蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血清淀粉酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对19只蓝马鸡和15只藏马鸡血清淀粉酶和血清酯酶同工酶酶谱进行了研究。结果发现:(1)蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血清淀粉酶有AMY1,AMY2,AMY3三种同工酶,其中AMY1和AMY2存在多态性;(2)两种马鸡的血清酯酶均存在ES1,ES2和ES3三种同工酶;蓝马鸡的ES1同工酶存在显现酶活性的ES1A(36.8%)和不显现酶活性的ES10(63.2%)2种表型,而藏马鸡全部为ES10型。     

蓝马鸡和藏马鸡的血清酯酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对 1 9只蓝马鸡和 1 5只藏马鸡的血清酯酶同工酶酶谱进行了研究。结果发现 :(1 ) 2种马鸡的血清酯酶存在ES1 ,ES2和ES3 3种同工酶 ;(2 )蓝马鸡的ES1同工酶存在显现酶活性的ES1A (36 8% )和不显现酶活性的ES1O (63 2 % ) 2种表型 ,而藏马鸡全部为ES1O型 ;(3)ES2同工酶只有一条浓染的酯酶区带 ;(4)ES3同工酶存在ES3ABC ,ES3AB和ES3BC 3种表型 ,蓝马鸡和藏马鸡均以ES3ABC为优势表型 (分别为 68 4%和 60 0 % )。     

欧拉羊血清淀粉酶同工酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对100只欧拉羊血清淀粉酶同工酶的多态性特征进行了研究。结果发现:(1)欧拉羊的血清淀粉酶(AMY)有AMY1,AMY2和AMY3三种同工酶,其中AMY2同工酶存在多态性;(2)AMY2同工酶有显现酶活性的AMY2 A和不显现酶活性的AMY2 0两种表型,AMY2 0型为优势表型(77%);(3)公(羯)羊组与母羊组AMY2基因频率和基因型分布没有显著差异。     

互助猪血清淀粉酶同工酶酶谱的研究

采用聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳法对40日龄互助猪血清淀粉酶（AMY）同工酶酶谱进行了研究。结果发现：被检互助猪血清AMY有AMY1,AMY2和AMY3三种同工酶,其中AMY1显示出AMY1A（13．92）,AMY1B（39．24）,AMY1AB（37．98）和AMY1BC（8．86％）四种类型,AMY2显示出AMY2A（10．12％）,AMY2B（25．04％）,AMY2AB（59．50％）和AMY20（5.06％）四种类型。     

夏×藏一代羊血清淀粉酶活性及同工酶

对92 只夏洛来与藏羊的杂种一代绵羊的血清淀粉酶活性及其同工酶酶谱进行了研究。结果表明:①夏×藏一代羊的血清淀粉酶(AMY) 有AMY1 ,AMY2 和AMY3 三种同工酶,其中AMY2 同工酶存在多态性; ②AMY2 同工酶有显现酶活性的AMY2A 和不显现酶活性的AMY2O 两种表型,AMY2O型为优势表型(75% ) ;③血清AMY活性为242.3IU/L;④AMY2A型绵羊的血清AMY 活性(305.3IU/L) 非常显著地高于AMY2 O型绵羊(154,1 IU/L)(P< 0.01) 。     

蓝马鸡藏马鸡和家鸡的血清白蛋白和运铁蛋白多态性比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳地对１０只蓝马鸡、１０只藏马鸡和６只家鸡的血清白蛋白和运铁蛋白的多态性比较研究。结果,被检蓝马鸡、藏马鸡的血清白蛋白只有Ａｌｂ一处电泳表型,而家鸡全部呈现Ａｌｂ＾ＢＢ型;与家鸡截然不同,蓝马鸡、藏马鸡运铁蛋白由Ｔｆ＾Ｆ和Ｔｆ＾Ｓ两条电泳区带组成;蓝马鸡、藏马鸡的Ａｌｂ＾Ｂ和Ｔｆ＾Ｆ、Ｔｆ＾Ｓ区带的相对迁移率分别为７３．０４％、３７．３９％和３４．７８％;家鸡的Ａｌｂ＾     

青海湖裸鲤血清淀粉酶的研究

采用了以和丙烯酰胺垂直电泳法对120尾青海湖裸鲤进行了血清淀粉酶（AMY）电泳观察。结果表明：青海湖裸鲤血清淀粉酶有AMY1、AMY2和AMY3三种。AMY2同工酶在个体间存在多态性,其酶型分别AMY2AA型（5.8%）、AMY2BB型（10.8%)、AMY2AB型（13.3%）和AMY2O型（70.0%）。AMY1和AMY3显现出单态,用同样的方法研究了鲤鱼和草鱼血清淀粉酶,结果其多态性谱带与青海湖裸鲤非常相似。认为,血清淀粉酶（AMY）在不同亚科鱼类间差异可能不显著。     

大骨鸡血清淀粉酶同工酶谱及其活性的测定

以纯种大骨鸡为研究对象，采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对大骨鸡血清淀粉酶同工酶谱进行分析，并利用比色法对淀粉酶活性进行测定。结果表明：①大骨鸡血清淀粉酶有2种同工酶Amy-1和Amy-3，其中Amy-1有AA、AB和BB3种表型而呈现多态性，表型频率分别为10.42％，80.21％，9．37％，AB为优势表型，Amy-1^A和Amy-1^B基因型频率分别为50.53％。49．47％。（多大骨鸡血清淀粉酶活性平均为（690．48±98．35）U／L，AB型大骨鸡血清淀粉酶活性高于AA和BB型。     

欧拉羊血清淀粉酶同工酶酶谱的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对179只欧拉羊的血清淀粉酶(AMY)同工酶酶谱进行了研究,同时比较了不同AMY2表型欧拉羊的15项血液指标。结果发现:①欧拉羊的AMY有AMY1,AMY2和AMY3三种同工酶;②AMY2同工酶有显现酶活性的AMY2 A和不显现酶活性的AMY2 0两种酶谱而呈现多态性,以AMY2 0型为优势表型(73.8%)。AMY2A和AMY20等位基因频率分别为0.1283和0.8717;③不同AMY2表型欧拉羊的15项血液指标没有显著性差异。     

鸡三种血清酶同工酶及其育种应用的研究进展

碱性磷酸酶（PAKP）、淀粉酶（AMY）、酯酶（ES）是存在于鸡体血液和细胞中的三种重要水解酶类,在鸡体生理代谢和生产中,它们发挥着极为重要的生理功能。PAKP是一种能水解多种类型磷脂的非特异性酶,其生理作用国外研究已进行多年,目前趋势认为,PAKP与物质转运过程或磷酸的可利用性有关,在不同组织中,其生理功能可能有所不同。Amy主要催化水解淀粉,参与体内糖类代谢。ES主要催化酯类化合物水解,参与鸡体内脂肪的水解与合成,据军事医学报道,酯酶还有生物防护作用。在遗传上,它们各自存在着结构和理化性质不同的,催化相同反应的分子类型,即同工酶,自本世纪60年代以来,在鸡血液中陆续发现这三种血清酶同工酶变异型后,国内外学者在确定其等位基因系统,位点基因频率在不同鸡种中的差异、基因型与经济性状的关系,以及建立鸡体内血清酶异点同工酶系统等方面开展了系统研究,为生化标记全点应用于鸡遗传育种领域奠定了丰富的基础.近年来,随着试验技术和测试手段的改进,三种酶的研究又得到深入的进展。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。