新疆特色植物对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响

采用微孔板半定量法,探讨新疆特色植物甘草、盐穗木、醉马草、苦豆子的水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌临床菌株生物膜形成能力的影响。结果表明,盐穗木和甘草水煎液通过2种方式抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成:低浓度时不影响细菌生长但抑制生物膜形成;高浓度时通过抑制细菌生长削弱生物膜形成能力。而苦豆子与醉马草水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的抑制作用则不依赖于其对细菌生长的抑制。     

八味中草药对维氏气单胞菌TH0426生物膜形成的影响

为了解中药对维氏气单胞菌(Aerornomas veronii,AV)TH0426株生物膜形成的影响。采用微孔板半定量法,研究五倍子、红花、黄连、鹿衔草、地榆、射干、姜厚朴及黄芩8味中药水煎液对AV TH0426株生物膜的影响。结果显示,低浓度五倍子、红花和黄连水煎液对菌株生长及生物膜形成均无明显影响;而高浓度五倍子和黄连水煎液可通过抑制菌株的生长来影响生物膜的形成,高浓度红花水煎液对生物膜抑制作用明显,且不影响菌株的正常生长;其余五味中药鹿衔草、地榆、射干、姜厚朴和黄芩对菌株的生长及生物膜形成无明显影响。表明高浓度五倍子、红花及黄连水煎液能抑制AV TH0426株生物膜的形成,具有抗AV TH0426株生物膜的作用,这将为从抗生物膜角度防治维氏气单胞菌提供有益参考。     

抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的放线菌筛选及其活性研究

为筛选对表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis)生物膜形成具有抑制作用的放线菌,本研究采用微量板半定量法检测了185株源自新疆南疆地区土壤中的放线菌对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成能力的影响。结果表明3株放线菌(TRM46200、41337和46814)的发酵液在不影响表皮葡萄球菌生长的条件下抑制其生物膜形成,并且主要在表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的初始黏附阶段发挥作用。本研究为开发利用新疆放线菌资源,以及寻找以抑制生物膜形成为靶点的新型抗生素提供实验依据。     

新疆地区不同来源苦豆子抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的活性成分分析

为分析新疆南北疆地区苦豆子中抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的活性成分,本研究采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析与高效液相色谱等方法分离苦豆子中的活性成分,并采用微量板半定量法检测活性成分对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成能力的影响。结果表明:新疆南疆地区苦豆子水煎液对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的抑制能力明显高于北疆地区的苦豆子水煎液,并且活性成分主要分布于苦豆子茎和叶中。不同溶剂萃取结果显示,乙酸乙酯相萃取物抑制生物膜活性高于三氯甲烷相和甲醇相;分离得到的化合物Sa-1对生物膜具有一定的抑制能力,并且呈剂量依赖关系。本研究为充分开发利用苦豆子资源防治新疆地区奶牛乳房炎提供实验依据。     

小花棘豆生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌的抗菌作用及生物膜形成的影响

探讨小花棘豆生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌的抗菌作用及其对细菌生物膜的抑制作用。以表皮葡萄球菌为研究对象,通过微量肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),微量板半定量法测定其对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响,以去离子水和氯化钠检测小花棘豆生物碱对细菌细胞壁的渗透能力影响。结果表明,小花棘豆生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌作用较强,其MIC和MBC分别为1.6mg/mL和3.2mg/mL,1~1/4MIC的小花棘豆生物碱可明显抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物膜的形成,而且1~1/8MIC的小花棘豆生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌细胞壁的渗透能力有一定的影响。说明小花棘豆生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌具有抗菌作用,对其生物膜形成具有明显的抑制作用。     

醉马草内生真菌共生体对其伴生植物种子萌发的影响

以我国西北部天然草原广泛分布的烈性毒草醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)和其主要伴生种针茅(Stipa capillata)、硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)为供试材料,采用纸上发芽法(TP)测定醉马草地上部分的水浸提液对2种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:带菌(E+)醉马草的水浸提液对受体植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长主要表现抑制作用(P0.05),而且抑制作用随浸提液浓度升高而加强;不带菌(E-)醉马草的水浸提液对受体植物的种子萌发没有显著的影响,只有0.2 g/mL的水浸提液对幼苗的生长有显著的抑制作用。综上所述,带菌醉马草提取液对针茅和硬质早熟禾种子萌发和幼苗生长有强烈的抑制作用,而不带菌醉马草则对2种禾草没有显著的影响。     

新疆骆驼蓬子生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌及其被膜的影响

为了探究新疆骆驼蓬子生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌及细菌生物被膜的抑制作用,试验以表皮葡萄球菌为研究对象,通过半定量法测定骆驼蓬子生物碱的抑菌能力,二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),微量板半定量法测定其对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响。结果表明:骆驼蓬子生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌有抑菌能力,且抑菌率与骆驼蓬子生物碱浓度成正比关系,达到一定浓度有完全杀菌作用。水溶性生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌的MIC为0.03 mg/mL,MBC为0.12 mg/mL。脂溶性生物碱对表皮葡萄球菌的MIC为0.06 mg/mL,MBC为0.25 mg/mL。骆驼蓬子生物碱浓度为0.25,0.50 mg/mL时,抑膜能力与阳性对照青霉素相近,且水溶性生物碱对供试菌株的抑膜能力要强于脂溶性生物碱。说明骆驼蓬子生物碱对生物被膜的形成具有较为明显的抑制作用,通过抑制被膜的形成降低菌群数量,且水溶性生物碱的这些作用略强于脂溶性生物碱。     

蒲公英水提物对体外金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响

研究蒲公英水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的干预及消除作用。通过扫描电镜法(SEM)和结晶紫染色(CV)方法评价蒲公英水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜及其形态学的影响。结果表明,蒲公英水提物不仅能够抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成,而且还对成熟的金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜具有消除作用.这一结果将有助于临床防治由金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜引起的慢性感染。     

黄花棘豆水浸提液对3种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了黄花棘豆（Oxytropis ochrocephala）的水浸提液对垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）、醉马草（Achnatherum inebrians）、多叶老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus cv.‘Duoye’）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同浓度黄花棘豆水浸提液对种子的萌发影响不同,除4％和20％的黄花棘豆水浸提液对醉马草种子萌发无显著影响外,其他各浓度的提取液对3种植物的发芽率均有显著影响。4％黄花棘豆的水浸提液对醉马草根长无显著影响,其他各浓度的提取液都抑制了3种植物幼苗的生长。4%、20%和100％的黄花棘豆水浸提液对3种植物影响的综合效应均表现为抑制作用。     

蛇莓水提物对临床菌株质粒消除作用及生物膜形成的影响

采用肉汤稀释法和牛津杯法观察了蛇莓水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门菌标准菌和临床菌株体外抗菌活性;影印培养法观察亚抑菌浓度作用下,水提物对以上3种临床菌株质粒的消除作用;用微量滴定板法检测不同浓度水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌临床菌株生物膜形成的影响。结果显示,蛇莓水提物对大肠杆菌等不同临床菌株均有抑菌作用,当质量浓度≥125g／l。时对菌株累计抑菌率达100％;蛇莓亚抑菌浓度作用大肠杆菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌24h后,质粒消除率分别为1．4％,5．1％,2．2％;不同浓度蛇莓水提物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌膜形成量均有影响,且存在浓度依赖关系。由此可见,蛇莓水提物对大肠杆菌等兽医临床常见病原菌有抗菌作用,对质粒有消除作用,能抑制细菌生物膜形成。     

葡萄糖酸钠母液益生菌发酵再利用研究

葡萄糖酸钠母液提取产品后剩余产物含糖量较高,处理存在一定难度。本研究探讨用益生菌对其进行发酵再利用的可行性。设计含葡萄糖酸钠母液的培养液,进行培养基灭菌温度试验,测定在该培养液中酿酒酵母菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌生长曲线、生长代时和生长量。结果表明葡萄糖酸钠母液25 g、(NH_4)_2SO_4 2 g、MgSO_4 0.6 g、MnSO_4 0.25 g、水1 000 ml、pH值6.2～6.6,115℃、30 min灭菌后,可供酿酒酵母菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌较好的生长;三种益生菌单独培养优于混合培养,单独培养时浓度分别达到7.5×10~7、4.5×10~9、5.7×10~9CFU/ml。添加廉价无机盐,利用益生菌发酵葡萄糖酸钠母液,可增加其附加值,解决提取葡萄糖酸钠后母液的处理问题。     

Effect of aeration in reducing phytotoxicity in anaerobic digestion liquor of swine manure

Numerous reports have accumulated concerning the quality of solid compost. In contrast, there are few for the residue of anaerobic digestion. In this study, the fertilizer value of anaerobic digestion liquor (ADL) was evaluated, and the effect of aeration on the reduction of the phytotoxicity was examined by a germination assay. Low or high aeration (100 or 400 mL/min) was added to 3 L of ADL obtained from a mixture of pig manure and garbage by using 5‐L jar fermenters under a controlled temperature of 30°C. During the 14‐day aeration period, a high aeration rate improved the germination index (GI) score from 5.7% to nearly 80%, while a low aeration rate did not. Although organic matter decomposition, determined as chemical oxygen demand, did not differ with aeration intensity, remarkable differences were observed in the time course of changes in pH, electric conductivity and ammonium‐nitrogen (NH₄‐N) and total nitrogen (T‐N) content. Among these parameters, the NH₄‐N concentration correlated highly with the GI score (r = 0.986). The primary phytotoxic element in ADL was considered to be NH₄‐N, and the stripping of ammonia (NH₃) by high aeration resulted in the improvement of the GI score. Although the ratio of major nutrients N : P₂O₅ : K₂O (1:0.41:0.94) in ADL was at nearly same level as conventional liquid fertilizer, special attention should be paid to the high concentration of NH₃ when drawing up a fertilization plan.     

Effects of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs

This study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding corn steep liquor (CSL) on in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia and hydrolytic enzyme activities, blood metabolites, feed intake (FI) and growth performance in fattening lambs. The CSL is a by‐product of wet milling process of maize starch industry. The crude protein (CP), rumen‐degradable protein (RDP), lactic acid and metabolisable energy contents of this by‐product were 420, 324, 200 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 12.6 MJ/kg DM respectively. Twenty‐seven male Moghani lambs were assigned randomly into three groups of nine lambs each in a completely randomised design. Three iso‐energetic and iso‐nitrogenous diets containing different levels (0, 50 or 100 g/kg dry matter) of CSL were offered ad libitum three times a day. Forage to concentrate ratio of the diets was 30:70. With inclusion of CSL in diet, the contents of canola meal, fish meal, wheat bran, corn grain and sugar beet pulp were decreased. The contents of DM, ash‐free neutral detergent fibre (NDFom), ether extract, starch, Ca and S were numerically lower, but soluble protein, RDP and non‐fibre carbohydrates were greater in the diets containing CSL in comparison with the control diet. The lambs fed with the diets containing CSL had lower [linear (L), p < 0.06] digestibility coefficients of DM and NDFom as compared to those fed with the diet free of CSL. Ruminal ammonia‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05), but pH decreased (L, p < 0.05) with raising CSL level in diet. Carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper‐degrading activities decreased (L, p < 0.05), while proteases activity increased (L, p < 0.05) as dietary rates of CSL increased. Microcrystalline cellulase and ɑ‐amylase activities were similar among the treatments. Within blood metabolites, only urea‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05) in the lambs receiving CSL as compared to those fed with diet without CSL. Dietary inclusion of CSL resulted in linear decreases (L, p < 0.05) in the intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, NDFom and ash‐free acid detergent fibre, and average daily gain. However, the feed conversion ratio was similar among the experimental animals. Overall, feeding CSL up to 100 g/kg diet DM in lamb resulted in reductions of rumen fibrolytic microbial enzyme activities, in vivo digestibility, FI and growth performance, but rumen proteases activity increased.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化大豆发酵液中大豆异黄酮甙元的研究

大孔吸附树脂是一种多孔性的高分子材料，具有多孔性和较大的比表面积。主要通过物理作用从溶液中有选择性地吸附有机物质，从而达到分离纯化的目的。经大孔吸附树脂纯化的大豆异黄酮甙元纯度高、副产物少，将其作为生物活性成分添加到饲料中，从而起到提高动物机体免疫力、调节动物内分泌等诸多功效。为了促进其进一步深入应用，     

Influence of kanamycin on the rumen bacteria and ammonia production in supplemented sheep rumen liquor in vitro

Bacteriological studies were made with in vitro sheep ruminal fluids supplemented with synthetic fodder containing different amounts of kanamycin (0.125, 2.50, and 60 mg/ml), during anaerobic incubation at 38–39°C for 6 h.Changes in the bacterial population occurred in the presence of large amounts (60 mg/ml) of kanamycin, and the B₁-type strain of Eubacterium became predominant.The marked increase in the concentration of ammonia in the supplemented rumen liquor, obtained after anaerobic incubation with high dosages of this antibiotic, is discussed.