复方中药对猪流行性腹泻的治疗效果

采用复方中药和西药抗生素对流行性腹泻病毒感染猪进行临床治疗,选取12~20日龄感染流行性腹泻病毒腹泻猪,通过观察所需治愈时间、体质量变化、治愈率和复发率以确定治疗效果;通过对比中药治疗组、西药对照组治愈猪与治疗失败猪的胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠的石蜡切片,对比治疗前后血清中TGF-α、TGF-β、IgM、IgA、IgG、IL-1和IL-4的变化,进一步确定治疗效果并探究其机理。结果显示:临床治疗方面,中药治疗组平均4.42d治愈,治愈率86.67%,复发率0.00%,体质量最大下降0.59%,11d增重22.44%;西药对照组平均4.91d治愈,治愈率84.61%,复发率7.69%,体质量最大下降5.08%,与中药组相比差异性极显著,11d增重20.94%。石蜡切片方面,治疗后中药治疗组基本恢复正常;西药对照组局部炎症反应明显,黏膜修复进度较慢。血清指标方面,中药治疗组和西药组对照组IgM含量均比治疗前显著升高,中药治疗组和西药对照组IL-1均比治疗前显著降低,西药对照组IL-4比治疗前显著升高。结果表明:采用复方中药治疗猪流行性腹泻有较好的疗效,且治疗效果优于抗生素疗法,这可能与复方中药可以加速组织修复、减轻炎症反和调节免疫有关。     

中药治疗仔猪腹泻效果观察

为探讨以连翘、白头翁、柴胡、陈皮等多味中药组成的"抗腹泻功能包"A、B、C对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果,选取成都周边某地区发生腹泻的仔猪216头,将其分为5组,分别为A包治疗组、B包治疗组、C包治疗组、常规治疗组和空白对照组进行对应治疗,记录仔猪的治疗情况并计算腹泻率和腹泻指数。治疗结果统计显示,3种抗腹泻功能包均能有效治疗仔猪腹泻,其中B包治疗组在治疗后期的腹泻率和腹泻指数均较其他组低且差异明显。     

比格犬埃立克体病实验模型研究Ⅳ.盐酸多西环素治疗对血常规和血生化指标的影响

为了观察盐酸多西环素对急性期犬埃立克体病的治疗效果,对人工感染埃立克体的比格犬进行了盐酸多西环素的治疗试验。采集比格犬感染前及治疗前后的血液样本,测定血常规及各项血生化指标,并对测定结果作统计学处理。血常规检测发现与治疗前相比,治疗后RBC、WBC、HGB、PLT、MPV、NEU-TRO、LYM、MONO和RDW显著升高;HCT、MCV、MCH和MCHC无明显变化;血生化检测发现,与治疗前相比,治疗后ALT和AST显著降低,ALB显著升高;治疗后与感染前相比,血常规和血生化各项均没有显著变化。进一步证实了盐酸多西环素对犬埃立克体病急性期病例具有良好的治疗效果。     

催产素在奶牛生产中的应用

从催产素的作用机理入手,总结了催产素在奶牛助产、预防和治疗胎衣不下、治疗子宫迟缓、治疗子宫内膜炎和子宫积脓、催乳、治疗持久性黄体不孕症、提高受胎率等方面的应用情况和注意事项。     

用中药辅助治疗犬瘟热临床效果研究

 将上海五家宠物医院2011年就诊的321只犬瘟热病犬随机分成两组,第一组124只,肺炎型60只、胃肠炎型34只和混合型30只,采用常规西药治疗。第二组197只,肺炎型91只、胃肠炎型56只和混合型50只,参考甲型H1N1流感治疗方案,在常规西药治疗的基础之上根据症状分型进行中药辅助治疗。分组治疗结果显示,肺炎型、胃肠炎型和混合型第二组比第一组治愈率分别高22%、22.6%和17.3%;随机选取其中68只,取治疗前和治疗7 d后的鼻液进行斑点杂交检测CDV;斑点杂交结果显示,第二组治疗方法治疗后的阳性率下降50%,第一组方法治疗后的阳性率下降30%。试验结果表明,中药辅助治疗可有效地增加犬瘟热的临床治愈率。     

沈阳某犬场犬皮肤病的药物疗效调查

犬的皮肤病是临床发病率较高、病理过程长、类症鉴别难度大的疾病。本文通过查阅沈阳某犬场10年间的病历记录,确定了该场犬常见皮肤病的种类有：蜱感染皮肤病、蠕形螨皮肤病、真菌性皮肤病、湿疹、脓皮症和甲状腺功能减退性皮肤病等。对每种皮肤病使用的药物疗效进行调查、统计,表明：治疗真菌病时,盐酸特比萘芬安全有效;治疗犬蠕形螨和蜱感染时,使用癣螨净886擦剂,同时按1mL／5Okg注射伊维菌素;治疗犬湿疹时,中西医结合治疗和据急性湿疹的不同发病时期治疗;治疗甲状腺功能减退性皮肤病时,不要忽视原发病治疗;治疗犬脓皮症时,香波擦洗是最适宜的局部治疗方法。     

中药治疗骡马急性肌肉风湿症

骡马急性风湿是一种常见病,西医常采用水杨酸钠、皮质激素、安乃近、安痛定、青霉索等治疗。在实践中体会到采用常规治疗方法奏效慢,疗程长,有时治疗不及时,往往会转为慢性经过,使治疗更加困难和增加了畜主的治疗费用。     

外用甲硝唑治疗牛、羊产道疾病的效果分析

本研究是对外用甲硝唑治疗牛、羊产道疾病的治疗效果进行分析。试验中所选用的研究对象均为患有产道疾病的牛和羊,共计100只,遵循随机分组的原则,分成对照组和观察组,对照组的病牛和病羊采用为消炎针剂治疗,观察组则在这一基础之上采取外用甲硝唑治疗。经过一段时间的治疗后,对比两组病牛和病羊的生产能力和病症表现,并且对比两组的治疗总时长。结果显示,2组的治疗有效率差异明显,观察组的治疗有效率为96%,对照组为76%。可见,外用甲硝唑对于治疗牛、羊产道疾病的治疗效果明显。     

理囊散对不孕奶牛血清中微量元素和白介素影响的研究

本试验旨在探讨经理囊散治疗不孕症奶牛前后,血清中微量元素(Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn)与白介素(IL-1、IL-6)的含量变化规律。利用火焰法原子吸收光谱法和酶联免疫吸附法分别检测试验组和对照组治疗前、后血清中微量元素和白介素的含量。试验结果表明,①理囊散治疗卵泡囊肿有效率为83.33%,排卵延迟有效率为90.91%;②在卵泡囊肿型奶牛中,Mn、Zn含量治疗前均显著低于正常组(P<0.05),Fe治疗前显著高于正常组(P<0.05),经治疗后逐渐达到正常值水平,Cu、IL-1、IL-6含量治疗前后差异不显著;③在排卵延迟型奶牛中,Fe治疗前显著高于正常组(P<0.05),Mn含量治疗前极显著低于正常组(P<0.01),Zn含量治疗前显著低于正常组(P<0.05),经治疗后逐渐达到正常值水平,Cu、IL-1、IL-6含量治疗前后差异不显著。因此,理囊散对奶牛不孕症血清中部分微量元素和白介素含量有微调作用,在奶牛不孕症治疗效果上有不可忽视的作用。     

某猪场一起仔猪传染性胃肠炎的诊断与防治

本试验通过临床检查和病理学诊断方法对一起仔猪传染性胃肠炎病例进行初步诊断和治疗。采用硫酸庆大霉素、病毒灵、环丙沙星、痢菌净注射液、黄连素片、口服补液盐和碳酸氢钠治疗的第一组仔猪在用药5d后4头仔猪中的2头精神沉郁症状没有好转,最终因病情未得到有效控制而死亡;另2头仔猪在用药10d后腹泻症状消失,消瘦得到控制,逐渐恢复健康。采用中西医结合治疗的第二组仔猪在治疗一周后5头仔猪全部康复,取得了较好的治疗效果。这表明中西医结合治疗能够有效缩短治疗时间,且见效快、费用低和预后良好,是临床上一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

Hepatic Lipidosis in Anorectic, Lactating Holstein Cattle: A Retrospective Study of Serum Biochemical Abnormalities

The association between hepatic lipidosis (HL) and disease in 59 anorectic, ketotic, lactating Holstein heifers and cows was investigated. Severe HL, as determined by histologic evaluation of liver tissue, was present in 46 animals; only half of these animals required intensive treatment for ketosis, and only half had serum biochemical evidence of liver disease, as determined by the presence of a test value of 2-fold or greater than the upper limit of the reference range for at least 2 of the 4 serum tests: gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities and bile acid concentrations. Most cattle with biochemical evidence of liver disease and severe HL had been lactating for 14 or more days. Cows that required intensive treatment inconsistently had serum biochemical evidence of liver disease.
Although cattle with severe HL had significantly higher serum bilirubin concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities than cattle with less severe lipidosis, the specificity of abnormally high serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity or bilirubin concentration for severe lipidosis was only 8%. Abnormally high serum aspartate aminotransferase activity was 83% sensitive and 62% specific for severe lipidosis. Serum glucose and total carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower in cattle with severe lipidosis than in those with mild or moderate lipidosis, and low serum glucose or total carbon dioxide concentrations were rare in cattle without severe lipidosis. From these data, we conclude that the use of a single biochemical or histopathologic criterion to define severity of disease or degree of liver compromise in anorectic, ketotic cows results in the misidentification of many animals.     

奶牛腐蹄病的治疗及综合防治

蹄部是奶牛身体的支撑和运动器官,蹄部的健康是奶牛正常生产的重要保障,肢体疾病是影响奶牛生产的四大疾病之一,其中腐蹄病发病率占肢体疾病的20％～40％,影响奶牛的健康和产奶,严重者造成淘汰和死亡,给奶业生产造成较大的经济损失。     

Bovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis: pathology of blindness

Five Devon cattle with suspected ceroid-lipofuscinosis and aged between 19 and 39 months of age were humanely slaughtered and subjected to post-mortem examination. There was severe atrophy of the cerebrum, particularly of the occipital cortex. Microscopy also showed severe atrophy of the retina with complete loss of photoreceptor cells, even in the youngest animal examined. Histopathologically the disease was characterised by accumulation of a fluorescent lipopigment in neurones, including those of the retina and a severe astrocytosis. The disease, which is characterised by the accumulation of subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase, is similar to that extensively described in South Hampshire sheep except that the retinal lesions were more severe. In contrast, tremors were not noted in the cattle. The clinical history and similarity to the disease in sheep and other species indicated inheritance was as an autosomal recessive trait.     

Synergistic effects of concurrent challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and 3-methylindole in calves.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential synergy between bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and 3-methylindole (3MI) in inducing respiratory disease in cattle. ANIMALS: 20 mixed-breed beef calves. PROCEDURE: A 2 X 2 factorial design was used, with random assignment to the following 4 treatment groups: unchallenged control, BRSV challenge exposure (5 X 10(4) TCID50 by aerosolization and 5.5 X 10(5) TCID50 by intratracheal inoculation), 3MI challenge exposure (0.1 g/kg of body weight, PO), and combined BRSV-3MI challenge exposure. Clinical examinations were performed daily. Serum 3MI concentrations, WBC counts, PCV, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen concentrations were determined throughout the experiment. Surviving cattle were euthanatized 7 days after challenge exposure. Pulmonary lesions were evaluated at postmortem examination. RESULTS: Clinical respiratory disease was more acute and severe in cattle in the BRSV-3MI challenge-exposure group than in cattle in the other groups. All 5 cattle in this group and 3 of 5 cattle treated with 3MI alone died or were euthanatized prior to termination of the experiment. Mean lung displacement volume was greatest in the BRSV-3MI challenge-exposure group. Gross and histologic examination revealed that pulmonary lesions were also most severe for cattle in this group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Feedlot cattle are commonly infected with BRSV, and 3MI is produced by microflora in the rumen of all cattle. Our results suggest that there is a synergy between BRSV and 3MI. Thus, controlling combined exposure may be important in preventing respiratory disease in feedlot cattle.     

Relationship of hepatic lipidosis to health and performance in dairy cattle

In a field study of 80 cows in 9 dairy herds, serial liver biopsies were performed over the peripartum period to determine degree of hepatic lipidosis. Cattle were separated into categories of mild, moderate, and severe hepatic lipidosis on the basis of maximal amounts of hepatic triglyceride that accumulated during this period. Number of cattle with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic lipidosis were 52, 16, and 12, respectively. Cattle with severe hepatic lipidosis had greater concentrations of hepatic triglyceride before calving and after parturition, and greater serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and body condition loss after parturition than cattle with mild hepatic lipidosis. Rate of disease and culling and death rate because of disease were greater in cattle with severe hepatic lipidosis. Cattle with severe hepatic lipidosis had reproductive performance equal to clinically normal cattle; however, cattle with moderate hepatic lipidosis had increased days to conception, possibly related to greater milk production.     

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD): a review

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) in Holstein cattle is an autosomal recessive congenital disease characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, delayed wound healing and stunted growth, and is also associated with persistent marked neutrophilia. The molecular basis of BLAD is a single point mutation (adenine to guanine) at position 383 of the CD18 gene, which caused an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the adhesion molecule CD18. Neutrophils from BLAD cattle have impaired expression of the beta2 integrin (CD11a,b,c/CD18) of the leukocyte adhesion molecule. Abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence dependent functions of leukocytes have been fully characterized. Cattle affected with BLAD have severe ulcers on oral mucous membranes, severe periodontitis, loss of teeth, chronic pneumonia and recurrent or chronic diarrhea. Affected cattle die at an early age due to the infectious complications. Holstein bulls, including carrier sires that had a mutant BLAD gene in heterozygote were controlled from dairy cattle for a decade. The control of BLAD in Holstein cattle by publishing the genotypes and avoiding the mating between BLAD carriers was found to be successful. This paper provides an overview of the genetic disease BLAD with reference to the disease in Holstein cattle.     

牛流行热病的诊治

牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒(Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus,BEFV,又名牛暂时热病毒)引起的一种急性热性传染病。其特征为突然高热,呼吸促迫,流泪和消化器官的严重卡他炎症和运动障碍。感染该病的大部分病牛经2~3日即恢复正常,故又称三日热或暂时热。该病病势迅猛,但多为良性经过。过去曾将该病误认为是流行性感冒。该病能引起牛大群发病,明显降低乳牛的产乳量。     

Fluid therapy in mature cattle

Fluid therapy is practical and beneficial when properly administered to cattle. Mature cattle are more frequently alkalotic than acidotic, so nonalkalizing solutions are usually indicated. Exceptions include cattle with choke, carbohydrate engorgement, diabetes mellitus, and, occasionally, renal disease, diarrhea, and fatty liver/ketosis. Most dehydrated cattle need supplemental potassium and calcium as well as sodium, chloride, and water. Intravenous administration is indicated in patients with obstructive gastrointestinal disease and those with severe dehydration. Oral or intraruminal administration is less expensive and often very effective.     

Fluid therapy in mature cattle.

Fluid therapy is practical and beneficial when properly administered to cattle. Mature cattle are more frequently alkalotic than acidotic, so nonalkalizing solutions are usually indicated. Exceptions include cattle with choke, carbohydrate engorgement, diabetes mellitus, and occasionally, renal disease, diarrhea, and fatty liver/ketosis. Many dehydrated cattle need supplemental potassium and calcium as well as sodium, chloride, and water. Intravenous administration is indicated in patients with obstructive gastrointestinal disease and those with severe dehydration. Oral or intraruminal administration is less expensive and, often, very effective.     

Clinical signs and diagnosis of a severe primary infection with BVDV subtype 1b in a dairy herd

As a result of a BVDV infection in a herd consisting of 95 adult cattle 17 cows aborted their calves within a period of 3.5 months, one third got severe diarrhoea, 3 cows died and an increased percentage of the cattle got lochiometra after calving or abortion. The disease was diagnosed by paired serological testing of cattle with diarrhoea or abortion and post mortem examination of several aborted calves. From one foetus BVDV virus was isolated and subsequently subtyped by sequencing. Of aborting cattle, the testing results were influenced by the interval between infection and abortion. These results indicate that a primary infection with BVDV subtype 1b can cause severe clinical symptoms in a dairy herd.