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1.
经鉴定,Apx毒素是猪胸膜肺炎的病原体—胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的重要毒力因子。在一些胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型中,Apx毒素是由apxⅢB和apxⅢD编码后经细胞膜分泌的。为了构建1株抗胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的活疫苗株,笔者将胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清2型菌株-1536的apxⅢB和apxⅢD基因进行灭活,从而构建DeltaapxⅢB/DapxⅢD突变株(1536DeltaBDeltaD)。用活的1536DeltaBDeltaD胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对猪进行免疫后,能保护猪免于同源的野生型胸膜肺炎放线杆菌1536的攻击。因此,被损坏的Apx毒素分泌物可使胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的毒力减弱,并可作为开发胸膜肺炎放线杆菌弱毒疫苗的有效策略。  相似文献   

2.
为了提高猪传染性胸膜肺炎灭活苗的保护力,本研究利用基因重组技术表达了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌6种主要致病因子蛋白:rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ、rApxⅣ、rApfa和rOMP。设立试验Ⅰ组(灭活苗),试验Ⅱ组(灭活苗、rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rOMP),试验Ⅲ组(灭活苗、rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rApxⅣ),试验Ⅳ组(灭活苗、rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rApfa)和空白对照组(PBS),每组26只BALB/c小鼠,分3次免疫,每次间隔2周,每周检测血清抗体水平,在免疫后第2周、第4周和第5周,MTT法检测脾脏T细胞增殖水平及ELISA法测定IFN-γ分泌水平。在第3次免疫后的第7 d,将每组剩余20只小鼠平均分成2组,分别以APP1型菌(5×10~9 CFU)和APP7型菌(1×10~(11) CFU)进行攻毒保护试验。结果表明,向灭活苗中添加重组亚单位成份可以提高机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,并能提高灭活苗的交叉保护率;试验Ⅱ组的ApxⅠ和OMP抗体水平以及细胞免疫水平均显著高于其它各组(p<0.05),对于APP1和APP7型菌的攻毒也提供了明显优于其它各组的保护结果,试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的细胞、体液免疫水平及保护率较试验Ⅰ组也有所提高。结果显示出ApxⅠ、OMP抗体水平和细胞免疫水平与攻毒保护率之间存在着正相关性,向灭活苗中加入重组蛋白成份可以提高疫苗的交叉保护,试验Ⅱ组通过激活体液免疫和细胞免疫,对两个血清型APP的攻击提供了很好的保护作用,从而为猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型疫苗的研制提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
将猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌ApxⅡ毒素的结构基因ApxⅡA克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1,并在大肠埃希氏菌中进行了表达,表达产物rApxⅡA以包涵体形式存在。为了检测rApxⅡA的免疫原性,分别用rApxⅡA、灭活疫苗以及灭活疫苗添加rApxⅡA对比利时白兔进行了免疫。免疫后进行攻毒,所用菌株分别为同型菌株(APP7型L25—4株)和异型菌株(APP1型4074株)。结果,免疫动物对相同血清型菌株的攻击获得完全保护,且对异型菌的攻击也获得一定保护作用。表明,rApxⅡA蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,作为抗原成分添加到灭活疫苗中后可提高灭活疫苗的免疫效果。  相似文献   

4.
猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)引起的细菌性呼吸道传染病。Apx毒素(actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae toxin)是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分泌的一类溶血毒素,在胸膜肺炎放线杆菌致病过程中,Apx毒素起了重要的作用。  相似文献   

5.
为调查广西地区某规模化猪场疑似患猪传染性胸膜肺炎猪的病原、血清型及有效治疗药物等情况,首先对患病猪进行剖检观察其病理变化,同时无菌采集病猪肺脏等病料,接种平板后纯化培养,然后通过革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定、16S rRNA序列比对、血清型及毒素基因分析等方法进行鉴定,并对分离菌株的耐药性和动物致病性进行探究。结果:从病料中分离到1株细菌,其菌落、菌体形态、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列符合胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)特征,该菌株含有ApxⅠ、ApxⅡ、ApxⅣ三种毒素,属于APP血清5型,因此将其命名为APP5-YXLM;药敏试验结果显示,该菌对β-内酰胺类药物和头孢类药物敏感,对红霉素、庆大霉素、多西环素、四环素等6种药物耐药;动物致病性试验表明,该菌株对小鼠具有较强的致病性,其半数致死量(LD50)为7.06×10~8 CFU。试验结果为该发病猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎的防治提供了理论依据,同时也为掌握胸膜肺炎放线杆菌在广西地区的流行情况提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

6.
重组表达猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌6种主要毒力因子基因:apxⅠ、apxⅡ、apxⅢ、apxⅣ、apfa和omp,以重组蛋白rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rOMP组合免疫小鼠作为试验I组,重组蛋白rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢr、OMPr、ApxⅣ和rApfa组合免疫小鼠作为试验Ⅱ组,PBS为对照组,分3次免疫小鼠,采用背部皮下多点注射,每次间隔2周,免疫剂量为0.2 mL/只,3免后1周分别以APP1型菌Shope 4074株(5×109cfu)和APP2型菌S1536株(5×1010cfu)进行攻毒试验。通过小鼠保护率与抗体效价的相关性研究、肺部病理变化及肺脏细菌的分布情况等指标进行综合评价。结果显示,试验Ⅰ组4种重组蛋白特异性抗体水平显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),对APP1型菌攻毒的保护率(9/10)明显高于试验Ⅱ组(5/10)和对照组(0/8),小鼠的免疫保护率与抗体效价之间存在显著正相关;且该组对APP2型菌攻毒的保护作用(无肺脏损伤)也明显优于其它两组(典型肺部损伤)。间接免疫荧光试验表明试验Ⅰ组对肺脏细菌的清除效果也明显优于其他两组。本试验揭示试验Ⅰ组对不同血清型APP攻击能够提供很好的交叉保护作用,从而为猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型疫苗的研制提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
2018年12月,浙江慈溪某规模化猪场部分肥猪出现体温升高、呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状,疑似感染了猪传染胸膜肺炎放线杆菌。取该猪场病死猪的肺脏进行细菌分离和纯化,对分离菌株进行了革兰染色镜检、16S rDNA PCR鉴定、血清型鉴定及生物型鉴定,最终确定该菌株为生物Ⅰ型、血清型15型传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌。Apx毒素鉴定结果表明,该菌株含有Apx II,Apx III和Apx IV毒素基因;药敏试验结果显示,分离株对头孢曲松、恩诺沙星、氨苄西林及复方新诺明较为敏感,对链霉素具有较强的耐药性。  相似文献   

8.
采用酚-水法制备血清3型、4型、5型、7型和8型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)脂多糖(LPS),以该多糖免疫小鼠,进行同源攻毒保护试验,结果LPS在20斗∥只的免疫剂量下可对小鼠产生较强的保护作用,用同血清型菌株对免疫后的小鼠攻毒,仅表现肺脏轻微出血,无死亡,而对照组未经免疫直接攻毒的小白鼠全部死亡,肺脏严重出血;小鼠免疫后第2d就可以检测到抗体,并且抗体水平上升较快,到第6d抗体达到最高水平,之后,抗体水平开始下降,但下降幅度不大,可持续2个月左右;交叉保护试验结果表明血清3型LPS对血清5型和7型APP,血清4型LPS对血清5型和7型APP没有保护作用,免疫后的小鼠攻毒仍表现多数死亡;血清3型LPS对血清4型和8型APP有交叉保护作用,血清4型LPS对血清3型和8型APP有交叉保护作用,血清5型、7型、8型LPS对5个血清型的APP都有交叉保护作用,免疫后的小鼠攻毒无死亡,仅表现肺脏有不同程度的出血。上述结果表明LPS是APP的主要免疫保护性抗原之一,该研究为APP亚单位疫苗的研制及应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR诊断方法的建立与应用   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌ApxⅣ基因设计1对引物,扩增特异的650bp棱酸片段,建立了应用PCR检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的方法。特异性试验结果表明,12个血清型的放线杆菌参考菌株均能扩增出650bp特异性的核酸片段,而大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、猪肺炎支原体、伤寒沙门氏菌和支气管败血性波氏杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果表明,PCR的最低检出限量为500个放线杆菌。利用建立的PCR检测方法对22株从山东省不同地区分离的疑似胸膜肺炎放线杆菌菌株进行检测.结果14株为阳性。对感染猪病变组织的检测结果表明,病变部位不同,胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的检出率不同,其中以扁桃体的检出率最高。  相似文献   

10.
猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)是猪的一种严重的呼吸系统疾病。目前,对该病的预防主要使用几个致病血清型的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)全菌体灭活苗,交叉保护力差。亚单位疫苗采用多个血清型共有的免疫保护性抗原外毒素(Apx)及外膜蛋白,具有很强的交叉免疫保护效果,使用前不必检测病原血清型,全世界通用,大大降低免疫副反应,应用空间广阔。论文阐述了猪传染性胸膜肺炎亚单位疫苗的研究进展,为猪传染性胸膜肺炎的预防和控制提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

13.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

14.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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