LED灯在蛋鸡养殖中的应用与研究

LED灯具有耗电量低,使用寿命长,制作材料无毒环保等特点。这次试验主要研究LED灯在蛋鸡舍中的应用对蛋鸡死淘率以及产蛋性能的影响。结果显示,育成阶段使用不同瓦数LED灯作为照明光源对鸡的体重、均匀度、耗料量影响不显著,但可提高鸡群均匀度;产蛋阶段产蛋率、破蛋率、平均蛋重和饲料转化率的差异不显著,并且不同强度LED灯之间差异不显著,但是LED灯的使用明显降低了死淘率,分析原因与LED灯光源稳定,无频闪,对保持鸡群稳定有利。表明LED灯在蛋鸡养殖中应有安全有效。     

LED灯带对笼养蛋鸡育成、产蛋期生产性能的影响

本试验对采用白炽灯作为照明光源的半自动化蛋鸡养殖场育成期(50~140日龄)、产蛋期(141~262日龄)底层鸡笼安装LED灯带,观察记录底层笼养蛋鸡育成期体重、均匀度、死淘数,产蛋期产蛋率、平均蛋重、死淘数。试验结果表明:灯带对底层鸡笼育成鸡的平均体重、死淘数、均匀度的影响明显。对底层产蛋期鸡群生产性能(平均蛋重、产蛋率、死淘数等)影响不明显。     

LED灯光照对笼养蛋鸡生产性能的影响及节能效果分析

将同批海兰褐商品蛋鸡随机分为2栋,分别采用LED灯和普通节能灯作为光源,进行笼养蛋鸡生产性能的影响及节能效果分析。结果表明:在产蛋期内使用LED灯鸡群死淘率与对照组相比显著降低0073%(P005);显著提高产蛋率383%(P005);使用成本降低6757%。     

半开放式鸡舍减少补光量对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

为了探索减少半开放式鸡舍补光量对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,对照组采用172个白炽灯作为光源进行,试验组采用121个白炽灯作为光源进行。观察记录笼养蛋鸡育成期的体重和均匀度、产蛋期产蛋率、破损蛋率、平均蛋重、死亡淘汰数等生产性能指标。试验结果表明:减少补光灯位数会降低育成期蛋鸡体重和均匀度;产蛋期试验组与对照组的平均蛋重与破损蛋率差异显著,但在其他生产指标上差异不显著。说明减少补光灯位数可以显著提高平均蛋重,减少破损蛋率,对死淘率和产蛋率等影响不明显。     

潞党参对海兰褐蛋鸡死淘率和生产性能的影响

研究潞党参作为免疫增强剂对海兰褐蛋鸡死淘率和生产性能的影响。试验选用差异不显著的1032只海兰褐蛋雏鸡分为A、B组,每组516只。A组为潞党参,B组为对照。在给A、B组鸡群先后接种鸡新城疫IV系疫苗、法氏囊中毒力苗、禽流感H5N1疫苗前1d,把潞党参连续给A组鸡群饮水3d。重复此试验2次,统计21～72周龄蛋鸡只死淘率、产蛋率。结果显示潞党参可明显提高海兰褐蛋鸡的生产性能,并降低蛋鸡的死淘率。     

饥饿法强制换羽对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

为了研究饥饿法强制换羽技术对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,选取449日龄的京红1号蛋鸡13 876只进行饥饿法强制换羽试验,测定强制换羽期间试验鸡的产蛋数、死淘数和蛋品质及停料期间试验鸡体重下降情况,分析强制换羽对产蛋率、减重率、死淘率及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:停料第12天时鸡群停止产蛋,恢复喂料后第4天鸡群开始见蛋,第25天产蛋率达50.00%以上,第6周产蛋率达85.00%以上;饥饿第15天时减重率达30.09%,达到恢复喂料的标准要求,初始体重较低的鸡减重率高于初始体重较高的鸡(P0.05);停料期间鸡群总死淘率为0.66%,停料9～15天鸡群的日均死淘率显著高于第1～4天(P0.05),恢复喂料19 d内鸡群总死淘率为0.85%,恢复喂料第1～4天的日均死淘率显著高于其他时间段(P0.05);换羽后蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位等均有升高趋势。说明饥饿法强制换羽可有效改善产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,延长蛋鸡的产蛋年限。     

LED灯在清远麻鸡产蛋期的应用

LED灯具有绿色环保、节能高效和使用寿命长等特点。文章初步比较了LED灯与普通节能灯在生产中应用的区别,结果表明:使用LED灯光照系统的鸡群,在合格产蛋数和降低死淘率以及耗料量等方面均有一定的优势,特别在降低电能耗方面具有突出优势,而在孵化成绩上与常规光照系统的鸡群持平。建议在清远麻鸡产蛋期推广使用LED灯。     

鸡群规模对蛋鸡生产性能影响的实证分析

为了解鸡群规模对蛋鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响,研究对某大型蛋鸡养殖公司2008~2013年间不同规模鸡群生产数据进行了比较分析。结果显示:该公司鸡群规模从4 000只扩大到70 000只时,仅死淘率有显著差异。青年鸡时,2.5万只以上规模的鸡群死淘率最高,而产蛋期,该规模鸡群死淘率最低。而且该规模鸡群使用年限有延长趋势。此外,鸡群规模对各阶段的采食量、产蛋率、破蛋比例均无显著影响。研究表明:当配套设施完善时,扩大鸡群规模不仅能提高生产效率,还能提高经济效益。     

J亚群禽白血病对商品蛋鸡生产性能影响的研究

试验对一个大型蛋用鸡场的不同种源商品代蛋鸡群的J亚群禽白血病毒(ALV-J)感染状态与鸡群总死淘率、肿瘤发生率、生产性能的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,从ALV-J感染的父母代鸡场引进的商品代蛋鸡,从性成熟开始不仅整个鸡群的ALV-J抗体阳性率较高,而且总死淘率显著高于生产标准,主要是由肿瘤/血管瘤引起。这些鸡群的产蛋性能也显著低于生产标准。从2009年下半年起,选择无ALV-J感染的父母代种鸡场作为种源,引进19批约190万只雏鸡,分别在1~21周龄抽检血清ALV-J抗体,均为阴性,且不再有肿瘤/血管瘤发生。两年多来,这些无ALV-J感染蛋鸡群的总死淘率不仅比ALV-J感染鸡群降低8.34%,也显著低于生产手册的规定,产蛋率及产蛋高峰持续期均显著高于生产标准。临床和试验观测表明,种鸡感染ALV-J能显著影响商品代蛋鸡的生产性能,选择无ALV-J感染的种源是规模化养鸡场生物安全的最重要措施之一。     

蛋鸡血管瘤病的防控措施

最近几年,由于个体饲养蛋种鸡的养殖户相对增加,祖代、父母代种鸡场饲养管理不到位、免疫程序不正规、实验室检测不完善、发病后治愈不彻底等诸多因素,造成商品蛋鸡的血管瘤病发病率明显上升,严重影响蛋鸡的产蛋率,增加了死淘率,发病鸡群死淘率在10％～20％之间;鸡群产蛋没有高峰,仅达70％～80％左右.给养鸡业造成很大的经济损失.     

饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

 选择鸡群变动小、生长良好的成年笼养蛋鸡2000只和5家放养比较规范的农户（每户700只）,研究不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡产蛋性能、经济效益的影响。结果表明：生态放养的绿壳蛋鸡产蛋率显著低于笼养鸡（P<0.05）,笼养比生态放养的蛋重平均值高15.80%（P<0.01）。笼养鸡的效益为44.76元/只,生态放养鸡的效益为59.39元/只。     

Assessment of the safety and efficacy of low pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus in inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in laying hens

In Korea, several outbreaks of low pathogenic AI (H9N2) viral infections leading to decreased egg production and increased mortality have been reported on commercial farms since 1996, resulting in severe economic losses. To control the H9N2 LPAI endemic, the Korea Veterinary Authority has permitted the use of the inactivated H9N2 LPAI vaccine since 2007. In this study, we developed a killed vaccine using a low pathogenic H9N2 AI virus (A/chicken/Korea/ADL0401) and conducted safety and efficacy tests in commercial layer farms while focusing on analysis of factors that cause losses to farms, including egg production rate, egg abnormality, and feed efficiency. The egg production rate of the control group declined dramatically 5 days after the challenge. There were no changes in feed consumption of all three groups before the challenge, but rates of the control declined afterward. Clinical signs in the vaccinated groups were similar, and a slight decline in feed consumption was observed after challenge; however, this returned to normal more rapidly than the control group and commercial layers. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the safety and efficacy of the vaccine are adequate to provide protection against the AI field infection (H9N2) epidemic in Korea.     

酸菜汤对罗曼蛋鸡生产性能的影响

为研究酸菜汤对罗曼蛋鸡生产性能的影响,试验将酸菜汤作为微生态制剂投于生产蛋鸡饮水中,与山楂水、恩诺沙星饮水进行对比。结果表明:酸菜汤组和山楂水组的料蛋比、死亡率、破蛋率、软蛋壳率、淘汰率均降低,且产蛋率显著提高,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。酸菜汤组和山楂水组的产蛋数、死亡数、淘汰数、破蛋数、软壳蛋数、耗料量以及蛋重进行对比,酸菜汤组比山楂水组效果好。恩诺沙星组对罗曼蛋鸡的生产性能有一定影响,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Illuminance and UV-A exposure during rearing affects egg production in broiler breeders transferred to open-sided adult housing

1. Broiler breeders were reared in light-proof accommodation on 8-h photoperiods at an illuminance of 10 (W10), 40 (W40) or 100 lux (W100) from warm-white fluorescent lamps, or 10 lux (UV10) from Arcadia bird lamps (white light plus UV-A emission). At 20 weeks, 200 birds from each group were transferred to open-sided housing and a 16-h mixture of natural and warm-white fluorescent light. 2. Mortality during rearing and body weight at 20 weeks were similar for all groups. 3. The W10 birds matured 2 d later, had inferior rates of lay over peak production and laid 9 fewer eggs to 60 weeks than the other groups. Mean egg weight, extra large egg production and mortality between 20 and 60 weeks were unaffected by lighting during the rearing period. The UV10 birds had a significantly better rate of lay between 52 and 60 weeks than any of the groups reared on white light. 4. The findings suggest that ultraviolet radiation does not directly affect hypothalamic activity, but that retinally received UV during the rearing period prolongs the laying cycle through a modification of the hormonal control of photorefractoriness.     

A comparison of the effects of feeding treatments and lighting on age at first egg and subsequent laying performance and carcase composition of broiler breeder hens

The effects of the growth curve from 15 to 20 weeks, age at photostimulation and pattern of photostimulus on sexual maturity, egg production and egg weight were evaluated in two trials with broiler breeder females to 56 and 34 weeks of age (housed in litter pens and individually caged, respectively). Carcase composition and reproductive morphology of hens varying in laying efficiency were measured in the second trial. Trial 1: Four growth curves were applied from 15 to 20 weeks to pullets housed in litter pens. Birds were transferred from 8- to 10-h photoperiods at 20 or 24 weeks of age, followed by weekly increments of one hour to reach a 16-h final photoperiod. Lower-than-recommended body weights at 20 weeks significantly delayed sexual maturity, reduced peak rate of lay, total eggs and mean egg weight. However, double-yolked egg production was lower, resulting in non-significant differences in settable egg numbers between body weight treatments. Birds reared to the heaviest body weight exhibited a significantly advanced sexual maturity, but total egg numbers, peak rate of lay and mean egg weight were not significantly affected. However, the laying of more double-yolked eggs resulted in a decrease in the number of settable eggs. Delaying photostimulation to 24 weeks significantly retarded sexual maturity, reduced total and settable egg numbers, and increased mean egg weight. A tendency for fewer double-yolked eggs was observed. Trial 2: At 19 weeks, birds were selected from the 4 body weight categories in Trial 1 and moved to individual cages in 8 rooms. Five lighting programmes were applied. The pattern of photostimulation applied did not affect any of the production traits measured. At 34 weeks, 24 birds were selected for the analysis of reproductive morphology, presence of internal or multiple ovulations, and carcase composition. Eight hens showing an early age at first egg and regular egg production records, 8 birds showing erratic laying performance and 8 non-layers were killed for this purpose. There were no differences in carcase composition or reproductive morphology between these groups. No internal ovulations or double or multiple ovarian hierarchies were observed. The results presented confirm that broiler breeders do not require a lighting stimulus in order to initiate ovarian activity and that, where no lighting stimulus is given, body weight or feeding level plays a critical role in stimulating the birds to attain sexual maturity. However, when a lighting stimulus is given, factors such as body weight and body composition become relatively less important in regulating the age at sexual maturity.     

酶菌混合制剂对产蛋中后期海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋性能与粪便酸溶蛋白含量的影响

为探究酶菌混合制剂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响,以52周龄海兰褐蛋鸡为研究对象设置试验组和对照组,试验组根据酶菌混合制剂添加量的不同分为高、中、低三组,依次添加750 g/t、500 g/t、250 g/t的酶菌混合制剂,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。检测各组蛋鸡粪便酸溶蛋白、产蛋数、蛋重、哈氏单位、蛋壳强度、破软蛋率及耗料量等指标。结果显示:(1)试验组蛋鸡自饲喂第3天开始粪便酸溶蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),低剂量组自饲喂第5天起粪便酸溶蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)试验组产蛋率、蛋重、料蛋比与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)试验组哈氏单位、蛋壳强度、破软蛋率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,酶与益生菌联合应用可有效降低蛋鸡粪便酸溶蛋白含量,提高蛋鸡生产性能,并能改善蛋品质。     

Influence of hormonal extracts on hens producing eggs with non-calcified or partially calcified shells and factors associated with this condition.

1. Daily injection of hypothalameal extract (HE) and adenohypophyseal extract (AE) into hens aged 56 or 67 weeks for 14 d did not significantly influence the production of shell-less (SL) or ultra-thin-shell (UTS) eggs. 2. The injection of HE significantly increased hard-shell (HS) egg production in the younger hens. 3. Neither AE nor HE affected egg weight, serum calcium, gain in body weight or food consumption. 4. In a third experiment hens selected for poor egg production laid at a rate of 58% of which 36% were SL, 29% UTS and 35% HS eggs. Whereas the production rate of the good layers was 65% of which 1-4% were SL and 1-4% were UTS eggs. 5. Specific gravity of HS eggs, serum calcium, weight of ovary, oviduct, or adenohypophysis did not differ between good and poor layers. 6. Since SL and UTS eggs are easily overlooked the decrease in egg production with age may be as great as indicated by normal production records; the problem may be concerned more with the mechanism of shell formation.     

饲料中添加不同剂量党参对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

为探讨在饲料中添加不同剂量的党参对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,将党参粉碎后分别按0.25%0、.5%、0.75%、1%4个剂量水平添加于蛋鸡饲料中进行试验。结果显示,4个剂量的党参对蛋鸡的生产性能均有一定提高作用。其中,0.5%剂量水平的效果最佳,产蛋率较对照组平均增加4.37%,产蛋高峰（88%以上）维持近1.5个月,蛋重平均增加1.175 g,料蛋比降低了0.26%。     

禽白血病病毒J亚群感染对五华鸡生产性能和免疫性能的影响

为了解禽白血病病毒J-亚群(ALV-J)感染对安徽省优良地方品种鸡—五华鸡生产性能和免疫性能的影响,在对五华鸡开展ALV-J血清学感染检测调研的基础上,对进入产蛋高峰期的五华鸡ALV-J血清阳性鸡群和阴性鸡群开展了为期18周的试验对比观察研究。结果表明,ALV-J血清阳性(感染或曾经感染)对五华鸡没有造成明显的发病和死亡增高现象;对鸡群新城疫(ND)、禽流感H5和H9疫苗的免疫效果没有呈现明显抑制;但对鸡群的产蛋率和平均蛋重会造成一定程度的下降(对照组平均产蛋率和蛋重分别为56%和0.055 kg,而试验组为53.37%和0.051 kg),料蛋比有一定程度的上升(对照组的料蛋比为3.49∶1,试验组为3.92∶1)。目前ALV-J感染虽然不会造成五华鸡明显的发病、死亡及免疫抑制,但可造成明显的生产性能下降和饲养成本的提高,必须引起高度重视,应及早开展原种鸡的ALV-J净化工作。     

Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus concentrations on retention of these nutrients by caged layers

1. A 5 3 factorial experiment was carried out with caged White Leghorn hens with 5 concentrations of calcium (26.0, 29.0, 32.5, 36.0, 39.0 g/kg) and 3 concentrations of phosphorus (4.3, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg) for 120 d. Variables observed were hen day egg production, food consumption, shell weight, shell weight per unit surface area (SWUSA) and egg content. 2. 36.0 g calcium (Ca) and 4.3 g phosphorus (P) kg were found to be the dietary concentrations that resulted in optimal hen day egg production, shell weight, SWUSA and egg content. 3. Lack of a significant interaction between the effects of calcium and phosphorus on production parameters showed that the dietary Ca: P ratio is not of great importance for the laying hen. 4. Absolute retentions of Ca and P were inversely related to percentage retentions. 5. A balance study of calcium and phosphorus also showed optima at 36.0 g Ca and 4.3 g P per kg. 6. It was inferred that 36.0 g Ca and 5.0 g total P per kg are the optimal concentrations in diets for caged layers in a tropical climate.