品种和部位对鸭肉肉质的影响

选择番鸭、樱桃谷鸭和高邮鸭等3个品种鸭各30只,测定屠宰性能、常规营养成分、胶原蛋白含量、剪切力值、肌纤维直径、肌束膜厚度等相关指标.结果表明:番鸭是肉用性能最好的优质肉鸭.各品种鸭胸肌率均比腿肌率高,胸肉剪切力值小于腿肉,胸肉显著嫩于腿肉(P＜0.05).剪切力值和肌纤维直径、肌束膜厚度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与蒸煮损失、胶原蛋白含量显著相关.影响鸭肉嫩度差异的关键是肌纤维直径的粗细和肌束膜厚度的大小,肌纤维直径越粗,肌束膜厚度越大,剪切力值也越高,鸭肉嫩度越差,蒸煮损失和胶原蛋白含量对鸭肉嫩度也有影响.     

品种和部位对鸭肉肉质的影响

选择番鸭、樱桃谷鸭和高邮鸭等3个品种鸭各30只,测定屠宰性能、常规营养成分、胶原蛋白含量、剪切力值、肌纤维直径、肌束膜厚度等相关指标。结果表明：番鸭是肉用性能最好的优质肉鸭。各品种鸭胸肌率均比腿肌率高,胸肉剪切力值小于腿肉,胸肉显著嫩于腿肉（P〈0.05）。剪切力值和肌纤维直径、肌束膜厚度呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与蒸煮损失、胶原蛋白含量显著相关。影响鸭肉嫩度差异的关键是肌纤维直径的粗细和肌束膜厚度的大小,肌纤维直径越粗,肌束膜厚度越大,剪切力值也越高,鸭肉嫩度越差,蒸煮损失和胶原蛋白含量对鸭肉嫩度也有影响。     

不同类型鸡肌肉颜色、肌肉嫩度的测定与比较

选择50日龄左右的淮南麻鸡、肉杂鸡、丝毛乌骨鸡各6只(公)进行屠宰,分别对其肌肉颜色、肌肉嫩度、肌纤维直径进行测定与比较。结果表明,淮南麻鸡胸肌和腿肌的L值、a值、b值显著高于丝毛乌骨鸡(P<0.05);淮南麻鸡胸肌和腿肌的a值显著高于肉杂鸡(P<0.05);肉杂鸡胸肌和腿肌的L值、a值、b值显著高于丝毛乌骨鸡(P<0.05);丝毛乌骨鸡胸肌的剪切值高于淮南麻鸡和肉杂鸡,但差异不显著(P>0.05);淮南麻鸡胸肌的剪切值高于肉杂鸡,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

不同类型鸭肉用性能及嫩度差异的比较

将番鸭、樱桃谷鸭、高邮鸭饲养到70日龄屠宰,测定肉用性能,同时取胸肉和腿肉测定肉品质.结果表明:番鸭是肉用性能最好的优质肉鸭;肌纤维直径和肌束膜厚度能够客观地反映鸭肉的嫩度,胶原蛋白含量是影响鸭肉嫩度的重要因素,pH值、蒸煮损失可以作为判断肌肉嫩度的参考指标;3个品种间鸭肉嫩度差异不显著(P＞0.05),品种内鸭的胸肉嫩度高于腿肉.     

湖羊背最长肌组织学特性分析及其与陶赛特羊的初步比较

实验选择在相同饲养方式下的不同生长阶段(2、30、60、90、120、180日龄)、不同性别的湖羊进行屠宰,运用组织学和显微技术对上述湖羊背最长肌的嫩度、肌纤维直径和密度进行测定分析,并初步比较90日龄的湖羊和陶赛特羊的3种指标。结果表明:湖羊肌肉具有良好的质地和组织结构,肌纤维细腻适中而分布均匀。年龄因素对肌纤维直径存在极显著影响(P<0.01),对肌纤维密度存在显著影响(P<0.05),随着年龄的增长湖羊肌纤维嫩度呈下降趋势;性别因素对肌纤维直径和密度均存在显著影响(P<0.05),除2日龄和30日龄外,其他各生长阶段性别因素对湖羊肌纤维嫩度的影响显著(P<0.05);品种因素对肌纤维直径不存在显著影响(P>0.05),但对肌纤维密度影响显著(P<0.05),与陶赛特羊相比,湖羊肉质嫩度较好。     

鸡CAST基因编码区的单核苷酸多态与肌纤维性状的相关研究

为了探讨CAST基因作为影响鸡肌肉嫩度性状候选基因的可能性,本研究以四川大恒家禽育种有限公司培育的优质鸡新品系为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP方法对鸡钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白（Calpastatin,CAST）基因的部分编码区进行单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）检测。结果发现了1个多态性位点（G—T）,且在试验鸡群中检测出AA、BB和AB3种基因型。利用SAS（8．01）软件统计分析了3种基因型与优质鸡肌纤维性状的相关性。结果表明：CAST基因的多态性对鸡肌纤维密度和直径有着显著的影响（P〈0．05）,同日龄鸡群AA型个体的肌纤维密度高于AB型、肌纤维直径低于AB型,且均达到显著水平（P〈0．05）,而AA与BB型、BB与AB型间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;同体重鸡群BB型个体的肌纤维密度高于AB型、肌纤维直径低于AB型,且均达到显著水平（P〈0．05）,而AA与BB型、AA与AB型间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果提示：CAST基因对鸡肌纤维性状具有重要作用,推测可以利用该位点对鸡肌肉嫩度性状进行标记辅助选择。     

不同杂交组合商品猪的肉质研究

本研究选用二元长大(L×Y)、三元杜长大(D×LY)、四元皮杜长大(PD×LY)3个杂交组合猪群为试验动物,分别就各自肉质特性进行了测定。结果表明:D×LY肉色评分、嫩度测定结果最佳;PD×LY失水率、熟肉率、嫩度最差,其中熟肉率、嫩度与其他组间差异显著(P<0.05);D×LY肌肉剪切力值最小,与L×Y剪切力值差异不显著(P>0.05),但两者与PD×LY差异极显著(P<0.01)。肌纤维直径PD×LY>L×Y>D×LY,D×LY与L×Y肌纤维直径比较接近,差异不显著(P>0.05),而PD×LY与其他2个组合差异极显著(P<0.01)。粗蛋白含量PD×LY>D×LY>L×Y,其中PD×LY达23.49%,PD×LY与其余2组合间差异均极显著(P<0.01),其余2组合间差异不显著(P>0.05);肌内脂肪含量PD×LY最低,与其余2组合间差异均极显著(P<0.01),D×LY最高,为2.92%,与L×Y组合间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

禽肉嫩度及其影响因素

嫩度是禽肉食用品质的一个种感官特征,也是其食用质量与商业价值的重要指标,嫩度值大小取决于肌肉组织结构及内部的理化特性,主要由肌肉中的结缔组织成分含量和肌纤维结构所决定,且随品种、年龄、营养状况、肌肉的解剖部位、屠宰及胴体处理等多种因素不同而发生变化。1决定禽肉嫩度的因素嫩度是肉品的一种物理性状,是舌的柔软感觉、对牙齿咬力的抵抗性和嚼碎肌纤维的难易程度直接反映,其质的幼嫩或粗硬主要取决于以下几个方面。1.1肌纤维直径、密度、类型井川田博(1983)报道,不论屠宰活重或日龄大小都是以肌纤维愈细者肉质愈嫩。Cassens等(…     

肌肉组织结构与肌肉嫩度的研究

试验选择15月龄的体重相近的、健康的、西门塔尔牛、夏洛莱牛、草原红牛、红安格斯牛等4个高代杂交品种肉牛,在相同饲养条件下育肥180天后进行屠宰.取背最长肌研究肌肉组织结构与肌肉嫩度之间的关系.研究结果表明:肌纤维直径和肌纤维面积上:草原红牛最大其次是夏洛来、西门塔尔,红安格斯牛最小,组间均差异显著(P<0.05);肌纤维根数上:红安格斯牛最多,其次为西门塔尔牛、夏洛莱牛,草原红牛最少,组间均差异显著(P<0.05);肌肉剪切力上:草原红牛最大其次是夏洛来、西门塔尔,红安格斯牛最小,组间均差异显著(P<0.05);本试验结果说明肌肉肌纤维直径和肌纤维面积越大、肌纤维根数越少的肌肉剪切力越大,肌肉嫩度越差,肌肉组织结构是影响肌肉嫩度的重要因素.     

德化黑鸡的肌肉品质分析

对150日龄、180日龄的德化黑鸡肌肉的肉品质指标(肉色、失水率、嫩度、pH值、水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、肌苷酸、脂肪酸、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、黑色素)进行了测定。通过对德化黑鸡肉品质客观指标的综合分析,德化黑鸡具有市场需求的优良肉质和风味。     

Characteristics of Biceps femoris and Longissimus thoracis muscles of five cattle breeds grown in a feedlot system

Our experiment was conducted to study physical quality and chemical composition of meat of Angus (A), Hereford (H), Friesian Holstein (FH), Australian Commercial Cross (ACC) and Murray Grey (MG) cattle breeds grown in a feedlot system. Significant differences were observed among five cattle breeds for cooking loss, tenderness, fatty acid composition, collagen and cholesterol content of meat. However, pH, water‐holding capacity, water, ash, fat and crude protein contents were not different. Cholesterol content of meat of A and FH was lower (P < 0.01) than that of H, ACC and MG. Acidity (pH), cooking loss, shear force, water, ash, crude protein, collagen and cholesterol content of Biceps femoris muscle were higher than those of Longissimus thoracis muscle, but water‐holding capacity and fat content were lower. Unsaturated fatty acid content of Biceps femoris muscle was higher (P < 0.01) than that of Longissimus thoracis. In conclusion, the differences among cattle breeds had a great effect on cooking loss, shear force, collagen, fatty acid composition and cholesterol of meat, but had little effect on water‐holding capacity, pH and proximate composition of meat. The meat of Hereford cattle was the best quality, because of the lowest shear force, cooking loss and collagen. Longissimus thoracis muscle was relatively better in cooking loss, tenderness and collagen content than Biceps femoris muscle.     

夏南牛牛肉品质的研究

[目的]为了解和掌握夏南牛牛肉品质特征。[方法]本研究分别选取来自泌阳县夏南牛科技开发有限公司的18月龄夏南牛公牛6头,在河南省唐河县肉联厂进行屠宰。测定背最长肌和牛霖剪切力值、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度;肌肉颜色和多汁性。[结果]表明夏南牛背最长肌剪切力值略低于牛霖,夏南牛背最长肌和牛霖两个部位,其L*值差异都不显著(P0.05),而b*和a*差异均比较显著(P0.05),背最长肌多汁性总体评价要好于牛霖。[结论]从牛肉嫩度、色泽和多汁性方面考察,夏南牛肉的商品性能均有显著改善,为夏南牛今后发展提供了科学依据。     

肉鸡品种对胴体性状和肉质的影响

本研究将清远麻鸡的两个纯系（A和B）与快速生长型AA肉鸡（C）杂交,在3个月的生长时间中测定了杂交品对肉鸡胴体性状、肌肉成分及氨基酸组成的影响。结果：杂交品系肉鸡的体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌和腹脂重量均显著高于纯种品系（P＜0.05）。杂交品系肉鸡的肌纤维密度和剪切力较纯种品系显著提高了6.94%和7.98%（P＜0.05）。肉鸡品系对胸肌粗脂肪、肌苷酸、干物质、水分和粗蛋白质含量的影响均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：杂交后代的大多数胴体性状高于纯种,各品系的剪切力、肌纤维密度和肉质性状均相似。     

Influence of stewing time on the texture,ultrastructure and in vitro digestibility of meat from the yellow‐feathered chicken breed

This study assessed the influence of stewing (1, 2 or 3 h) on the texture, ultrastructure and in vitro digestibility of meat from the yellow‐feathered chicken, which is a popular broiler chicken in Asia. Results indicated that longer stewing considerably increased cooking loss of the chicken carcass and tenderness of thigh meat. After 3 h of stewing, protein digestibility decreased from 90.5% to 80.3% and fiber diameter decreased by 8.63 μm. The shear force value of breast meat decreased from 32.34 N at 1 h to 10.29 N at 2 h, and then increased to 39.98 N at 3 h. The texture profile of breast meat remarkably decreased during stewing. Moreover, increased stewing time induced longitudinal and transversal shrinkage of muscle fibers and the degradation of the myosin heavy chain. These findings suggested that prolonged stewing (3 h) resulted in decreased meat qualities, based on the changes in cooking loss, digestibility and texture profile, but that stewing for 2 h increased thigh and breast tenderness. Producers could utilize this information to stew yellow‐feathered chicken meat with desirable qualities.     

Study on Muscle Fiber Types and Meat Quality Traits of Chinese Simmental Cattle

The aim of this test was to study muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality traits of Chinese Simmental cattle.Ten Chinese Simmental bulls were selected and longissimus dorsi,psoas major and semitendinosus were collected.Histological characteristics,pH,water holding capacity,shear force and texture profile analysis (TPA) were measured.The results showed that the diameter of these muscle fibers increased in the rank order type Ⅰ < ⅡA < ⅡB.The number and area percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber were highest in longissimus dorsi and that of ⅡB muscle fiber was highest in psoas major and semitendinosus.Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus had lower pH,springiness,pressing lossing rate and higher shear force,hardness and resilience comparing with psoas major.In conclusion,muscle fiber characteristics could affect meat quality,especially textural properties of Chinese Simmental bulls.Increasing the percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber and decreasing ⅡB type could improve beef tenderness.     

三种优质肉鸡肌纤维特性与肉质关系的研究

对芦花鸡、北方黄鸡、青脚麻鸡三种优质肉鸡的肌肉品质、肌纤维特性进行了比较,并对肌纤维特性与肌肉品质的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：（1）肌肉品质：三种鸡的肌肉肉色均正常,青脚麻鸡的剪切力显著比北方黄鸡和芦花鸡大,分别大9.18%、8.74%（P〈0.05）。品种间pH、滴水损失差异不显著。（2）肌纤维特性：北方黄鸡的肌纤维直径显著低于芦花鸡、青脚麻鸡低,分别低11.44%、13.71%（P〈0.05）,而北方黄鸡的肌纤维密度分别比芦花鸡、青脚麻鸡高15.49%、20.12%,呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）。（3）相关性：肌纤维直径与肌纤维密度呈负相关关系。肌纤维直径与三种鸡的pH呈负相关,与剪切力呈正相关（r=0.873）,与芦花鸡和北方黄鸡的肉色呈正相关,与青脚麻鸡的肉色呈负相关关系。肌纤维密度与三种鸡的pH呈正相关,与剪切力呈负相关（r=0.864）。与北方黄鸡和青脚麻鸡的肉色呈正相关,与芦花鸡的肉色呈负相关。     

The influence of crossbreeding on collagen solubility and tenderness of Infraspinatus and Semimembranosus muscles of semi‐intensively reared young bulls

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of crossbreeding on collagen content and solubility, shear force (WBSF) and the eating quality of Infraspinatus (INF) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles of young bulls and the relationships between collagen content and solubility, shear force and the eating quality of beef. The experimental material comprised muscles of crossbred young bulls (about 600 days old) of Polish Holstein‐Friesian (PHF) × Limousine (LM) (n = 10), PHF × Charolaise (CH) (n = 9), PHF × Hereford (HER) (n = 9) breeds. The crossbreeding influenced WBSF, aroma and taste, total, water‐soluble, acid‐soluble, total soluble and insoluble collagen content, as well as the acid‐soluble, total soluble and insoluble collagen proportions. WBSF was significantly negatively correlated with sensorial tenderness and water‐soluble collagen content. The eating quality of beef obtained from different crossbreds was similar; however, the meat from PHF × LM and PHF × HER bulls had lower WBSF values than PHF × CH bulls. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Influences of end-point heating temperature on the quality attributes of chicken meat

1. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of broiler (BR) and Taiwan native chicken (TNC) pectoralis muscle heated at temperatures of 50–95°C.

2. With increasing temperature, cooking loss, collagen solubility, shear force value and hardness, of samples increased in both chicken breeds. Rapid decreases in protein solubility were observed when the meat was heated to 50°C and gradually decreased thereafter.

3. Meat from BRs and native chickens performed differently upon heating in certain characteristics. TNC meat had longer cooking time and lower myofibrillar fragmentation index than BR meat did. TNC meat had higher collagen content, shear force values and springiness but lower collagen solubility than BR meat did.

4. BR meat had significantly higher onset and end transition temperatures than TNC meat did. In BR meat, a sensory analysis revealed that moisture release decreased and chicken flavour increased with increasing temperature.

5. Protein solubility, cooking loss and the texture of heated meat were highly correlated.

6. This study scientifically assessed the performances of the two breeds of chickens with different thermal treatments; producers could utilise the information to produce poultry products with more desirable qualities.