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1.
唐黎标 《广东饲料》2013,22(7):47-48
饲料营养是影响奶牛繁殖力的关键因素之一。从日粮蛋白质水平、日粮能量浓度、矿物质元素、维生素等方面介绍了饲料营养对奶牛繁殖性能的影响,旨在指导奶牛养殖场提高奶牛生产水平和养殖经济效益。  相似文献   

2.
本文根据反刍动物蛋白质营养代谢特点,结合国内外日粮蛋白质水平与繁殖关系的研究进展情况,分析了血中尿素氮(BUN)、乳中尿素氮(MUN)与奶牛繁殖性能关系;日粮蛋白质营养水平对卵巢、子宫及生殖激素的影响。探讨了日粮蛋白质营养水平不足或过量对奶牛繁殖性能的作用机制。旨在为奶牛养殖场(户)在生产过程中,正确使用营养调控技术,科学合理配制日粮,使奶牛得到全价合理的营养供应,提高奶牛繁殖性能。  相似文献   

3.
日粮蛋白质和能量水平是影响反刍动物繁殖能力的重要因素,文章介绍了日粮能量和蛋白水平对反刍动物繁殖性能调控的研究进展,为通过改善反刍动物日粮营养水平以提高其繁殖性能提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
1主要原因奶牛泌乳早期较高的能量需求,往往超过采食所能供给的能量,造成机体能量负平衡而不利于促黄体素的分泌及孕酮的产生,从而影响卵泡细胞的发育,阻止排卵和合子的着床引起不妊,致使繁殖性能降低。奶牛日粮蛋白质水平过高或过低均会不同程度地造成机体的能量负平衡状态,影响其繁殖性能。日粮中过量的蛋白质会使体内氮代谢有毒副产物(氨和尿素)的浓度升高。氮代谢的有毒副产物或能量利用效率可能改变了促性腺激素和孕酮的分泌,导致血清中孕酮浓度降低,并降低子宫内pH值  相似文献   

5.
本文对影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其饲养调控技术方面的研究进展进行了综合评述。结论认为奶牛营养状况与繁殖性能密切相关,随着遗传性能和饲养管理技术的改进,奶牛泌乳量得以迅速提高的同时,对营养需要量的要求也随之提高。营养需要量的提高常常导致奶牛特殊生理阶段发生能量负平衡,致使奶牛繁殖能力下降;高蛋白日粮有利于提高产奶量,却往往降低了繁殖性能;日粮中矿物质和维生素含量偏高或偏低以及比例不当都会影响奶牛的繁殖性能;奶牛营养的全过程,包括采食量及采食的营养成分水平都与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。  相似文献   

6.
影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其调控   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其饲养调控技术方面的研究进展进行了综合评述。结论认为奶牛营养状况与繁殖性能密切相关,随着遗传性能和饲养管理技术的改进,奶牛泌乳量得以迅速提高的同时,对营养需要量的要求也随之提高。营养需要量的提高常常导致奶牛特殊生理阶段发生能量负平衡,致使奶牛繁殖能力下降;高蛋白日粮有利于提高产奶量,却往往降低了繁殖性能;日粮中矿物质和维生素含量偏高或偏低以及比例不当都会影响奶牛的繁殖性能;奶牛营养的全过程,包括采食量及采食的营养成分水平都与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
本文从奶牛泌乳、采食及体重变化入手,简要论述了饲粮蛋白质和能量水平对奶牛繁殖性能的影响,探索高产奶牛繁殖力较低的原因。奶牛场追求高产奶量,多会采取高比例精料、高蛋白水平的饲粮,从而造成过量氮化物对奶牛繁殖性能的毒害。产后泌乳量的快速上升和饲料干物质采食量的不足足导致了能量负平衡、体况评分下降过大、卵泡发育迟缓、产后发情晚、配种受胎率低、产犊间隔长等一系列问题。  相似文献   

8.
奶牛的繁殖性能受到遗传、营养、环境和管理等诸多因素的影响,但随着现代育种水平的提高和环境的改善,日粮营养已成为提高奶牛繁殖繁殖效率关键因素。奶牛繁殖效率的高低直接影响奶牛的产奶量,影响奶牛场的经济效益,关乎一个奶牛场的生存和发展。而影响奶牛繁殖效率的营养因素很多,如能量、蛋白、维生素、必须脂肪酸、矿物质及日粮中的毒素等,对奶牛的繁殖效率影响很大,在日常生产管理中应该加强调控。  相似文献   

9.
奶牛的营养状况是影响奶牛繁殖力的重要因素。若泌乳早期奶牛体重下降过多,受孕率会明显下降。配制能量平衡、适口性好的日粮,提高采食量对缓解这一时期的能量负平衡十分重要。理想的奶牛管理应做到整个泌乳期始终监测奶牛的体况和奶牛日粮中微量元素和维生素的含量,避免营养素的不平衡而引发的奶牛繁殖障碍,同时应避免奶牛过肥或过瘦,防止由肥胖母牛综合症而引发其他的繁殖疾病。日粮中缺乏蛋白质会使繁殖力下降,但蛋白含量过高对繁殖功能也有毒害作用。大多数矿物质缺乏症或矿物质失衡对奶牛繁殖有极大的负作用,适当补充某些维生素和矿物…  相似文献   

10.
脂肪是动物重要的营养素之一,奶牛日粮中添加脂肪不仅可高效补充能量需要,且在改善机体脂类代谢、提高产品品质和繁殖性能等方面具有一定的作用。作者主要就过瘤胃脂肪在奶牛日粮中的应用进行了综述,主要包括过瘤胃脂肪的类型和原理、适口性、消化率及其对奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能等方面的影响。  相似文献   

11.
为了解日粮能量水平对泌乳奶牛生殖机能的影响,选取年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳量相近的健康泌乳奶牛40头,按添加过瘤胃脂肪量分为高(H,400g/d/头)、中(M,300g/d/头)、低(L,200g/d/头)和对照组(不添加过瘤胃脂肪)四组,每组10头,试验期为产后30d至70d。产后30d、45d、60d、70d以及发情时记录试验奶牛采食量、体况分,记录繁殖性能,检测奶牛血浆GLU、BUN、ALB、TP、LH、FSH、E2、P4和PG浓度,结果显示:1)试验奶牛繁殖性能高低依次为H组、M组、L组和对照组。2)血浆GLU水平H组〉M组〉L组〉对照组;BUN水平L组〉M组〉H组;ALB和TP各组间无差异。3)血浆LH、FSH、E2水平随能量摄入增加而升高。这些结果提示:高能量摄入能缓解奶牛能量负平衡,促进卵泡正常性周期活动,从而提高奶牛繁殖性能。  相似文献   

12.
现代规模化、集约化奶牛养殖生产模式下,不断供给高营养水平日粮是维持后备牛快速生长发育和泌乳母牛高泌乳性能的物质基础。然而,在遗传品质到达"瓶颈期"后,尽管随着日粮营养浓度的不断提高和干物质采食量(DMI)的增加,奶牛单产水平可以继续维持在一定的高水平状态,但是高产奶牛的营养代谢性疾病的发病率也呈现快速增长趋势,特别是围产期能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)引起的酮病,高精日粮引发的酸中毒、高蛋白质日粮引起的血液中尿素氮升高等营养代谢性疾病,负调控奶牛繁殖性能,造成奶牛产后发情不明显,配种率和受胎率下降等,直接影响奶牛生产群的更新速度、优质牛群泌乳性能正常发挥以及奶牛养殖的经济效益。作者详细介绍了近年来国内外不同营养代谢性疾病对奶牛繁殖性能影响的相关研究资料,重点分析了酮病、低血钙、瘤胃酸中毒等围产期高发的营养代谢性疾病影响奶牛繁殖性能的分子机制,并对营养代谢性疾病与高产奶牛繁殖性能今后研究的方向提出了展望和思考,以期为提高中国规模化牧场高产奶牛群繁殖效率和母牛围产期营养管理水平提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。  相似文献   

13.
Under the modern large-scale and intensive dairy farming production mode,the continuous supply of feed with high nutrition level is the material basis for maintaining the rapid growth and development of reserve cows and the high lactation performance of lactating cows.However,after the genetic quality reaches the "bottleneck period",although the milk yield of dairy cow can continue to maintain a certain high level with the continuous improvement of the nutrient concentration of feed and the increase of dry matter intake (DMI),the incidence of nutritional metabolic diseases of high-yield dairy cows also shows a rapid growth trend,especially ketosis caused by the negative energy balance in perinatal period,acidosis caused by high-precision diet and the increase of blood urea nitrogen caused by high-protein diet,negatively regulate the reproductive performance of dairy cows,resulting in inconspicuous postpartum estrus,decreased mating rate and conception rate of dairy cows,which directly affect the update speed of dairy cows production groups,the normal performance of high-quality cattle and the economic benefits of dairy farming.In this paper,the author introduced in detail the relevant research on the current situation and its mechanism influence of different nutritional metabolic diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focused on analyzing the molecular mechanism of nutritional and metabolic diseases with high perinatal incidence such as ketosis,low blood calcium and moderate gastric acid,and put forward the prospect and thinking on the future research direction of nutritional and metabolic diseases and reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows,in order to provide some reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of high-yielding dairy cows in large-scale pastures in China and the perinatal nutrition management level of dairy cows.  相似文献   

14.
During recent decades, milk production per cow has increased drastically due to improved management, nutrition, and genetic selection; however, the reproductive performance of high-producing dairy cows has been declining. One of the factors responsible for this low reproductive performance is negative energy balance (NEB). NEB affects the onset of first ovulation in early postpartum cows. It is generally accepted that early first ovulation positively relates to the resumption of normal ovarian function, first service, and conception rate in dairy cows. Hence, delayed first ovulation has a negative impact on subsequent fertility. The metabolic condition of cows in NEB shifts to catabolic metabolism, which in turn causes increased plasma growth hormone and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, and glucose concentrations. On the other hand, plasma β-carotene concentrations decrease throughout the dry period and reach their nadir in about the first week postpartum, and this change reflects energy balance during the peripartum period. β-Carotene plays a role independently of vitamin A in the reproductive performance of dairy cows, and the positive relationship between supplemental β-carotene and reproductive function has been demonstrated in many studies during the past decades. However, β-carotene content in corn silage, which is a popular main feed in high-producing dairy cows, is very low. This review describes nutritional factors related to ovulation during the first follicular wave postpartum in dairy cows.  相似文献   

15.
热应激对奶牛繁殖性能的影响研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
环境温度、湿度和光照周期都会对奶牛的繁殖性能造成影响。夏季奶牛采食量减少可能会影响奶牛的能量平衡,或导致下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴功能紊乱,进而降低卵母细胞、胚胎和卵泡的质量,导致奶牛繁殖性能降低。本文就夏季热应激对奶牛繁殖性能的影响做一综述。  相似文献   

16.
DIETARY PROTEIN AND DAIRY COW FERTILITY: Feeding more dietary protein has been negatively associated with dairy cow fertility in some but not all studies. We used meta-analysis to examine the relationship between dietary crude protein and conception rate. While a higher intake of dietary crude protein significantly lowered conception rate, the potential for feeding less degradable dietary protein to modify this relationship was not demonstrated. MILK UREA CONCENTRATIONS AND DAIRY COW FERTILITY: The use of milk urea as an indicator of dietary energy and protein intake and as an indicator of reproductive performance has been questioned. We found that changes in urea concentration in body fluids explained only 25% (p = 0.08) of the variance in conception rate after conducting a meta-analysis of available studies. INTERPRETATION OF MILK UREA CONCENTRATIONS: High intakes of dietary protein may induce adaptations in urea metabolism, and the negative relationship identified between high intakes of dietary protein and fertility for Northern Hemisphere dairy herds may not necessarily apply in Australasian dairy herds. Because of the potential for cows to adapt to high protein diets, the use of a single milk urea determination on a herd will have limited value as an indicator of nutritional status and little value as a predictor of fertility.  相似文献   

17.
dDietary protein and dairy cow fertility. Feeding more dietary protein has been negatively associated with dairy cow fertility in some but not all studies. We used meta-analysis to examine the relationship between dietary crude protein and conception rate. While a higher intake of dietary crude protein significantly lowered conception rate, the potential for feeding less degradable dietary protein to modify this relationship was not demonstrated.

dMilk urea concentrations and dairy cow fertility. The use of milk urea as an indicator of dietary energy and protein intake and as an indictor of reproductive performance has been questioned. We found that changes in urea concentration in body fluids explained only 25% (p = 0.08) of the variance in conception rate after conducting a meta-analysis of available studies.

dInterpretation of milk urea concentrations. High intakes of dietary protein may induce adaptations in urea metabolism, and the negative relationship identified between high intakes of dietary protein and fertility for Northern Hemisphere dairy herds may not necessarily apply in Australasian dairy herds. Because of the potential for cows to adapt to high protein diets, the use of a single milk urea determination on a herd will have limited value as an indicator of nutritional status and little value as a predictor of fertility.  相似文献   

18.
本试验通过给奶牛饲喂不同粗饲料组合的TMR日粮,探讨日粮中不同粗饲料组合对奶牛泌乳性能的影响.结果表明,日粮鲜重的精粗比从30∶70提高到40∶60后,奶牛的干物质采食量有显著地增加(P<0.05).随着精料比例增加,其能量水平、蛋白含量和乳蛋白率增加.同时,蛋白含量和产奶量都有所提高.在试验二组中用青贮代替了全贮,提高了奶牛的采食量和泌乳性能.说明,奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)可以提高日粮养分表观消化率、产奶量和改善乳蛋白质水平.青贮饲料的蛋白质的降解和利用更容易被瘤胃微生物降解和吸收,从而提高奶牛的泌乳性能,取得较高的经济效益.  相似文献   

19.
奶牛热应激综合征是指奶牛受到超过本身体温调节能力的高温刺激而产生的非特异性防御反应。奶牛发生热应激后会激活体内的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,改变机体的神经内分泌调节网络,引起奶牛体内皮质醇激素和多种激素水平变化,协同作用于机体以抵抗热应激对自身的影响;此外,热应激奶牛采食量和消化率普遍降低,营养物质摄入不足,机体处于能量负平衡状态。在这种状态下,奶牛会通过增加体内糖、脂肪和蛋白质的代谢来为机体提供能量从而缓解热应激。然而,严重热应激会导致奶牛代谢功能紊乱及免疫系统损伤,最终导致奶牛消化率、产奶量、繁殖率下降,而疾病易感风险性增加,从而影响奶牛生产的经济效益,给畜牧业带来巨大的经济损失。目前,关于奶牛热应激的研究较多,且多集中于产奶性能和繁殖性能等方面,而有关生理和免疫机能的研究报道较少。作者阐述了奶牛发生热应激时皮质醇激素的变化和调节、三大代谢过程的改变及免疫细胞和相关细胞因子的表达分泌等过程,旨在更加深入地了解热应激对奶牛生理状态及免疫功能的影响,从而为奶牛热应激综合征的防控、诊断和治疗提供理论依据。  相似文献   

20.
In blood serum of dairy cows of the Slovak Pied breed with high and low performance, the levels of total protein, urea, amino nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and uric acid were studied over the period of four to six weeks after calving. Total protein was determined by the Bio-La-test, amino nitrogen by means of ninhydrin, non-protein nitrogen by Berthelot agent and uric acid by Benedict agent. In comparison with dairy cows with low performance, the dairy cows with high performance had a statistically significantly higher level of total protein, urea, amino nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen. The differences in uric acid content were statistically insignificant.  相似文献   

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