鸡蛋中兽药残留形成过程及防控措施研究

文章分析了鸡蛋中兽药残留的特点,以及兽药残留的形成过程和检测技术,并提出了有效的预防鸡蛋中兽药残留的措施,为蛋鸡养殖者提供参考。     

鸡蛋中兽药残留的危害、检测方法与防控措施

鸡蛋中的兽药残留主要是指抗生素类药物、合成抗菌药物、抗球虫药物以及农药等,以上药物都是蛋鸡饲养过程中的常用药,因其价格低廉、广谱抗菌、抗菌效果良好等优点被广泛应用,容易造成兽药残留,对人体健康产生直接危害。加之细菌容易对这些药物产生耐药性,可经由食物链导致人类感染耐药菌株,尤其是鸡蛋中兽药残留会造成人体内敏感细菌形成耐药性,这已经被全世界关注。现概述鸡蛋中兽药残留的危害、检测方法及防控措施。     

鸡蛋中药物残留形成的原因与监控研究进展

鸡蛋是最常见的动物源性食品之一,鸡蛋中兽药残留问题已引起世界各国的重视。文中就我国鸡蛋中兽药残留形成的常见原因及采取的监控措施作一综述,旨在呼吁鸡蛋生产的各个部门注意减少鸡蛋中的兽药残留,维护畜牧业经济的发展及人类健康。     

鸡蛋中的兽药残留规律及其影响因素探讨

综述了鸡蛋中兽药残留的原因、种类及兽药在鸡蛋中的残留规律和影响因素,对建立鸡蛋中兽药残留检测方法及监控蛋鸡养殖场兽药使用具有重要意义。     

鸡蛋中兽药残留的检测方法及其防治措施

随着生活水平的提高,鸡蛋成为人们日常饮食中必不可少的食物,而鸡蛋中兽药残留问题也已成为了食品安全关注的焦点之一。广大养鸡户或养殖公司的养殖水平及食品安全法律意识存在巨大差异,鸡蛋和鸡肉中的兽药残留超标问题仍然存在。为此,本文对鸡蛋中兽药残留的检测方法及其防治措施进行综述,以期为减少鸡蛋中兽药残留提供参考,同时提高广大从业者的食品安全法律意识。     

鸡蛋中兽药残留现状及检测技术研究进展

鸡蛋作为一种常见的动物源性食品,兽药残留不容忽视。本文对鸡蛋中兽药残留的现状进行了介绍,总结了近些年关于鸡蛋中兽药残留的检测技术,为今后开发出更加高效、灵敏、低检出限的新检测方法提供依据。     

鸡蛋兽药残留原因与控制

本文根据福建省近五年及国家2020年禽蛋产品兽药残留监测结果,分析兽药残留原因,提出综合控制措施,为控制鸡蛋中兽药残留提供参考。     

抗生素类兽药残留的检测

抗生素是微生物在代谢过程中对其他微生物具有杀灭或抑制作用的次级代谢产物。抗生素的发现使人类掌握了治疗感染性疾病的有力武器,抗生素在兽医和畜牧业生产中均有大量应用,临床诊断用于呼吸系统、消化系统和生殖系统感染的治疗。大部分抗生素作为兽药添加剂用于动物疾病预防,降低死亡率和促生长。但抗生素存在耐药性、过敏和稳定性等问题,对人有毒害作用。因此,抗生素类兽药残留检测是各国兽药残留监控的重要内容。     

鸡蛋中喹诺酮类兽药残留现状及对策建议

就鸡蛋中喹诺酮类兽药残留现状、残留危害、原因分析及对策建议进行综述,以期为养殖场(户)用药的规范、相关部门监管执法的开展、鸡蛋中喹诺酮类兽药残留的质量安全标准和评定程序的研究与制定提供参考。     

注意控制肉鸡的药物残留问题

当前 ,出口肉鸡中兽药残留的问题日益严重 ,这不仅影响了出口创汇 ,也影响了人们的身体健康。因为肉鸡生长期短 ,药物应用后鸡体不能完全排池掉而造成残留 ,人若长期食用这类鸡肉或鸡蛋会对人体产生各种各样的危害 ,这些危害包括产生过敏反应 ,导致耐药性菌株的产生和引起体内正常的菌群失调 ,以及致畸、致癌等。现在 ,有害药物残留的问题主要是医药市场管理混乱 ,养鸡场 (户 )在饲养过程中停药期短。在如何控制药物残留的问题上 ,首先要从药物的源头上抓起。兽药厂商应在兽药包装上明确注明该药的主要成分 ,化学名称 ,主要治疗的疾病 ,并且…     

常用抗生素在鸡体内消除和鸡蛋中残留的规律研究进展

抗生素类药物在蛋鸡养殖过程中起着非常重要的作用,但一直以来抗生素的使用缺乏科学的指导,致使抗生素残留在动物性食品和环境中,给生态系统和人类健康带来了巨大的威胁。从21世纪初开始,全球各个国家和相关国际组织采取相应的措施控制动物性食品中抗生素的残留,并逐渐加大了监察力度。文章对蛋鸡饲养过程中常用抗生素在鸡体内的消除和在鸡蛋中的残留规律进行综述,并根据我国部分省市鸡蛋中抗生素残留现状,综述影响鸡蛋抗生素残留的因素,拟为抗生素的合理使用和休药期的制订提供参考。     

鸡蛋药物残留研究进展

国内外鸡蛋药物残留主要包括合成抗菌药物（磺胺类药物、喹诺酮类药物和硝基咪唑类药物）、抗生素类药物（四环素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类及其他抗生素类药物）、抗球虫药物（聚醚类药物）及农药等。这些药物都是常见的家禽用药,由于其效果好、价格低廉、抗菌谱广等被广泛应用。但药物残留直接危害人体健康,且细菌对该类药物较易产生耐药性,耐药菌株可通过食物链向人类传递,此外鸡蛋药物的残留也可导致人体内敏感细菌产生耐药性,该现象已引起了全世界的关注。目前对动物性食品药物残留进行监测是确保食品安全和人类健康的最后一道防线。因此鸡蛋常见药物残留的监测技术的研究,可确保鸡蛋食用安全性,提高鸡蛋的质量,保障人体健康,增强国际贸易竞争力。     

Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature

Poultry treated with pharmaceutical products can produce eggs contaminated with drug residues. Such residues could pose a risk to consumer health. The following is a review of the information available in the literature regarding drug pharmacokinetics in laying hens, and the deposition of drugs into eggs of poultry species, primarily chickens. The available data suggest that, when administered to laying hens, a wide variety of drugs leave detectable residues in eggs laid days to weeks after the cessation of treatment.     

山东省蛋鸡产蛋期安全用药情况的调研分析

基于对山东省鸡蛋兽药残留情况的调研,本文对蛋鸡产蛋期用药情况进行了现状分析,且具体分析了蛋鸡产蛋期发病原因、用药和残留现状,探讨了影响蛋品质量安全的风险因素和问题,并针对性的提出了产蛋期安全用药的意见建议。为科学、正确、合理的使用兽药,规范蛋鸡养殖环节用药行为,降低鸡蛋中兽药残留风险,提供了有力的数据支撑和技术指导。     

Prevalence of antimicrobial residues in raw table eggs from farms and retail outlets in Enugu State,Nigeria

The use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production results in their accumulation in the body tissues and products such as milk and egg. The subsequent accumulation of these drugs and their metabolites in body cells is known as drug residue. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial residues in eggs from poultry farms and retail outlets in Enugu State, Nigeria. Eggs from 25 selected commercial farms and ten retail outlets were screened for the prevalence of antimicrobial residue. Also, structured questionnaires were administered to 25 commercial farms in the state to determine the management practices and the most widely used antimicrobial drugs in farms and possible association between the management practices and the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in eggs from these farms. All the 25 farms surveyed use oxytetracycline. Eggs from nine of the surveyed farms tested positive for antimicrobial residue and three of the ten surveyed farms also tested positive for antimicrobial residue. No association was observed (p 0.05; Fisher’s exact test) between the occurrence of antibiotic residues in eggs and farm size, feed source and housing systems. This study was able to demonstrate the presence of antimicrobial residues in eggs destined for human consumption. Drugs like nitrofurans which has been banned for use in food animals are still very much in use in Enugu State, Nigeria. Antibiotics given as feed additives may give rise to drug residues in food animals.     

Residues of aminoglycoside antibiotics in eggs after medication of laying hens

1. The transfer of aminoglycoside antibiotics into eggs was determined separately from albumen, yolk or whole egg after oral administration of dihydrostreptomycin (DHS), neomycin and spectinomycin and after an intramuscular injection of DHS. Residues were assayed by an agar plate diffusion method in cylinders with a specific test organism for each antibiotic. 2. Only DHS, administered by the intramuscular route, led to detectable residues in eggs. The total amount of DHS excreted via the eggs represented 1% of the dose administered. 3. Residues in the whole egg were detected for 8 d.     

Antibiotic residues (bacterial inhibitory substances) in the milk of cows treated under label and extra-label conditions

The objectives of this study were to describe the depletion pattern of antibiotic residues (microbial inhibitory substances) from the milk of cows treated under field conditions of clinical disease and antibiotic administration, including both label and extra-label use, and to determine if the type of extra-label use, the route of administration, and the drug used were factors associated with prolonged shedding of residues in milk.

Milk samples from 138 cows, treated with a variety of antibiotic products on farms in southwestern Ontario in 1989 and 1990, were collected before treatment and for six days after cessation of treatment. Samples were tested for antibiotic residues with the Brilliant Black reduction test (BR-test) and the Bacillus stearothermophilus var calidolactis disc assay. In 13/138 (9.4%) of cow treatments, at least one milk sample was positive on both antibiotic residue tests after the label milk withholding time for the drug(s) used. In ten of these instances, the antibiotics were administered in extra-label fashion and in three the drugs were reportedly used according to label instructions. Extra-label use of antibiotics was significantly associated with increased risk of antibiotic residues in milk beyond the label withholding time. No significant differences in risk were observed among the various antibiotic products used in the study.

The farms involved in this study were selected on the basis of their proximity to our laboratory; therefore, the frequency of antibiotic residue detection after withholding times may not be indicative of the provincial or national situation. If farmers and veterinarians find themselves in a situation where extra-label use of an antibiotic is necessary, use of an alternative antibiotic that can be used at label dose and with a known withdrawal time may avoid a problem with residues.

     

动物性食品中抗菌药物残留检测方法研究进展

抗菌类药物在预防、治疗动物疾病中发挥了重要的作用,但不规范用药、超剂量用药甚至滥用,使动物性食品中抗菌类药物残留问题日益突出,引起人们的广泛关注。对动物性食品中抗菌类药物残留的检测是判定其安全性的重要内容,根据检测的目的和需要,可将检测方法分为现场检测和实验室检测。胶体金免疫层析法是目前使用最广的现场检测方法;实验室检测方法众多,又可分为抗菌类药物残留的定性检测法和定量检测法,前者主要包括2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑法（TTC法）、纸片法（PD法）、活性检测法等,后者主要包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法、毛细管电泳法、生物传感器法和免疫分析法等,可满足不同检测目的和实验条件的需要。作者对肉、蛋、奶中抗菌类药物残留的现场检测和实验室检测技术进行了总结,为更进一步研究快速、敏感、高通量、成本低廉的食品中抗菌类药物残留检测方法奠定理论基础。     

2017年酒泉市部分地区市动物性食品喹诺酮类抗生素残留情况调查与分析

研究旨在初步了解并分析甘肃省酒泉市部分地区市动物性食品喹诺酮类抗生素残留情况,为相应的膳食安全评估提供基础数据。于2017年3—10月在酒泉市部分地区随机采集动物性食品共235份,应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对被检样品中喹诺酮类抗生素残留进行检测与分析。结果表明:235份样品中有14份样品检测含有喹诺酮类抗生素残留,检出率5.96%,其中猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋、羊肉和牛肉的检出率分别为4.56%(2/43)、4.17%(1/24)、25.00%(5/20)、4.69%(6/128)和0.00%(0/20),且2份鸡蛋样品检测超标,超标率0.85%(2/235);此外,14份阳性样品中恩诺沙星的检出率最高,为64.28%(9/14)。说明酒泉市部分动物性食品存在喹诺酮类抗生素残留,对消费者健康造成一定的威胁,应引起相关部门的重视。