（P ＜ 0.05），禽流感H5-Re12株、禽流感H5-Re11株、禽流感H7、禽流感H9的抗体水平试验组比对照组分别提高了36.9%、16.6%、17.1%、16.6%，差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）。通过添加优质鱼粉、酵母水解物，优化蛋雏鸡日粮原料组成，能够提高0 ～ 6周龄雏鸡的体重，促进雏鸡的生长发育|对雏鸡新城疫、禽流感抗体水平的提升有积极作用。 [关键词] 日粮结构|蛋雏鸡|生长性能|抗体     

重组鸡白细胞介素2对H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫增效作用研究

为研究重组鸡白细胞介素2对体液免疫的影响,将600只7日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为2组,试验组在H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫同时使用重组鸡白细胞介素2注射液,对照组只进行H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫。试验组与对照组鸡群分别于免疫后0、7、14、21、28、35 d进行鸡H9亚型禽流感病毒HI抗体的检测,并统计分析各组抗体效价的差异性。结果表明:试验组HI抗体效价均高于对照组,且在免疫后7 d试验组与对照组HI抗体效价差异极显著(P0.01),免疫后14 d、21 d试验组与对照组HI抗体效价差异显著(P0.05),试验组保护性抗体提前一周产生且抗体高峰提前一周到达。     

饲喂酸化奶对犊牛采食量、腹泻率、血清生化及免疫指标的影响

本试验以犊牛为研究对象,采用"单栏定时定量饲喂牛奶(对照组)和小群自由采食酸化奶(试验组)"两种不同饲养模式,研究不同饲养模式对犊牛采食量、腹泻率、血清生化及免疫指标的影响。结果表明:(1)在4~30日龄、31~60日龄、4~60日龄期间,试验组的液态奶平均日采食量分别比对照组高3.24%、31.24%、20.49%;(2)在4~30日龄、31~60日龄、4~60日龄期间,试验组颗粒料平均日采食量分别比对照组高190%、516.67%、600%;(3)对照组腹泻发病率和腹泻频率比试验组分别高8.33%和2.93%;(4)对照组的尿素含量和胆固醇(TC)含量比试验组分别高18.63%(P0.05)和35.76%(P0.001);各处理组间总蛋白、葡萄糖和甘油三酯均无显著差异,总蛋白60日龄比30日龄高10.30%(P0.001);葡萄糖30日龄比60日龄高8.99%(P0.05);甘油三酯30日龄比60日龄高76.61%(P0.001);(5)Ig G在处理和时间上差异均不显著。可见,饲喂酸化奶小群饲养模式能显著减少犊牛腹泻,有利于蛋白代谢和脂肪沉积,但会降低犊牛颗粒料采食量。     

樱桃谷肉鸭H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗(Re-6+Re-8)免疫程序研究

选取1日龄健康无免疫的樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,每组150只。B、C和D组在7日龄分别免疫H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗(Re-6+Re-8)0.5、0.6和0.8 m L/只。A组为非免疫对照组。采用HI方法检测其母源抗体和免疫抗体水平,根据母源抗体和免疫抗体消长规律探讨樱桃谷鸭H5NI亚型禽流感灭活疫苗(Re-6+Re-8)的合理免疫程序。结果表明:樱桃谷鸭Re-6与Re-8母源抗体效价和抗体合格率在1日龄最高,分别为7.8log2和100%、7.6log2和100%,14日龄下降至3.93 log2和53.3%、3.78 log2和50.0%,21日龄之后几乎没有保护力;3个剂量试验组免疫抗体水平和抗体合格率在统计学上差异不显著(P0.05)。建议樱桃谷肉鸭在7日龄免疫,剂量为0.5m L/只。     

水禽专用高致病性禽流感疫苗临床免疫效果初探

本研究通过对试验组水禽(鸭)免疫禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N2亚型D7株)、对照组免疫重组禽流感病毒(H5N1亚型)细胞灭活疫苗(Re-6株),在免疫前及免疫后15d、21d、36d、51d和66d分别进行免疫抗体监测及病毒核酸监测,结果显示:免疫后各试验组动物的抗体水平均显著性高于对照组(P0.05),且试验组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。试验组和对照组的免疫抗体合格率均为100%,达到合格标准。免疫后试验组和对照组的抗体水平呈逐渐上升的趋势,并在第15d可达到较高的免疫抗体,获得较强的免疫保护,其中试验组抗体水平为6.9~7.3 log2,对照组为6.2 log2。直至免疫后66d,试验组的抗体水平为8.10~8.75 log2,对照组为6.3log2。免疫前试验组和对照组抗体离散度都比较高,均在60%以上,最高可达到107.34%;免疫后抗体离散度比较低,均在30%以下。通过比较分析,禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N2亚型D7株)对水禽的免疫效果要优于重组禽流感病毒(H5N1亚型)细胞灭活疫苗(Re-6株)。     

不同日粮营养浓度对京红1号0～60日龄蛋雏鸡生产性能的影响

为研究不同日粮营养浓度对京红1号0～60日龄蛋雏鸡体重、体增重、耗料增重比、胫长、只鸡饲料成本及每千克增重成本的影响,试验选取0日龄京红1号商品代蛋雏鸡1800只,随机分为2个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复180只鸡。对照组日粮营养水平为:0～14日龄,粗蛋白质(CP)20.00%,禽代谢能(ME)12.10 MJ/kg;15～60日龄,CP 18.50%,ME 12.10 MJ/kg。试验组日粮营养水平为:0～14日龄,CP 19.50%,ME 12.10 MJ/kg;15～35日龄,CP 18.50%,ME 12.10 MJ/kg;36～60日龄CP 16.50%,ME 11.78 MJ/kg。研究结果表明:试验组60日龄体重、0～60日龄体增重和采食量较对照组分别低4.5%、4.7%、4.8%(P <0.05);两个处理组胫长、体重均匀度、耗料增重比无显著性差异(P> 0.05);试验组各周龄体重及胫长均能够达到京红1号品种标准,且0～60日龄只鸡饲料成本较对照组低8.3%,每千克增重成本较对照组低3.5%(P <0.05)。因此,试验组日粮营养水平能够保障鸡群生产性能充分发挥,且有效降低了育雏成本。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

广东省蚕业集团发展思路的探讨

蚕桑业是跨动、植物两大领域,生产链条长的产业,具有劳动密集型的特征。中国拥有悠久的种桑养蚕历史,灿烂辉煌的丝绸文化、加上成熟的生产技术以及丰富的劳动力资源,因而中国在世界茧丝绸市场上具有巨大的比较优势。茧丝绸产业也是中国在国际贸易中唯一具有市场控制能力的产业。我国加入WTO之后,由于贸易条件     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.