荷兰动物育种规划及其对中国的启示

动物育种是改良动物遗传素质和生产潜力的重要手段,中国已将生物育种列入强化国家战略科技力量、坚持创新驱动发展的重要方向。荷兰是具有较高动物育种水平的国家之一,我国的动物育种水平与之比较还有一定的差距。本文系统分析了荷兰动物育种相关规划的战略重点领域、战略目标、育种规划布局及实施策略,并与中国当前相关育种规划和实施现状进行比较分析,以期为中国的畜禽育种发展提供有益的借鉴。     

荷兰饲料工业现状

经过多年的兼并,荷兰的饲料工业终于趋于稳定,克服了动物疫病和政治压力带来的减产。荷兰是全球最大的农产品出口国之一,该国贸易赢余的70%与农业有关。大部分出口产品是国产的,但进口商品——深加工产品,及再出口     

Crucell与Merial完成交易

荷兰生物技术公司Crucell(荷兰莱顿)允许美国动物保健品公司Merial使用它的PER．C6细胞系技术，用于开发和将口蹄疫疫苗商业化。     

国外研究

科学家发现荷兰家禽的细菌与人的超级细菌有联系 荷兰科学家研究发现,在荷兰生禽肉中存在的细菌可能是人类超级细菌的一个来源,根据一项研究表明,在食用动物使用抗生素正在使可以拯救生命的药物失去效力。从荷兰南部食品商店购买的生鸡肉80％发现有多种药物耐药性的细菌。当研究人员将这些细菌与从医院病人采集的标本进行比较时,发现主要的耐药性基因是相同的。     

动物疫情快递

俄罗斯西伯利亚发生禽流感,荷兰发生家禽低致病性禽流感.[编者按]     

浅谈荷兰饲料质量安全管理

为深入了解荷兰饲料质量安全管理和进出口饲料的控制措施,应荷兰经济事务部邀请,作者于2012年11月赴荷兰参加为期1个月的专家交换活动。现将活动期间作者对欧盟饲料法规、荷兰饲料监管机构及其管理经验的认识和了解在此刊发,以飨读者。!!!!!     

在荷兰、德国发现蓝舌病病毒血清6型

最近,在靠近荷兰边界的德国北部的牛中报告了3例蓝舌病病毒血清6型（BTV6）。该病毒在欧洲是一种新型病毒,在荷兰是第一次在一些饲养场中被发现。由Friedrich Loeffler研究所进行的试验证实,在从德国下萨克森州本特海姆区的3个饲养场采集的样品中也存在BTV6。在2008年10月下旬,荷兰发现该病毒,被认为是由于非法使用进口活疫苗造成的。英国Pirbright动物卫生研究所发现,     

各种食品动物肉种鉴别

正2013年1月,瑞典、英国和法国部分牛肉制品中发现了马肉,德国也宣布发现疑似此类"挂牛头卖马肉"情况。此外,爱尔兰、荷兰、罗马尼亚等多个欧洲国家卷入丑闻中,引发消费者反感。2013年2月13日,欧盟委员会官员说,欧盟正拟订方案,要求所有成员国对加工牛肉开展脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)抽检,以消除"马肉风波"忧虑,恢复消费者信心。当今商品经济和市场经济的迅猛发展,一些不法商贩     

荷兰号召富足生产

荷兰生猪生产者提出了一个令人充满信心的号召，该号召是由农业部长Gerda Verburg发起的，即在未来15年内扶持国家牲畜生产区域。根据欧洲农业，她向国会呈递了一份荷兰有关动物福利和健康的前景图。未来的动物将能够展示自然行为，不再遭受诸如断尾和阉割处理。     

新型饲料添加剂可以帮助缓解奶牛热应激

最近，动物营养公司荷兰创荷美营养国际推出一种可以缓解奶牛热应激影响的新矿物质添加剂MaxCare CelSius。     

浅析当前畜禽调运工作中存在的问题及对策

1 当前畜禽调运中存在的问题 1．1 调运户动物防疫意识不强 一是个别调运户未申领《动物防疫合格证》，没有动物防疫知识和相关法律法规知识．是违规调运的根源．     

Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule

The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

东西方蜜蜂越冬期过冷却点的测试及过冷却点与越冬性能的关系

针对越冬期东西方蜜蜂的过冷却点进行了测试并对其与越冬性能的关系进行了分析。结果发现:在越冬期,东西方蜜蜂存在过冷却点且二者差异显著,东方蜜蜂过冷却点明显低于西方蜜蜂,蜜蜂的过冷却点与其越冬性能密切相关。     

Comparative ventilation and gas exchange in the horse and the cow

Ventilation and gas exchange were studied in healthy, adult horses and cows, two large species with different lung structures and different breathing patterns. The oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory rate (fR), minute ventilation (VE), alveolar ventilation (VA), alveolar oxygen pressure (PAO2), and VE/VO2 ratio were higher in the cows, while the tidal volume (VT) and physiological dead space (VD) were larger in the horses. The arterial blood gases, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (PAO2-PaO2) and VD/VT ratio did not differ between the two species. The higher VO2 in the cows was most likely due to the energy cost of standing, and possibly to a higher cost of digestion. The higher VE, VA, VE/VO2 and PAO2 were most likely secondary to the increased VO2 and the slightly higher respiratory exchange ratio (R) in the cows. In contrast to hypotheses based on allometric equations, the PAO2 of horses and cows did not appear to differ from that of smaller mammals. The VD was larger than that predicted from allometric equations, and even though the VD/VT ratio (0.50) was lower than the previously reported values for horses and cows, it was significantly larger than the predicted weight-independent value of 0.36. Re-examination of the data used to derive the equation for VD raised questions as to the validity of this equation, and it is suggested that caution be exercised in the use of allometric equations for prediction.     

The relation between the birth process and the condition of the newborn piglet and calf

Fluxes of the anti-parasitic agents, [³H]-ivermectin, [³H]-selamectin and [³H]-moxidectin were studied across non-transfected and transfected canine kidney epithelial monolayers, MDCK II/wt, MDCK II-MDR1, MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2. All four lines surprisingly expressed significant levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), coded for by MDR1, but MDCK II-MDR1 expressed increased levels compared to the other lines. MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2 expressed increased levels of MRP1 and MRP2 respectively. Fluxes of [³H]-ivermectin, [³H]-selamectin, [³H]-moxidectin, and the P-gp substrates, rhodamine-123 and DiOC₂, were polarized in the basolateral-to-apical (secretory) direction across the four lines. Selected MRP inhibitors used in relevant pharmacological concentrations did not block the secretory fluxes of either [³H]-ivermectin or [³H]-selamectin in either the non-transfected or MRP-transfected lines. In contrast, secretory fluxes of ivermectin and selamectin were inhibited in all four lines by the P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. These data confirm that ivermectin and selamectin are substrates for P-gp in four additional cell lines, but suggest that they are not significant substrates for MRP1 or MRP2 where there is background expression of P-gp. Since this pattern of expression also pertains on the blood-brain barrier, it is unlikely that MRP1 and MRP2 play a significant role in ivermectin and selamectin blood: brain distribution in vivo.