"瘦肉精"的危害及监管探讨

盐酸克伦特罗(clenbuterol,CLB),俗名"瘦肉精",是防止支气管哮喘和支气管痉挛的主要药物,20世纪80年代初,美国一家公司意外发现盐酸克伦特罗喂养生猪可以猪肉瘦肉率,以后被广泛用于饲养。随着"瘦肉精"危害被发现,各国逐渐禁止使用。本文将对"瘦肉精"的危害及监管措施做一探讨。     

我区打击违法使用"瘦肉精"工作现状及对策

我国农业部明确规定禁止在牲畜饲料和饲养过程中使用"瘦肉精"(学名盐酸克伦特罗),有关部门虽加强了对制售、使用"瘦肉精"的查处力度,但受利益驱使,仍有一些不法分子铤而走险,因食用"瘦肉精"污染肉品的中毒事件时有发生,早在1999     

"瘦肉精"屡禁不绝为哪般?

2011年3月15日央视曝光了河南孟州、沁阳等地养猪场用"瘦肉精"饲养的所谓"健美猪",流入河南双汇集团下属济源分公司以及南京等地的新闻,使"瘦肉精"再次成为人们关注的焦点。事实上,多年来国家有关部门一直将"瘦肉精"列为禁用药品进行监管,但在养猪生产中非法添加"瘦肉精"的行为仍然屡禁不止。那么,"瘦肉精"究竟包括哪些成分?它对人体健康有多大危害?为何在养猪生产中屡禁不止?如何加强对生猪饲养、屠宰及肉品加工、流通等环节的质量监管,切实保障食用安全?     

生猪"瘦肉精"问题的现状与对策

90年代以来,国内外养猪业为满足社会发展和人类生活水平提高的需要,广泛研究应用"瘦肉精"作为猪的营养重新分配剂提高瘦肉率,但该药的药物残留已严重影响人体健康.禁用"瘦肉精"势在必行.     

广州市番禺区生猪"瘦肉精"残留检测的做法及体会

"瘦肉精"即盐酸克伦特罗,是一种β-肾上腺素受体激动剂,添加在饲料中,可促进动物生长和增加瘦肉率,是国家违禁兽药.广州市番禺区以往采用生猪宰后检测"瘦肉精"的方法,不能有效阻截含"瘦肉精"的生猪流向市场.2006年《广州市生猪屠宰检疫和违禁药物检测实施办法》(下称《实施办法》)出台后,番禺区按照《实施办法》的有关规定,对屠场生猪"瘦肉精"实行先检后宰,取得较好成效.     

"瘦肉精"源头成谜缘何十年难禁绝?

在瘦肉精事件爆发之际,公众在餐桌上又学到一个化学名词,只不过这是以生命为代价。本刊援引国内大媒体消息意见,借此专题揭示瘦肉精的前世今生,并希望引起相关部门关注,让加大监管不再是一句口号,毕竟食品安全无小事,公众也不是实验室里的"小白鼠"。     

从东莞"瘦肉精"中毒事件看当前对"瘦肉精"监管存在问题与对策

我国政府一直把健全饲料法律法规,禁止在饲料中滥用抗生素、激素等药物作为保证养殖业健康发展,维护人民健康的重要措施。但是近几年盐酸克伦特罗(俗称“瘦肉精”)等违禁药物在动物饲料中违法添加的做法依然泛滥,中毒事件屡有发生,今年3月初东莞就发生了一宗“瘦肉精”中毒事件,引起各方高度关注。目前东莞市财政拨付的“瘦肉精”检测费用虽在全省范围内可排至前三位,但对生猪“瘦肉精”的检测率只是2%。为此,本文对“瘦肉精”残留监管存在一些问题和决策作如下探讨。1“瘦肉精”监管存在的问题1.1生猪来源分散1.1.1东莞市生猪产量少,大部分…     

一起查处非法销售含"瘦肉精"生猪案的体会

"瘦肉精"学名盐酸克伦特罗,是一种强效激动剂,可引起交感神经兴奋。当人们食用饲喂过"瘦肉精"的动物产品时,则可能出现肌肉震颤、心慌、头疼、恶心、呕吐等症状。特别是对于患有高血压、心脏病、甲亢等疾病的人群危险性更大,会加重病     

瘦肉精泛滥拷问监管之责

三聚氰胺阴魂不散,"瘦肉精"又卷土重来。央视新闻频道在3·15消费者权益日播出了一期《"健美猪"真相》的专题报道,其中披露了河南济源双汇公司使用"瘦肉精"猪肉的事实。问题猪肉从河南出场到抵达南京屠宰场的过程中,一路凭借买来的"通行证"畅通无阻,在养殖、贩运、屠宰等多个环节一路绿灯,这种用瘦肉精喂出的"健美猪"在南京市场上大面积泛滥,还流入了双汇这样以质量把关严格著称的知名肉品企业。再次被推上风口浪尖的"瘦肉精"事件人们可以指责养殖户的道德缺失,谴责知名企业的诚信丧失,但最不能容忍的是监管部门的失职和渎职。那么,"瘦肉精"到底是何方妖怪?究竟有谁来监管?非法经营者应当承担什么样的法律责任呢?     

生猪肉品"瘦肉精"监管体系介绍

“瘦肉精”学名叫“盐酸克伦特罗”，是一种强效兴奋、激动剂，是治疗哮喘病的一种药物。由于它能提高瘦肉率，降低脂肪，提高饲料报酬，所以称之为“瘦肉精”。近年来，一些生猪饲养者为了牟取暴利，在饲养过程非法使用“瘦肉精”，致消费者中毒甚至死亡的恶性事件多次发生。“瘦肉精”问题已经威胁到广大消费者生活质量和生命安全，各地也纷纷根据本辖区的实际情况出台了许多监管措施，取得了很好的效果。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记与牦牛遗传育种研究

在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。