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1.
Recent studies of pulmonary intravascular macrophages have led to the re-examination of the mechanisms giving rise to alveolar oedema. A highly virulent isolate of African swine fever virus was replicated in pulmonary intravascular macrophages, interstitial and alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts and neutrophils. The alveolar oedema — characteristic of acute forms of African swine fever — and the vascular changes observed, which consisted of the formation of fibrin microthrombi in septal capillaries and the vacuolisation of endothelial cells, may have been due, however, to the activation of pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and not to the cytopathic effect subsequent to the replication of the African swine fever virus. Furthermore, it was observed that virus replication in cells not belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system — such as fibroblasts and neutrophils — occurred earlier than in cells belonging to that system.  相似文献   

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In order to determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in lymph node haemorrhages in acute African swine fever ( ), eight pigs were inoculated with virus, strain Malawi'83. Lymph node haemorrhages were observed from three days post infection (dpi) onwards, coinciding with ASF virus replication in monocytes and macrophages adjacent to stimulated endothelial cells, phagocytic stimulation of capillary and small-vessel endothelial cells, increase in the number of fenestrations of endothelial cells, and endothelial cell loss, as well as clusters of blood cells and necrotic material beneath the endothelium. Vascular lumina were blocked by platelet plugs and fibrin microthrombi. These phenomena became more marked as the disease progressed. At five dpi, virus replication was also found in circulating neutrophils. At seven dpi, lesions were more intense and were accompanied by virus replication in sinus and capillary endothelial cells, and in other cell populations including pericytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle fibres and reticular cells. The results obtained in this study suggest that lymph node haemorrhages are related to endothelial stimulation and the onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Virus replication in vessel wall cells occurs only in the final stages of the disease and plays a secondary role.  相似文献   

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) enters Vero cells by adsorptive endocytosis [Valdeira, M.L., Geraldes, A., 1985. Morphological study on the entry of African swine fever virus into cells, Biol. Cell. 55, 35–40]. Electron microscopy of a lysosomotropic drug-controlled penetration indicated that this step takes place in the endosomes, after fusion between the viral envelope and the limiting membrane of the endosome. Inhibition studies with colcemid, cytochalasin B, sodium azide, dinitrophenol, lysosomotropic weak bases, and the ionophore monensin, showed that the virus uptake is largely independent of cytoskeletal and lysosomal function, but dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Some protease inhibitors inhibited viral replication at an early step, indicating that the initiation of infection depends on a viral proteolytic cleavage.  相似文献   

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非洲猪瘟(African Swine Fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African Swine fever Virus, ASFV)引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性的传染病,其发病率高,死亡率可高达100%。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为必须报告动物疫病,我国将其列为一类动物疫病。由于目前并没有安全有效的疫苗,防控ASF最有效的方法是实行早期诊断、扑杀和严格的封锁隔离措施,针对养猪场则需要高度重视生物安全防控措施。根据非洲猪瘟的流行病学特征,简要综述了养猪场如何通过建立良好的生物安全屏障、切断可能传播途径、有效消毒降低潜在病原等重要措施来防控非洲猪瘟。  相似文献   

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非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起猪的高度接触性、传染性、出血性以及高死亡率的传染病。20世纪中期以来,已在非洲、欧洲和美洲等数十个国家流行,并在近几年内蔓延至欧亚两洲接壤处的格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆以及俄罗斯境内,其一旦侵入我国,将会给我国养猪业带来极大的危害。非洲猪瘟病原学研究以及制备相应的单克隆抗体对非洲猪瘟病毒快速诊断技术研究和疫苗研制有着重大的现实意义。主要从病原学和单克隆抗体制备方面对非洲猪瘟的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

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病毒进入宿主细胞的机制决定了病毒的趋向性和发病机理,病毒感染细胞包括吸附、穿入、脱壳、复制、组装及子代病毒颗粒的释放等步骤,对病毒入侵机制研究可以为开发有针对性的预防策略提供思路。非洲猪瘟病毒作为一种有囊膜双链DNA病毒,其入侵宿主细胞的机制与其他病毒有一定的相似之处,同样也有其特殊性。目前,人们对非洲猪瘟病毒与宿主细胞相互作用,特别是入侵机制的了解仍然非常有限。为此,本文就ASFV入侵细胞的有关研究进展进行了综述,以期为非洲猪瘟病毒致病机制相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

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African swine fever (ASF) is mainly occurred in Africa.It invades into Europe and America by chance,then invades in to Eastern Europe and the Caucasus area.And it has not been controlled until now.African swine fever virus (ASFV) can spread by soft tick vectors and affect wild and domestic pigs.The ability of the virus to survive within a particular ecosystem is defined by the ecology of its wild host populations and the characteristics of livestock production systems.African swine fever is viral disease of domestic and wild pigs which leads high mortality and causes great economic losses due to absence of available vaccine and treatment.Apart from prevention and culling,there are no other control measures.Prevention and control of the infection require good understanding of its epidemiology,so that targeted measures can be carried out.  相似文献   

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非洲猪瘟是一种病毒性、出血性、接触传播性疾病,具有极高的致死率。我国作为养猪大国,非洲猪瘟给我国造成巨大的经济损失。由于我国目前尚未有可用的商品化疫苗,只有尽早地发现非洲猪瘟并严格实施流行病学调查、消杀灭源才能有效防控非洲猪瘟。随着非洲猪瘟流行特征的变化,非典型临床病例、慢性感染猪逐渐增多,病毒血症不明显并且排毒不规律,仅靠病原学存在漏检可能,而血清学检测可作为病原学检测的补充,对于非洲猪瘟临床诊断具有重要意义。本文从流行病学、病毒结构、诊断标识以及现阶段常用的非洲猪瘟血清学检测方法进行综述,供非洲猪瘟血清学诊断研究以及疫情防控工作者参考。  相似文献   

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古典猪瘟病毒基因组及ORF编码蛋白的结构和功能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
古典猪瘟是严重危害养猪业发展的重要疫病之一,对古典猪瘟病毒的分子生物学研究能揭示病毒复制和致病机理,寻找免疫保护关键位点,为新型疫苗开发奠定基础。文章综述了近年对古典猪瘟病毒基因组和相关蛋白的研究成果,对以后的研究方向作了展望。  相似文献   

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