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1.
为了研究板蓝根超微粉对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效,试验以板蓝根普通粉做对照。利用50℃温水提取板蓝根超微粉和普通粉活性成分,水溶性活性成分告依春的高效液相检测,并将水提取物进行体外抑菌试验和体内防治试验。试验将9日龄雄性雏鸡270只,随机分为9组,每组30只。分为2个预防组、5个治疗组、模型组及空白组。试验结果:板蓝根超微粉和普通粉中告依春含量分别为1.681mg/g,1.067mg/g;板蓝根超微粉对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果高度敏感,其抑菌效果大于普通粉,抑菌环分别为16 mm和13 mm。体内试验结果显示,板蓝根超微粉预防有效率90%,普通粉预防有效率73.33%;板蓝根超微粉治愈率为83.33%,普通粉治愈率为70%,氧氟沙星治愈率为86.7%。结论:板蓝根超微粉水溶性活性成分告依春溶出率优于普通粉,超微粉体外抑菌和体内对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的防治均优于板蓝根普通粉。  相似文献   

2.
超微粉碎技术对芪苓制剂总多糖溶出的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
将芪苓制剂通过加工制成普通粉(65—100目)、超微粉(300目),以水提醇沉法提取芪苓制剂普通粉和超微粉中的总多糖,采用蒽酮-硫酸法对其粗多糖进行了含量测定,研究超微粉碎技术对芪苓制剂总多糖溶出度的影响。结果如下:在相同条件下,100g芪苓制剂普通粉中所提粗多糖为1.2608g,芪苓制剂超微粉中所提粗多糖为6.0030g,上述粗多糖样品中多糖的含量分别为44.71%、75.03%;即100g芪苓制剂普通粉中总多糖含量为0.5637g,超微粉中多糖的含量为4.5040g。上述结果表明,超微粉碎技术能显著提高芪苓制剂总多糖的溶出度。  相似文献   

3.
目的:比较不同浸提时间下油菜花粉超微粉和普通粉多糖溶出率的差异。方法:采用苯酚-硫酸法检测多糖含量,红外光谱法测定多糖结构。结果:油菜花粉超微粉多糖的溶出量和溶出速度都大于油菜花粉普通粉。超微粉碎和普通粉碎所得的油菜花粉多糖其主要官能团没有差异。结论:超微粉碎技术能显著提高油菜花粉多糖的溶出量和溶出速度,在油菜花粉多糖提取过程中的应用是可行的。  相似文献   

4.
目的:比较大黄经超微粉碎与普通粉碎后植物细胞在粒度分布和显微特征方面的差异。方法:采用激光粒度分析技术和生物显微鉴别方法,观察大黄超微粉和普通粉的生物特征。结果:大黄超微粉颗粒均匀,粒度呈对称单峰分布,基本无完整细胞存在;而普通粉颗粒大小不均,粉体粒度分布不对称,植物细胞完整。结论:大黄经超微粉碎后,粉末均质度明显改善,植物细胞破壁率明显提高,质量易于控制。  相似文献   

5.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(9):104-110
采用体外溶出法考察黄芪细粉和超微粉中黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的溶出率。按照2010版《中华人民共和国兽药典》规定进行不同粉碎粒度黄芪体外溶出试验,考察不同粉粹粒度的粉末体外溶出行为和释药机制。结果显示,前3060 min,黄芪中成分溶出率为细粉>超微粉,60 min后,溶出率为500目>300目>200目>1000目>80目。结论:黄芪经超微粉碎后的有效成分的溶出与黄芪的粒度大小和浸润有关,而且浸润后存在最佳溶出率粉粹粒度的现象。  相似文献   

6.
目的:比较不同浸提时间菌草鹿角灵芝超微粉和普通粉中多糖和三萜类溶出率的差异。方法:采用苯酚-硫酸法检测多糖含量,以齐墩果酸为标准品,采用紫外-可见分光光度法检测三萜类含量。结果:相同提取时间下,超微粉多糖和三萜类的溶出量分别比细粉的溶出量提高24%和15.2%,溶出度参数T50和Td检测结果显示,超微粉多糖、三萜类溶出速度也比细粉快,在90 min时超微粉多糖累计溶出量达到95%以上,三萜类在90%以上,而细粉的两项溶出量均仅为约70%。结论:超微粉碎技术有利于菌草鹿角灵芝有效成分的溶出。  相似文献   

7.
<正>超微粉中兽药是利用超微粉碎技术,应用机械或流体动力的方法,将中药粉碎至微米甚至纳米级,以提高中药的溶解性、分散性、吸附性和化学反应活性等,这项技术可以极大地提高中兽药利用率和生物活性,在畜牧生产中有着广阔的应用前景。1超微粉中兽药的优点1.1中兽药生物利用度得到明显提高由于通过超微粉碎技术,使中药材的粉碎达到微米甚至是纳米级,药材细胞的破壁率达到95%以上,药材有效成分溶出量和溶出  相似文献   

8.
本试验在成功筛选出抗鸡大肠杆菌(O78)效果较好的中药复方基础上,对该复方进行超微粉制剂的研制,并采用人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的方法对超微粉与普通粉制剂进行药效比较试验。结果表明:①扫描电镜下,超微粉的形态发生了明显的变化,大多破碎成组织碎片,且大小分布均匀;光学显微镜下,超微粉中的组织细胞均被破坏,出现断裂或形成碎片,绝大多数细胞破壁,而普通粉的组织细胞仍完整(如石细胞、导管等明显存在);在相同的条件下(25 ℃,浸泡60 min)乌梅超微粉的有效成分枸橼酸的溶出量比普通粉提高了78.6%,超微粉的溶出度增大;②超微粉高、中剂量组的死亡率均极显著低于感染对照组(P<0.01),超微粉低剂量组、普通粉对照组的死亡率略低于感染对照组(P>0.05);超微粉高剂量组死亡率显著低于普通粉对照组(P<0.05),治愈率、有效率显著高于普通粉对照组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
为研究板蓝根经超微粉碎后对大鼠免疫功能调节的作用影响,利用环磷酰胺构建大鼠免疫低下模型,将80只SD大鼠随机分为4.组,即模型组、普通粉组、超微粉组及空白对照组,每组20只。40 mg/kg环磷酰胺腹腔注射5.d制造免疫抑制大鼠模型,第6.天开始给药,除空白组、模型组灌服生理盐水外,其他组给药5 g/kg。第7.、14天采集血样及大鼠肝脏、脾脏、胸腺组织,测定免疫器官指数、白细胞数量、C3b受体花环形成率(C3b-R)、红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率(ICR)、吞噬百分率、吞噬指数等指标,实时荧光定量PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素2(IL-2) mRNA转录水平,Western blotting法检测TNF-ɑ和IL-2蛋白表达水平。结果显示,模型组大鼠白细胞数量、体重、胸腺和脾脏免疫器官指数较空白对照组均显著降低(P<0.05)。第14天时,超微粉组巨噬细胞吞噬百分率达到54.75%,吞噬指数为0.58;C3b-R为9.44%,显著高于普通粉组(8.97%)(P<0.05),超微粉组ICR为6.09%,低于普通粉组(6.33%)(P>0.05)。与普通粉组相比,第14天板蓝根超微粉组肝脏中TNF-α、IL-2 mRNA转录水平和蛋白水平的表达提高。综上所述,板蓝根超微粉和普通粉均可显著增强大鼠非特异性免疫功能,但超微粉效果优于普通粉。  相似文献   

10.
黄芪和淫羊藿超微粉粉体粒度及破壁情况研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
应用JL 9200激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜对黄芪和淫羊藿两种中药超微粉的粉体粒度及其破壁情况进行了初步研究。结果表明,黄芪和淫羊藿两种中药超微粉的粒度分布中心D50 分别为6.82μm和8.40μm,且90%以上的两种中药粉体的粒径大小均未超过40.72μm。经电镜观察,两种中药超微粉的破壁情况良好,均难以看到完整的细胞形态。  相似文献   

11.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

12.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

15.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

19.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

20.
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