不同类型酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同类型酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能和免疫功能的影响。试验选取体重[(7.14±0.30) kg]相近的30日龄断奶仔猪162头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复18头。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.2%磷酸型酸化剂和0.2%乳酸型酸化剂。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,磷酸型酸化剂组和乳酸型酸化剂组断奶仔猪平均日采食量分别提高了6.75%和11.69%(P0.05),平均日增重分别提高了10.67%和13.07%(P0.05),料重比分别降低了3.40%和1.36%(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,乳酸型酸化剂组断奶仔猪血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,乳酸型酸化剂组断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白A含量显著提高(P0.05),且血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于磷酸型酸化剂组(P0.05);乳酸型酸化剂组断奶仔猪十二指肠白细胞介素-10和转化生长因子-βmRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05),空肠肿瘤坏死因子-α和转化生长因子-βmRNA相对表达量的表达量显著高于对照组和磷酸型酸化剂组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加0.2%磷酸型酸化剂和0.2%乳酸型酸化剂均能一定程度上增强断奶仔猪抗氧化功能和免疫功能,且具有提高仔猪生长性能的趋势,其中乳酸型酸化剂效果优于磷酸型酸化剂。     

甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究甘露寡糖（MOS）对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标及经济效益的影响。试验将480头断奶仔猪随机分为4组，每组6个重复。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮，试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的MOS。预试期3 d，正式试验期30 d。结果显示，日粮中添加MOS可以显著提高仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量（P<0.05），显著降低仔猪腹泻率（P<0.05）。与对照组比，日粮中添加MOS显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性（P<0.05），显著降低丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）；日粮中添加0.2%、0.3%的MOS可以显著提高血清中免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量（P<0.05），日粮中添加MOS显著提高了免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量（P<0.05），降低了白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)含量（P<0.05）。日粮中添加0.2%、0.3%的MOS可以显著增加肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量（P<0.05）；添加0.3%的MOS还可以显著降低大肠杆菌数量（P<0.05）。MOS组仔猪平...     

葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪胃肠道微生物区系及血液生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对断奶仔猪胃肠道微生物区系和部分血液生化指标以及生产性能的影响,讨论其可能的作用机理。试验选用160头10 kg左右断奶仔猪,根据体重随机分为Ⅰ(对照)、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ4组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在饲喂基础日粮上分别添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的GOD。结果显示:与对照相比,日粮中添加0.3%GOD的仔猪日增重提高8.2%(P<0.05);饲料转化效率提高7.9%(P=0.09);血清胰岛素提高17.6%(P<0.05);日粮中添加0.2%和0.3%GOD的仔猪比对照组血清尿素氮水平分别降低16.37%和14.35%,差异均显著(P<0.05);与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.2%和0.3%GOD可以显著降低仔猪胃和回肠大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),增加仔猪胃和回肠乳酸菌数量(P<0.05)。提示:日粮中添加0.2%～0.3%GOD可以提高仔猪饲料转化效率和对氮的利用效率,促进机体营养物质的合成,从而提高断奶仔猪的增重。     

日粮中添加不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪的消化环境和生化指标的影响

试验是在断奶仔猪日粮种添加2种复合酸化剂——酸化剂Ⅰ和酸化剂Ⅱ。探讨其作用机制及应用效果,并筛选出适宜的添加类型。试验选用90头日龄和体质量相近,品种相同的断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组设6个重复,每重复5头仔猪。各组基础日粮相同,试验30 d。试验共包括3种日粮,日粮1:基础日粮,不添加酸化剂;日粮2:在基础日粮中添加酸化剂Ⅰ;日粮3:在基础日粮中添加酸化剂Ⅱ。试验分为3个组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,分别对应饲喂以上3种日粮。2种酸化剂的添加水平均为0.4%。结果表明:与对照组相比,仔猪日粮中添加酸化剂有效的降低胃内容物p H,试验1组和试验2组与对照组相比空肠和回肠段p H有所下降;能提高仔猪胃蛋白酶活性但差异不显著(P0.05),2种酸化剂对脂肪酶和淀粉酶作用不同;仔猪日粮中添加酸化剂对仔猪血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和乳酸磷酸酶活性均有影响,但差异不显著(P0.05),可显著提高碱性磷酸酶的活性(P0.05);仔猪日粮中添加酸化剂对仔猪血清中总蛋白、球蛋白和尿素氮均有影响,但差异不显著(P0.05),酸化剂Ⅱ可使白蛋白的含量显著提高(P0.05)。     

复合酸化剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究复合酸化剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能与血液生化指标的影响。选用健康1日龄白羽肉鸡600只(公苗),按体重一致原则随机分为四个组,分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、抗生素组(在基础日粮中添加含量15%的金霉素0.5 g/kg)、酸化剂A组(在基础日粮中添加乳酸型复合酸化剂2 g/kg)、酸化剂B组(在基础日粮中添加甲酸型复合酸化剂2 g/kg)。结果显示:1～16日龄阶段,与对照组相比,抗生素组、酸化剂B组肉鸡的日均增重显著增加(P0.05);抗生素组、酸化剂A组、酸化剂B组肉鸡的料重比显著降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组、酸化剂B组肉鸡血清尿酸浓度显著降低(P0.05);抗生素组、酸化剂A组、酸化剂B组肉鸡血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加(P0.05);酸化剂A组、酸化剂B组肉鸡血清T-AOC活性显著高于对照组、抗生素组(P0.05);抗生素组肉鸡血清丙二醛含量显著高于对照组、酸化剂A组、酸化剂B组(P0.05)。结果表明:两种复合酸化剂对肉鸡前期生长性能有促进作用,对后期促生长作用效果不明显。复合酸化剂可以降低肉鸡血清尿酸的浓度,提高抗氧化能力,降低MDA含量。     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道酸度及消化酶活性的影响

选择28日龄断奶、体重（6±1．04）kg的杜长大杂种健康仔猪200头,按遗传和体重相近的原则随机分为5个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组在每千克基础饲粮中添加15mg黄霉素（1组）,不添加酸化剂;4个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0．1％磷酸型酸化剂（2组）、0．3％磷酸型酸化剂（3组）、0．1％乳酸型酸化剂（4组）和0．3％乳酸型酸化剂（5组）代替等量玉米,均不添加抗生素。研究并比较了两种酸化剂以不同水平添加时对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道酸度及消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加磷酸型酸化剂和乳酸型酸化剂均可显著增加仔猪日采食量、提高日增重、改善饲料转化率、降低腹泻率,其中以添加0.3％乳酸型酸化剂效果最佳;添加磷酸型酸化剂和乳酸型酸化剂都可显著降低仔猪胃和十二指肠食糜pH,显著提高仔猪胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性。     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和肠道微生物区系的影响

试验旨在分析由乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和磷酸构成的3种复合酸化剂A、B和C的体外抑菌和降低饲料系酸力的效果;选用15 kg左右杜长大断奶仔猪96头,随机分成4组,每组3栏。对照组含抗生素,试验组A、B和C分别在基础日粮中添加2.5 kg/t酸化剂A、B和C,分析其对动物生产性能和肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明:3种复合酸化剂0.25%的水溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,以1.25 kg/t添加到饲料中可显著降低饲料系酸力和pH(P<0.05)。动物试验表明2.5 kg/t的复合酸化剂A或C替代日粮中抗生素,对仔猪日增重、采食量和饲料增重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加3种复合酸化剂的试验各组DGGE条带数和多样性指数均高于抗生素的对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

不同钙水平日粮添加酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液矿物质水平的影响

文章旨在研究不同钙水平日粮添加复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液和骨中矿物质含量的影响。试验选择初始体重为(7.50±0.08)kg的25 d断奶仔猪600头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30头。试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即钙水平分别为0.75%和0.55%,复合酸化剂添加水平为3 g/kg和0 g/kg,试验共进行42 d。结果:低钙组仔猪末重较高钙组显著提高13.76%(P<0.05)。无论日粮钙水平如何,添加3 g/kg复合酸化剂可以使采食量显著提高13.37%(P<0.05)。低钙水平组添加或不添加酸化剂较高钙组不添加酸化剂平均日增重分别显著提高32.77%和29.41%(P<0.05)。高钙组断奶仔猪料重比较低钙组显著提高9.41%(P<0.05)。与高钙组相比,低钙组血清钙水平显著降低4.41%(P<0.05),而血清磷和镁水平分别显著提高27.60%和6.04%(P<0.05),高钙组断奶仔猪尿中钙与肌酸苷比值较低钙组显著提高134.41%(P<0.05)。低钙组仔猪胫骨镁含量较高钙组显著提高7.29%(P<0.05)。结论:日粮低钙水平可以改善断奶仔猪的饲料效率、血清和胫骨镁含量,同时低钙水平下添加复合酸化剂可以提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和采食量。     

复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡消化道pH值和消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡消化道pH值和消化酶活性的影响。选用420只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复35只。4种试验日粮分别是在基础日粮中添加0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的复合酸化剂配制而成。试验期21和42 d,每个重复随机取2只,测定不同消化段pH值、腺胃和肌胃内容物的蛋白酶活性以及十二指肠和空肠内容物的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,结果表明:试验期21 d,日粮中添加0.2%复合酸化剂组显著降低了嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃和十二指肠的pH值(P<0.05),添加0.3%复合酸化剂组显著降低了嗉囊和腺胃的pH值(P<0.05),添加0.2%和0.3%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P<0.05);试验期42 d,日粮添加0.3%复合酸化剂显著降低了空肠pH值(P<0.05),添加0.2%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),添加0.3%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加复合酸化剂组对消化道前段pH值影响显著,日粮中添加0.2%复合酸化剂能够有效降低消化道的pH值,并能提高十二指肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。     

不同剂型酸化剂对哺乳母猪生产性能、初乳成分和肠道菌群结构的影响

本试验旨在比较2种不同剂型酸化剂对哺乳母猪生产性能、初乳成分和肠道菌群结构的影响。试验选择30头体况相近、预产期接近的2~4胎长大二元杂交母猪,随机分成3个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪。在试验期间各组母猪分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.3%吸附型酸化剂(A组)、基础饲粮+0.1%微囊型酸化剂(B组)。预试期7 d(母猪分娩前7天)、正试期26 d(从母猪分娩开始至泌乳结束)。结果表明:与对照组相比,A组和B组母猪的泌乳期平均日采食量分别提高4.9%(P0.05)和5.3%(P0.05),仔猪断奶均重分别提高2.6%(P0.05)和7.4%(P0.05)。A组和B组的母猪初乳中乳脂、乳蛋白、尿氮素、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白A含量均高于对照组(P0.05),而乳糖含量则低于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,B组母猪饲粮蛋白质消化率显著提高(P0.05),且粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);A组母猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,微囊型酸化剂在提高仔猪断奶重以及哺乳母猪饲粮蛋白质消化率和改善肠道菌群结构方面有一定功效,而吸附型酸化剂在改善哺乳母猪肠道菌群结构方面有一定功效。     

复合酸化剂的日粮酸化作用及对营养物质表观消化率的影响

选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡450只,随机分成6组(对照组和5个试验组),研究不同添加水平复合酸化剂的日粮酸化作用及对营养物质消化率的影响,5个试验组日粮中的酸化剂添加量分0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%和0.3%。结果表明:添加复合酸化剂复合酸化剂显著降低了日粮的pH及系酸力,显著提高了各阶段日粮蛋白、能量、干物质、钙和磷的表观消化率,且以添加0.15%的作用效果最好。     

复合酸化剂抗蛋鸡热应激效果的研究

通过在日粮中添加复合酸化剂,研究其对蛋鸡生产性能和血液理化指标的影响,探讨复合酸对蛋鸡热应激的作用效果,并筛选出适宜的添加水平。结果表明:①复合酸A1、A2使产蛋率、蛋重和采食量分别提高0.82%￣8.25%、0.48%￣2.19%和0.92%￣3.66%,死淘率降低1.85%￣3.70%。②复合酸使蛋鸡血清ALP、GLU升高,LDH、BUN、UA及pH值降低,TP、ALB、GLOB变化呈降低趋势,A/G则相反;血清钙各组间差异不显著,血清磷则随着酸添加量的增加逐渐下降。③复合酸化剂能缓解夏季产蛋鸡的热应激,可以作为抗应激添加剂应用。A1、A2抗热应激的效果总体上优于乳酸宝,A2尤为明显。A1和A2的最适添加剂量分别为0.3%和0.2%。     

酸化剂对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态、微生物区系及挥发性脂肪酸产生的影响

选择平均体重为(7.5±0.15) kg断奶仔猪90头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5头。试验1、2组日粮分别在对照组日粮基础上添加0.2％、0.4%酸化剂。结果表明,添加酸化剂能够显著降低胃和十二指肠pH(P<0.05),随着食糜向后移动,效果下降;可以提高乳酸菌及总厌氧菌数量(P<0.05),降低大肠杆菌及总需氧菌数量;显著提高结肠食糜挥发性脂肪酸中丁酸、戊酸含量(P<0.05),降低乙酸含量(P<0.05);可以促进空肠肠绒毛生长(P<0.05),增加肠道吸收面积;由此可知,酸化剂通过降低肠道pH,促进厌氧菌生长繁殖,改善消化道环境,提高丁酸合成,促进肠绒毛生长。     

缓释复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪消化道酸度及肠道功能的影响

本试验选用28 R龄断奶、平均体质量(7.00±0.10)kg的长白猪(♂)×大白猪(♂)二元杂交仔猪64头,按单因索试验设计原则,研究在玉米一豆粕一膨化大豆型基础日粮中添加不同类型(包被未包被)复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪胃肠道酸度、生产性能、肠组织形态、消化酶活性、肠道微生物菌群及肠黏膜抗体SIgA的影响.试验设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各半),饲养试验时间为35 d.结果表明,微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂可以极显著降低断奶仔猪胃和小肠pH(P＜0.01);极显著提高空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(P＜0.01);断奶前期,显著提高小肠蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性(P＜0.05);断奶后期,极显著提高仔猪盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.01);微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂还有增加仔猪肠黏膜抗体SIgA分泌量的趋势(P＞0.05).结果提示,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂,可以通过降低肠道pH,优化肠道微生物区系,改善肠组织形态和功能,从而提高断奶仔猪肠道的消化力和适应性,并促进仔猪生长.     

Dietary supplementation with acidifiers improves the growth performance,meat quality and intestinal health of broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation with acidifiers on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 648 male Arbor Acres broiler chickens at 1 d old were randomly divided into 6 groups, and each group consisted of 6 replicates with 18 broilers per replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: negative control (NC, the basal diet), NC + antibiotic (enramycin, 8 mg/kg, positive control [PC]), NC + phosphoric acid (PA, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/kg), and NC + lactic acid (LA, 0.3 g/kg). The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the feed-to-gain ratio of the NC + acidifier groups was lower than that of the NC and PC groups from 1 to 42 d (P < 0.05). Compared with the values in the NC group, the pH of breast muscle was significantly higher in the NC + PA (0.2 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups (P < 0.05), and the cooking loss was lower in the breast muscle of the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the shear force of the breast muscle and thigh muscle and the pH value in the crop, gizzard and duodenum of the antibiotic and acidifier groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase activities of the duodenum in the NC + PA (0.2 and 0.3 g/kg) groups, as well as the villus height-to-crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio of the duodenum in the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) group was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with those in the NC group. Meanwhile, the number of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the cecum of the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups were decreased (P < 0.05). Collectively, diet supplementation with acidifiers could improve the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers, in which the effects of PA (0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) are better than the other supplementations.     

Evaluation of sodium bisulphate and phosphoric acid as urine acidifiers for cats.

Eighteen cats were used to compare the urine acidifying properties of sodium bisulphate to phosphoric acid. Acidifying agents were added at one of three concentrations (0.4, 0.6, or 0.8%, as-is basis). Cats were offered a commercial diet to determine basal urinary pH, and then again for a 1 week period between blocks 1 and 2. Cats were acclimated to the diets for 6 days, and urine samples were collected on day 7 at 0, 4, and 8 h postfeeding to obtain pre- and postprandial urinary pH. Intakes of diets containing sodium bisulphate tended (P < 0.07) to be lower than intakes of diets containing phosphoric acid. Cats consuming the 0.8% phosphoric acid diet had higher (P < 0.05) food intakes than cats consuming either the 0.4 or 0.6% phosphoric acid-containing diets. There was significant (P = 0.01) linear and quadratic response for food intake in cats consuming the sodium bisulphate-containing diet. Cats consuming the 0.4 and 0.8% phosphoric acid-containing diets tended (P = 0.07) to have higher water intakes than cats consuming the 0.6% phosphoric acid-containing diet. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in urine pH and specific gravity between cats fed the different acidifier types. Cats consuming the 0.6% phosphoric acid-containing diet tended (P = 0.07) to have a higher urine pH 8 h post-feeding than cats consuming the 0.4 and 0.8% phosphoric acid-containing diets. Urine pH was highest at 4 h post-feeding except for cats fed the 0.4% sodium bisulphate- and the 0.6% phosphoric acid-containing diets. No differences (P > 0.05) between acidifiers were found in faecal score or in faecal dry matter and organic matter concentrations. A quadratic response was detected in faecal score for cats consuming the phosphoric acid-containing diets. Cats consuming the 0.6% phosphoric acid diet tended (P = 0.06) to have a lower faecal score than cats consuming the 0.4 and 0.8% phosphoric acid diets. For faecal dry matter, a linear trend was detected in cats consuming the sodium bisulphate (P = 0.08) and phosphoric acid-containing (P = 0.04) diets. Sodium bisulphate and phosphoric acid generally behaved in a similar fashion when incorporated in dry cat diets.     

卡拉胶寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群、小肠微绒毛及免疫功能和生产性能的影响

选择艾维因 (Avian)肉仔鸡 12 0只 ,随机分为卡拉胶寡糖组和对照组 ,每组 6 0只 ,雄、雌各半。试验日粮添加0 .1%卡拉胶寡糖 ,试验期 5 6 d。研究了卡拉胶寡糖 (Oligo- carrageenan)对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,卡拉胶寡糖组鸡盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量均下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;回肠微绒毛密度增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;法氏囊相对重量增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血清新城疫抗体效价提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;增重提高 9% ;料重比降低 2 .9%。结论 :卡拉胶寡糖可抑制肉仔鸡肠道菌的增殖 ,促进小肠微绒毛生长发育 ,提高免疫反应和生产性能     

Effects of feeding bamboo vinegar and acidifier as an antibiotic substitute on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets

Abstract

The experiment was designed to evaluate effects of feeding bamboo vinegar (BV) and acidifier to substitute antibiotic on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets. Three hundred and sixty weaned piglets (body weight (BW) = 10 ± 2 kg) were allocated into three treatments for 25 days of experiment feeding, with three replicates (pen) per treatment. A basal diet was added with antibiotics (Control), 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier I (BVAI), or 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier II (BVAII), respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed intake, final weight, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio (P > 0.05) among different treatments. The species richness and bacterial community diversities in feces were higher for the pigs in treatment BVAI and BVAII than those of pigs in the Control (36.5 and 1.55, respectively), with a significant difference between BVAII and the Control (P < 0.05). The bacterial communities of pigs in BVAI and BVAII clustered together, forming a cluster we designated as Cluster C and separated from another cluster in pigs fed antibiotic designated as Cluster A in the Control treatment. The results indicate that the 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier can replace antibiotics in the diets for piglets without negative effects on production and allow for greater diversity of the intestinal bacterial community compared to antibiotics.