传染性喉气管炎疫苗免疫对鸡红细胞免疫功能状态的影响

选择健康仔鸡40只，随机分为4组，每组10只。Ⅰ组为健康对照组，Ⅱ－Ⅳ组为不同处理的试验组。在45日龄日，Ⅱ级免疫传染性喉气管炎（ILT）疫苗，Ⅲ组免疫ILT疫苗同时肌肉注射中药免疫增强剂Ⅰ，Ⅳ组免疫ILT疫苗同时肌肉注射中药免疫增强剂Ⅱ。分别在免疫前1天、免疫后第3天和第9天，测定各组鸡的红细胞免疫功能状态。结果发现，试验Ⅱ组的鸡在ILT疫苗免疫后3天，RBC－CR1花环率和RBC－IC花环率显著降低，与其他各组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）。免疫后9天，RBC－CR1花环率和RBC－IC花环率升高到正常水平；而Ⅲ和Ⅳ组，免疫后RBC－CR1花环率高于I组（P＜0．01、P＜0．05）。说明ILT疫苗免疫会引机体红细胞免疫功能的短暂性降低；疫苗免疫的同时使用中药增强剂能够消除红细胞功能短暂性降低的不良反应。     

中药复方制剂对鸡红细胞免疫功能影响的研究

选择120只健康仔鸡，随机分成8组，每组15只。Ⅰ组为健康对照，Ⅱ组为接毒对照，Ⅲ～Ⅴ组分别是中药免疫对照(剂量为1％，2％，5％饲料添加)，Ⅵ组为疫苗应用对照组，Ⅶ组为中药预防对照组，Ⅷ组为疫苗与中药共同免疫，再接种禽流感病毒，中药应用剂量与方法同Ⅲ组。分别在免疫前1天、免疫后第三天、攻毒后第二天，按郭峰法测定各组鸡的红细胞免疫功能状态。结果试验表明：Ⅱ组攻毒后三天，RBC—CR1花环率和RBC—IC花环率显著降低，相对其他各组差异极显著。Ⅵ组在疫苗免疫后第三天，红细胞免疫功能出现短暂性降低，但在第九天恢复正常。Ⅶ组中药预防组虽然RBC—CR1花环率和RBC—IC花环率降低，相对Ⅰ组(正常对照组)差别不显著，且在第九天，升高到正常水平。Ⅷ组疫苗与中药同时应用，该复方制剂能消除红细胞免疫功能短暂性降低的不良反应。Ⅲ～Ⅴ组(免疫增强组)RBC—CR1花环率和RBC—IC花环率，相对Ⅰ组(正常对照组)差别显著，与其他组差别极显著。结论：接种AIV后会引起鸡红细胞免疫功能降低，该中药复方能增强机体免疫功能的同时，且能消除红细胞免疫功能降低所带来的不良反应。     

中药复方制剂对鸡红细胞免疫功能影响的研究

选择120只健康仔鸡,随机分成8组,每组15只。Ⅰ组为健康对照,Ⅱ组为接毒对照,Ⅲ-Ⅴ组分别是中药免疫对照(剂量为1％,2％,5％饲料添加),Ⅵ组为疫苗应用对照组,Ⅶ组为中药预防对照组,Ⅷ组为疫苗与中药共同免疫,再接种禽流感病毒,中药应用剂量与方法同Ⅲ组。分别在免疫前1天、免疫后第三天、攻毒后第二天,按郭峰法测定各组鸡的红细胞免疫功能状态。结果试验表明:Ⅱ组攻毒后三天,RBC-cR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率显著降低,相对其他各组差异极显著。Ⅵ组在疫苗免疫后第三天,红细胞免疫功能出现短暂性降低,但在第九天恢复正常。Ⅵ组中药预防组虽然RBc—CR1花环率和RBc—IC花环率降低,相对Ⅰ组(正常对照组)差别不显著,且在第九天,升高到正常水平。Ⅷ组疫苗与中药同时应用,该复方制剂能消除红细胞免疫功能短暂性降低的不良反应。Ⅲ～Ⅴ组(免疫增强组)RBC—CR1花环率和RBC—IC花环率,相对Ⅰ组(正常对照组)差别显著,与其他组差别极显著。结论:接种AIV后会引起鸡红细胞免疫功能降低,该中药复方能增强机体免疫功能的同时,且能消除红细胞免疫功能降低所带来的不良反应。     

中药复方多糖对鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

观察不同浓度的中药复方多糖、黄芪多糖（APS）、当归多糖（ASP）及淫羊藿多糖（EPS）对正常罗曼雏鸡免疫功能的影响。将260羽1日龄健康罗曼雏鸡随机分为13组，每组20羽。分别于1日龄皮下注射生理盐水以及中药复方多糖、APS、ASP、EPS，连续注射7d，于7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56日龄采血，检测红细胞免疫功能。试验结果表明：使用中药复方多糖、APS、ASP、EPS后，各试验组红细胞-Gb花环率和红细胞-IC花环率明显升高。中药复方多糖红细胞-C3b花环率和红细胞-IC花环率显著高于其他多糖组。中药复方多糖、APS、ASP、EPS均可提高鸡的红细胞免疫功能，其中以中药复方多糖效果最好。     

免疫活性因子增强鸡红细胞免疫应答的研究

将试验用鸡随机分成A、B、C、D四个组,A、B为试验组,C、D对照组。A组每只鸡注射0.05ml免疫活性因子溶液,B组每只鸡口服0.05ml免疫活性因子溶液,C组口服0.05ml生理盐水,D空白对照,于处理后7d、14d时采用红细胞免疫指标检测方法,并求其平均值。试验结果表明,14日龄和21日龄时A组的红细胞-C3b受体花环率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而红细胞-IC受体花环率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。B组与对照组的红细胞-C3b受体花环率与红细胞-IC受体花环率差异显著(P<0.05)。2个试验组之间红细胞-C3b受体花环率、红细胞-IC受体花环率差异不显著。结果表明,口服与注射免疫活性因子均具有红细胞免疫增强作用,两种使用方法效果差异不显著。     

蓝黄青口服液对鸡传染性喉气管炎疫苗免疫的影响

为测定蓝黄青口服液(LHQY)对鸡传染性喉气管炎(ILT)免疫以及红细胞免疫力的影响,试验分为4组,分别为对照组、LHQY(浓度为1∶1500)饮水组、鸡传染性喉气管炎和鸡痘基因工程活载体疫苗免疫组和二者同时给予组.结果显示,LHQY给药后3d就能极显著提高健康鸡的RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率(P＜0.01),并且这种作用效果可以持续20d以上;与疫苗同用,RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率均显著或极显著高于健康对照组和疫苗组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).进行攻毒保护试验,发现LHQY用药组的RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率均极显著高于感染对照组(P＜0.01),LHQY与疫苗混合使用这两种花环率也极显著高于感染对照组(P＜0.01),并整体高于疫苗组.说明蓝黄青口服液能显著提高鸡红细胞免疫功能,对ILT有很好的预防和治疗作用.     

马立克氏病强毒及CVI988疫苗对鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究马立克氏病强毒及疫苗的不同免疫途径对鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响。选用128羽1日龄海兰褐公雏鸡,随机分为4组,即对照组（C）、马立克强毒攻毒组（V）、马立克疫苗腹腔注射免疫组（PI）和颈部皮下注射免疫组（HI）,在试验不同阶段,每组各取4羽鸡称重、采血、剖检。通过红细胞计数试验,RBC-CR1、RBC-IC花环率试验,扫描电镜观察试验,检测红细胞免疫功能。结果表明,攻毒组体重明显低于未攻毒组,在26日龄剖检时开始有肉眼可见的病理变化;与对照组相比,攻毒组红细胞数量下降,在35 d时降到最低,RBC-IC花环率偏高,RBC-CR1花环率偏低,但在26 d稍高于对照组;腹腔免疫组RBC-CR1花环率高于颈部皮下免疫组,且红细胞数也高于对照组和颈部皮下免疫组;电镜下可见红细胞黏附酵母菌。由此可知,马立克氏病可直接影响雏鸡的生长发育,导致机体免疫抑制、红细胞数量下降,使红细胞免疫功能先下降,后有所升高,腹腔免疫可适当增强红细胞的免疫功能。     

鸡用天然缓释免疫增强剂的研究：天然缓释免疫增强剂对IBD等4？…

对７日龄艾维茵雏鸡投服天然缓释免疫增强剂１丸,１０日龄时分别用ＩＢＤ、ＮＤ、ＩＢ弱毒疫苗及ＮＤ油乳剂灭活苗免疫;免疫后７、１５、２５、３５一５５ｄ定期检测抗体效价;弱毒苗免疫后３５ｄ、灭活苗免疫后５５ｄ分别用强毒攻击。结果各试验组抗体效价显著高于对照组,试验组攻毒保护率提高１６．７￣３３．３个百分点。表明该缓释免疫增强剂能显著增强雏鸡的免疫应答,提高疫苗的免疫效力。     

猪接种PRRSV Nsp2Δ1882-2241弱毒株后血清细胞因子的变化特征

为了解Nsp2Δ1882-2241缺失后弱化的高致病性PRRSV（TJM株）对宿主免疫学应答的刺激机理,本研究分析了免疫猪血清中的细胞因子及变化规律。将14头4周龄易感仔猪随机分为3组：第1组接种PRRSV TJM-F92株,为免疫组;第2组接种高致病性PRRSV TJ-F5毒株,为攻毒组;第3组不接种疫苗及病毒,为对照组。接种后28d,用TJ-F5毒株攻击试验猪,于不同时间点采集血样,用ELISA法测定血清中的PRRSV抗体、IL-2、IL-10、IL-12p40、TNF-α、IFN-α和IFN-β水平。结果显示：（1）与对照组和攻毒组相比,免疫组猪IL-12p40水平持续上调,于免疫后28d受PRRSV强毒攻击后,其水平开始缓慢降低,但仍高于攻毒后的对照组。（2）免疫组IL-2水平在接种疫苗后的前21d内无明显升高且低于攻毒组,在受到强毒攻击后其IL-2水平却有明显升高。（3）免疫组IL-10水平与对照组无明显差别,并在免疫14d后一直显著低于攻毒组（P〈0.01）。（4）免疫组接种疫苗后的前21d内,TNF-α水平保持稳定,28d明显上调。攻毒组TNF-α水平0～28d一直低于对照组,且在21d达到最低（P〈0.01）。免疫组在28d受强毒攻击后,其TNF-α水平下降且在攻毒7d时最为明显（P〈0.01）,此后恢复到正常水平。（5）免疫组免疫后28d时IFN-α水平升高,在受到强毒攻击后再次显著降低（P〈0.01）。免疫组IFN-β水平一直低于对照组和攻毒组,不因强毒攻击而变化。以上结果提示,IL-12上调在PRRSV免疫保护中起明显作用;另外,上调TNF-α及下调IL-10都是基因缺失疫苗发挥效力的潜在机制。     

新必妥对仔猪体液免疫效果的影响

本试验选取21日龄的健康仔猪12头，随机分为3组，分别肌肉注射猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗1头份（对照组）、猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗1头份＋猪脾转移因子0．15mL／kg体重（试验1组）和猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗1头份＋猪脾转移因子0．25mL／kg体重（试验2组），分别于21、60日龄各免疫1次．以研究猪脾转移因子对仔猪猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响。结果表明．首免后14～35d试验组的免疫效果均显著优于对照组，二免后5～15d试验2组显著优于对照组。另外，选取35日龄的健康仔猪12头，随机分为3组，分别肌肉注射猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗1头份（对照组）、猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗1头份＋猪脾转移因子0．15mL／kg体重（试验1组）和猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗1头份＋猪脾转移因子0．25mL／kg体重（试验2组），以研究猪脾转移因子对仔猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响。结果表明，免疫后14～35d试验组的免疫效果均显著优于对照组，42～60d试验2组显著优于对照组。表明猪脾转移因子对仔猪体液免疫有一定的增强作用。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响。结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显著(P<0.01);不同胴体重的销售毛利率差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合来看,胴体性能对分割后猪肉销售效益具有较大影响。同时,胴体重在84~98 kg范围内,背膘厚在23~29 mm范围内时,平均销售毛利率和销售完成率最优,这可以为商品猪育种提供客观的参考依据。     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.