应用SYBR Green I的Real-time PCR方法定量检测空肠弯曲杆菌

空肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobacterjejuni)被认为是人类主要食源性病原菌之一。由于空肠弯曲杆菌特殊的生长条件和容易进入不可培养但存活的状态(Viablebutnonculturable,VNC),所以传统的生化鉴定结果不一定可靠,并且是一项费时而繁琐的工作。核酸检测方法的出现为空肠弯曲杆菌的检测带来了方便。本文基于LightCycler为平台,利用SYBRGreenI染料能特异与双链DNA结合而发荧光的特性,建立一种Real-timePCR方法来定量检测空肠弯曲杆菌。用该方法检测时,发现所有空肠弯曲杆菌(11株)都呈阳性,所有其它弯曲菌(3株)和其它菌株(5株)都是阴性。整个检测过程60min内可以完成,检测限度为5CFU,标准曲线的相关系数为1。结果表明基于SYBRGreenI的定量PCR方法既为空肠弯曲杆菌提供了一种特异、敏感、快速和简洁的定量检测方法,又为研究空肠弯曲杆菌致病机理提供了一种重要方法。     

直接从家禽排泄物中检测和定量空肠弯曲杆菌的逆转录定量PCR方法研究

弯曲杆菌属是导致人类细菌性腹泻的主要原因,亟需一种快速而可靠地检测和定量该病原的方法。本研究建立了运用逆转录荧光定量PCR直接从鸡粪便中检测和定量空肠弯曲杆菌的方法,并将其与另一种基于DNA的荧光定量PCR方法和细菌培养方法进行比较。运用细菌培养和逆转录荧光定量PCR方法,可在5d后从人工或天然污染的粪便样品中检测到空肠弯曲杆菌。在使用细菌培养方法无法计数细胞时,逆转录荧光定量PCR亦无法检测到阳性扩增信号,而运用基于DNA的荧光定量PCR方法可以检测到死亡的或无法培养的弯曲杆菌细胞,即使在经过20d保存处理后所有被检测样品仍是阳性。这种直接从鸡粪便样品中检测和定量空肠弯曲杆菌的方法在检测环境弯曲杆菌中的应用还有待进一步研究。     

肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌的监测与分析

本文对集约化肉鸡场空肠弯曲杆菌流行状况进行监测与分析。1 981份样品中,JM地区的肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌阳性率为6.48%~7.48%,JZ地区的肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌阳性率为9.45%~9.91%,JN地区的肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌阳性率为14.6%~16.9%。17种抗菌药中,对36株肉鸡空肠弯曲菌分离株高度敏感的是:阿米卡星(86.1%)、链霉素(91.7%)、庆大霉素(94.4%)、卡那霉素(83.3%)、阿奇霉素(86.1%)、头孢噻肟(83.3%),另外有3种抗菌药对肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌表现出较好的敏感性,分别是红霉素(61.1%)、氨苄西林(78.8%)、青霉素(69.4%),其它临床常用抗菌药对36株肉鸡空肠弯曲杆菌则表现出较强的耐药性。JM地区空肠弯曲杆菌分离株的耐药谱为7耐至10耐,JZ地区空肠弯曲杆菌分离株的耐药谱为8耐至12耐,JN地区空肠弯曲杆菌分离株的耐药谱为7耐至11耐。研究结果证明,不同地区肉鸡中空肠弯曲杆菌的流行和耐药状况呈现多样化。     

空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

空肠弯曲杆菌（Campylobacter jejuni）是一种人兽共患病病原菌,给养殖业带来了较大经济损失。为实现对空肠弯曲杆菌的快速检测,针对其MapA基因序列设计特异性引物,优化反应条件和反应体系,建立了空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行了评估。结果显示：建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性,仅能特异性扩增出空肠弯曲杆菌,对胎儿空肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌无交叉反应;敏感性较强,最低检测限为6.42 copies/μL;以5个稀释度的重组质粒为模板分别进行组内和组间重复性试验,发现组内和组间Ct值变异系数（CV）均小于2.50%,说明该方法具有良好的可重复性。结果表明,本研究建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR具有良好的特异性、敏感性及重复性,可用于空肠弯曲杆菌的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

雪貂空肠弯曲杆菌的分离与鉴定

从试验用雪貂分离到一株弯曲杆菌,通过菌落、菌体形态、生化特征、培养特性等生物学特性和PCR方法对所分离菌株进行鉴定,分离株经空肠弯曲杆菌VS1基因特异性引物PCR扩增为阳性,测序结果显示与空肠弯曲杆菌序列同源性达100%,结合生物学特性和PCR结果确定所分离菌株为空肠弯曲杆菌,该菌的分离鉴定为雪貂微生物检测标准的建立提供了理论依据。     

从人和动物分离的弯曲杆菌药敏比较

1979年到1983对弯曲杆菌的检查曾从腹泻病人检出111株、牛29株、家禽46株和野鸟59株,均为空肠弯曲杆菌;另检出结肠弯曲杆菌人18株与猪54株。以这些菌株作了对9种抗菌物质的药敏试验结果:人的空肠弯曲杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素的最小抑制浓度(MIC)     

动物源性空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性地域差异性分析

从上海家禽批发市场采集鸡盲肠内容物样品,分离到47株空肠弯曲杆菌,从上海屠宰场采集猪盲肠内容物样品,分离到99株空肠弯曲杆菌,分别测定分析了这些空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性; 通过对不同产地鸡源空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性状况比较结果显示,江苏南通、江苏海门和浙江金华分离到的鸡源空肠弯曲杆菌对9种抗生素(见表1)都有不同程度的耐药性,对万古霉素、红霉素和氨苄青霉素的耐药性达到100%。江苏海门、上海崇明和浙江温岭、金华等地的菌株分别对克林霉素和氨苄青霉素显示了高耐药性,分别达到90%、100%;通过对不同产地猪源空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性状况比较结果显示,山东莘县分离到的猪源空肠弯曲杆菌对9种抗生素都有不同程度的耐药性,对万古霉素、红霉素、克林霉素和氨苄青霉素的耐药性达到80%以上。河南孟津和安徽淮北分离到的猪源空肠弯曲杆菌对除头孢拉定之外的8种抗生素都有不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄青霉素的耐药性达到100%。结果显示动物源性空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性存在明显的地域差异性。     

空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性及其主要相关基因初步分析

从307份鸡盲肠内容物样品中分离到47株空肠弯曲杆菌,并测定这些空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性,结果显示对喹诺酮类药(环丙沙星)耐药性为31.9%;对氨苄青霉素,克林霉素和红霉素耐药性较高,分别达到85.1%、83.0%和83.0%;而对痢特灵和庆大霉素则较为敏感,敏感度分别为85.1%和74.5%。有89.4%的菌株显示多重耐药性。利用MAMAPCR技术,对获得的47株空肠弯曲杆菌进行检测,结果显示对环丙沙星耐药的15株空肠弯曲杆菌均检测出其在gyrA基因257位发生点突变,30株对喹诺酮药物敏感的菌株均未检出。另外2株对环丙沙星耐药的菌株,有1株检测出点突变。     

FHIT基因和Fhit蛋白在犬淋巴瘤细胞系中的畸变

空肠弯曲菌是人类主要食源性病原菌之一，其主要的储存宿主是家禽。据研究空肠弯曲杆菌主要定植于肉仔鸡的盲肠。从7个鸡群采集20份样本来检测弯曲杆菌，结果表明，平均发病率为65％。本试验还研究了48株空肠弯曲菌对INT～407细胞的黏附力和入侵力。用检测庆大霉素抗性的INT-407细胞对从盲肠内容物分离的48株空肠弯曲菌进行分析，盲肠分离菌株呈现出广泛的黏附力和入侵力，且菌株间的黏附力和入侵力呈显著相关（P〈0．01）。用PCR方法检测到空肠弯曲杆菌的毒力相关基因dnaJ、cadF、pldA、ciaB，检出率分别为100％、76％、31％、41％，     

鸡肉空肠弯曲杆菌的污染率与耐药性分析

空肠弯曲杆菌是一种常见的食源性病原菌.为了解四川省雅安市鸡肉中空肠弯曲杆菌的污染率及耐药性,采用组合生化法从雅安市场上采集的183份鸡肉样品中培养分离了36株疑似菌株,通过二重PCR的方法鉴定出空肠弯曲杆菌25株,其污染率为13.66％.采用肉汤微量稀释法,对空肠弯曲杆菌的药敏性进行了分析,所分离的菌株对环丙沙星、左氟沙星、克林霉素、四环素耐药率较高,分别为100％、100％、96％、84％,对链霉素、红霉素耐药率较低,分别为12％、4％,对氟苯尼考、庆大霉素敏感.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。