猪瘟病毒E2蛋白重组T4噬菌体的构建及免疫学特性

利用重组 PCR技术将猪瘟病毒 (CSFV) E2基因与 T4噬菌体 SOC基因 C端融合 ,构建了大小为 12 33bp的SOC/ E2融合基因 ,将其插入携带 T4溶菌酶基因 (e)和 denv基因的 T4重组载体 (p RH) ,构建了重组载体 p RSE2 ,通过重组载体与缺失突变型 T4噬菌体基因发生同源重组 ,将 SOC/ E2融合基因整合入 T4噬菌体的基因组中。经EL ISA、Western blot等免疫学检测证实 ,T4噬菌体表达的 E2融合蛋白具有 CSFV免疫学活性 ,动物试验证实 T4 .SOC.E2重组噬菌体免疫鼠后能诱导产生特异性的猪瘟抗体     

原核表达的猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗原多肽的复性和纯化

对原核中以包涵体形式高效表达的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）E2蛋白抗原表位区段（mE2)进行了变性、复性与纯化研究。包涵体经超声破菌分离，然后进行变性溶解和复性，复性产物经硫酸铵沉淀浓缩后，利用免疫亲和层析进行纯化。纯化产物SDS－PAGE分析结果表明，其纯度达97％。酶联免疫试验测定的结果显示，与复性前变性蛋白相比，纯化蛋白与CSFV特异的单抗和多克隆阳性血清的反应活性提高了2－16倍。     

稳定表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的BHK细胞系的构建

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的E2蛋白是引起猪体产生针对猪瘟保护性抗体的主要抗原,构建可稳定表达CSFV E2蛋白的细胞系,可为E2蛋白功能研究及基因工程猪瘟疫苗的研制提供物质基础。本研究将CSFV E2基因克隆至慢病毒表达载体,构建重组慢病毒表达质粒pCDH-E2。将pCDH-E2重组质粒与慢病毒包装质粒共转染293T细胞,获得重组慢病毒。将该慢病毒感染BHK-21细胞,经嘌呤霉素抗性筛选结合有限稀释法筛选出可表达CSFV E2蛋白的BHK细胞系。Western blot分析结果显示,所构建的重组细胞系传至第10代仍能稳定表达CSFV E2蛋白。该细胞系的建立为研制猪瘟新型重组疫苗及其生产奠定基础。     

猪瘟病毒蛋白E2、N^pro基因的克隆表达及纯化

克隆了猪瘟病毒（CSFV）石门株E2和Npro基因,并分别插入pGEX-6p-1表达载体中,构建了原核重组表达质粒。经IPTG诱导后,应用SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果表明,重组质粒均得以成功表达。使用超声法破碎菌体获得蛋白,将带有GST标签的融合蛋白进行亲和层析,其中E2和Npro的表达形式分别为包涵体表达和可溶性蛋白表达。将E2变性后重折叠,应用亲和层析法纯化蛋白,Western blot检测发现CSFV蛋白E2能够被CSFV阳性血清识别,具有良好的反应原性,而Npro不能与CSFV阳性血清反应。     

猪瘟病毒蛋白E2、Npro基因的克隆表达及纯化

克隆了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)石门株E2和Npro基因,并分别插入pGEX-6p-1表达载体中,构建了原核重组表达质粒。经IPTG诱导后,应用SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果表明,重组质粒均得以成功表达。使用超声法破碎菌体获得蛋白,将带有GST标签的融合蛋白进行亲和层析,其中E2和Npro的表达形式分别为包涵体表达和可溶性蛋白表达。将E2变性后重折叠,应用亲和层析法纯化蛋白,Western blot检测发现CSFV蛋白E2能够被CSFV阳性血清识别,具有良好的反应原性,而Npro不能与CSFV阳性血清反应。     

猪瘟病毒四川分离株E2基因的分子克隆、原核表达及免疫学活性分析

分子克隆猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)四川分离株E2基因,并对其进行原核表达及免疫学活性分析。PK-15细胞培养增殖CSFV四川分离株提取总RNA,运用RT-PCR扩增E2基因,定向克隆构建原核重组表达载体,转化E.coli Rosetta-gami-TM(DE3)plysS,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达,Western blotting分析表达蛋白的免疫学活性。试验结果表明,成功克隆了E2基因,共1119 bp,包含有编码E2蛋白的完整序列,编码373个氨基酸;成功构建了CS-FVE2基因完整阅读框、主要抗原区原核表达载体pET-E2(pe)、pET-mE2(pe);蛋白质电泳结果显示,成功表达出约45.32、28.49 ku两目的蛋白,而且表达的E2(pe)、mE2(pe)融合蛋白均能被CSFV阳性血清所识别,具有良好的免疫学反应活性。因此,本试验成功获得CSFV四川分离株E2基因,表达出具有生物学活性的E2(pe)、mE2(pe)融合蛋白。     

新城疫病毒HN蛋白球状头部在T4噬菌体衣壳表面的展示

用RT-PCR扩增新城疫病毒(NDV)hn基因，得到大小约1700bp的片段，将其克隆至pGEM-T easy载体并测定其核苷酸序列。根据测序结果，另设计1对引物带有EcoR I限制位点，用PCR扩增基因主要功能区即编码HN蛋白球状头部的hngd片段，将其分别克隆至pSOC和pR质粒soc基因3′端，重组质粒pSOC-HNGD转化E．coli BL-21(DE3)感受态细胞，以终浓度1mmol／L的1PTG诱导表达，在SDS-PAGE凝胶上检测到相对分子质量大小约67000的目的蛋白条带。随后将重组质粒pR-HNGD转化T4宿主菌E2感受态细胞．阳性克隆用溶菌酶缺陷的T4-Z1感染，用不加溶菌酶的SC平板筛选阳性克隆。经PCR鉴定，hngd片段已整合在T4-Z1的基因组中。纯化后的重组噬菌体T4-Z1-HNGD用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot可检测到67000的特异条带。结果表明，HNGD蛋白成功展示在T4噬菌体衣壳表面，且与NDV抗血清具有良好的反应性。     

PCV2衣壳蛋白羧基端基因在T4噬菌体表面的展示及ELISA方法的建立

用PCR扩增猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型广东分离株的衣壳蛋白羧基端基因,将PCR产物连接到pR质粒,转化DH5α细胞,筛选阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定并测序后,转化E2菌,将重组E2菌与缺陷型噬菌体T4-Z1同源重组后,得到重组噬菌体,经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析,表明衣壳蛋白片段在噬菌体表面正确展示,表达的融...     

噬菌体展示技术

噬菌体展示技术是将外源蛋白或多肽的DNA序列插入到噬菌体外壳蛋白结构基因的适当位置，使外源基因随外壳蛋白的表达而表达，同时，外源蛋白随噬菌体的重新组装而展示到噬菌体表面的生物技术。到目前为止，人们已开发出了单链丝状噬菌体展示系统、入噬菌体展示系统、T4噬菌体展示系统等数种噬菌体展示系统。本文主要概述了噬菌体展示技术的基本原理、噬菌体展示系统研究以及技术特点等，并跟踪了目前该领域的最新研究进展和发展前景。     

鸡缩胆囊素(CCK)在T4噬菌体表面的展示及免疫原性研究

采用T4噬菌体表面展示系统，将CCK-33肽四多串联体及八多串联体展示在T4噬菌体表面，并研究其免疫原性。将CCK四串联体和八串联体与SOC基因缺失的、依赖溶菌酶的噬菌体ФT4-Z1重组，获得重组噬菌体CT-4CCK和西T-8CCK。SDS-PAGE和Western Blot检测结果表明，CCK多串联体蛋白已经成功展示在T4噬菌体表面，其融合蛋白分子量约30ku和41ku，能够与CCK标准阳性血清发生特异性反应。以重组噬菌体为免疫原制备油佐剂疫苗主动免疫胡须肉鸡后，抗体浓度显著升高，肉鸡的体重、采食量都有所提高，而料肉比有所下降。结果说明，鸡CCK蛋白展示在T4噬菌体表面具有良好的免疫原性。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.