浅谈姜家甸草场草,水,林,机,路的综合开发建设

姜家甸草场属于我国松嫩草原的一部分，总面积１３２万亩，列入国家农业综合开发项目，第一，二期已开发建设１２．６万亩，第三期１０万亩，正在进行中，按照草，水，林，机路现代化草场的要求，已初具规模，并各界了一些经验，主要是：制定规划，分区治理，以草为中心，采取综合措施，修渠排涝，改善生态环境，栽植耐盐碱树种，建造生物围栏，实现机械化和修筑草场道路，以达到工程配套，提高综合效益。     

貂,貉,犬多种免疫球蛋白的研究与应用

利用犬温热，细小病毒性肠炎，犬传染性肝炎，狂犬病等弱毒株，以香菇多糖和动物的核糖，多肽做为免疫增强剂，对异源动物羊，猪，犊牛，家兔进行了免疫应答，筛选出了猪做为异源免疫动物。在免疫增强剂的参与下，完成了多次免疫应答，达到了理想的免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ），通过试验摸清了该制剂的免疫程序，确定了生产工艺，经重复性试验，稳定性试验及含量测定，以及临床应用试验和现志应用试验均达以了预期效果，该制剂经冷冻干燥后     

马属家畜迟,数,疾,脱脉脉象图的研究

本文分析了４６例迟脉、１１９例数脉、１８例疾脉、８例脱脉的脉象图特征，建立了这四种脉的脉象图判定标准。并对迟、数、疾、脱及平脉进行了比较。结果表明，迟脉与平脉相比较，ｔ，ｔ５差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ｔ１差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），ｔ４差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；数、疾、脱与平脉相比较，上述四项参数差异都非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；疾脉与脱脉之间，ｔ１，ｔ４，ｔ５差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），ｔ差异显     

小偏方,试试看

人上年纪皮肤容易干燥，我的脚后跟经常裂口，虽不是什么大病，但裂开时痛得钻心，看医生也没有什么好办法。有一次查蜂揭牌时，我取了一些蜂胶按在裂口上。说来真神，蜂胶粘上去就不痛了。3天后我撕下蜂胶看，脚后跟的裂口竟愈合了。小偏方,试试看@贾玉瑞!辽宁省辽阳市白塔区熊家委3号楼16号,111000     

提升品质,重视维权,增加出口

鸡肉是健康食品，营养丰富，价格适宜，不受民族限制均可消费。在衡量一个国家肉鸡业发展水平时，不应该只看产量，应该看消费量。目前全世界肉类消费中，鸡肉由原来所占的24％提高到31％，牛肉由原来的31％下降为24％，猪肉占24％。今年3月由12个国家代表在西班牙召开了一次会议，其中10个国家禽肉消费量占肉类总量的第一位，只有中国和俄罗斯未达到第一位，     

登云高尔夫球场草坪病,虫,杂草防除

概述了由福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所承担的太平洋高尔夫球场全场１８个洞，约３８ｈｍ＾２草坪在建植中和成坪后前期的病，虫，杂草防除技术，提出了以保持草坪生态系统平衡为手段，以防为主，以治为辅，开展系统的、综合治理的指导思想。     

氟与铜,锌,硒,碘的生物学相关效应

氟是很活泼的化学元素，由于氟具有强大的电负性，几乎可同所有阳离子发生作用，虽然氟中毒的机制目前还没有彻底弄清，但有些学者认为氟对机体的毒性并不是单一因素的结果，氟中毒患者除机体含氟以外，还存在着酶，维生素及微量元素等许多生化指标的改变，特别是微量元素的改变日趋受到重视，因此许多学者对氟与微量元素的关系作了大量的研究。本文就近年来国内外氟与硒，铜，锌，碘的研究进展作一简要综述。     

稻,牛,鱼综合开发试验

稻、牛、鱼综合开发试验陈有家，孙忠银，孙长军，杨军，张作军（黑龙江省八五四农场虎林县１５８４０３）为了探索综合性开发养殖业与种植业的新路子，以取得更好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。我们于１９９２年５月１日至１１月１日在八五四农场１８队，进行了稻、牛...     

微量元素铜,锌,硒对西门塔尔牛奶量,乳品质的影响

本试验采用三因素，按Ｌ９（３＾４）正交设计，进行了奶牛饲料中添加不同水平的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ饲喂试验，结果表明，补饲牛的健康良好，受孕率增高，换毛快，日均产奶量明显增加，乳蛋白，乳指先进等乳品质量指标均不同程度的增加，补饲后比补饲前高，补饲的后比对照组高。     

铜仁地区犬,鹅,兔寄生虫区系调查

随着人民生活水平的不断提高，膳食结构发生了变化。大肉、兔肉已成为席上佳肴，从而促进了犬、兔、鹅饲养业的发展。尤其是大作为宠物不断进入人们生活之中，而犬是多种人兽共患寄生虫病原的中间宿主和终未宿主。与人类接触濒繁，为此开展犬、鹅。兔的寄生虫区系调查，为开展防治工作提供科学依据，我们进行了区系调查工作，现报告如下：且自然条件概况铜仁地区位于贵州省东北部，东经107°45′－109°30′，北纬27°7′－29°5′之间，居乌江水系，沉江水系的武陵山区地带，西与遵义、北与重庆，东与湖南，南与黔东南接壤。海拔高度300－2…     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review

Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Studies on some biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin

A total of 49 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin were studied for biochemical characteristics. Coagulase production, clumping factor, haemolytic activity, pigment production and fermentation of maltose and mannitol were employed to differentiate S. aureus from S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Out of 49 isolates, 97.95, 93.87, 93.87, 89.79, 95.91, 100.0, 95.91, 59.18, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 89.79, 91.83 and 100.0% isolates were positive for coagulase production, protein-A production, haemolysin production, thermostable nuclease production, deoxyribonuclease production, tellurite reduction, nitrate reduction, lipase production, phosphatase production, mannitol fermentation, glucose fermentation, M.R. test, V.P. test and pigment production respectively. The only isolate from which coagulase production could not be detected, however, showed haemolytic activity, protein-A productivity, pigmentation and mannitol fermentation. One of the protein-A negative isolate was coagulase positive and showed mennitol fermentation, pigmentation and haemolytic activity. The study revealed that the biochemical characteristics of S. aureus of buffalo mammary origin did not differ from those of cattle origin. Coagulase, haemolysin, thermostable nuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, lipase, tellurite and nitrate reduction closely related with protein-A. The presence of protein-A seems to be as reliable an indicator for S. aureus of buffalo origin as is coagulase production.     

几种草坪草和牧草在兰州地区的引种适应性研究

国外引进的6个优良草坪草品种：Bardur(百舵)、Barfina(百妃娜)、Barcotsa、Barkole(百克星)、BarLp95-1和BarPc74及牧草品种——紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)在中国兰州(寒冷半干旱带)进行品种的评定和适应性研究,结果表明：除在气候异常、高温多雨的夏季,Barcorsa表现不佳外,6个草坪草品种适宜在中国寒冷半干旱带推广;紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)的植株高大,产量高、抗寒、抗倒伏,与当地品种相比,优势明显;并且在兰州地区1年刈割4次,可收到更好的增产效果。     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

基于网络药理学分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机制

利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)和herb数据库检索收集桑叶的化学成分和靶点,运用Cytoscape3.7.2软件、NCBI数据库、STRING数据库构建并分析桑叶化合物-靶点网络和蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并对靶点进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析,藉以分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机理。结果表明,共筛选到槲皮素、芦丁、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜素和花生四烯酸等30个有效活性成分,这些成分作用于221个靶点。其中IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等为核心靶点。GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析显示靶点的作用涉及分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成3个方面,并参与到NOD样受体信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、细胞凋亡等多条代谢通路。本研究表明,理论上桑叶基于IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等靶点可以调控鸡的抗氧化作用,为进一步的试验验证及桑叶作为抗氧化功能饲料添加剂的开发提供了启示。     

CT features of malignant tubular genital tract tumors in seven goats

Neoplasia of the tubular genital tract in goats, while rarely described, is most commonly reported as uterine adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, or leiomyosarcoma. In this retrospective, single-center, case series, medical records were searched for goats with a computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of tubular genital mass and a definitive histologic (surgical biopsy or necropsy) diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. Data recorded from CT images were presence of peritoneal/retroperitoneal fluid, urinary tract obstruction, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, additional abdominal nodules/masses, and pulmonary nodules. For masses, maximum cross-sectional area, contrast enhancement, and uterine luminal fluid accumulation were also recorded. Seven goats met the inclusion criteria (leiomyosarcoma n = 5, adenocarcinoma n = 2). Both goats with adenocarcinoma had upper urinary tract obstruction, moderate to severe regional lymphadenopathy, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal or hepatic nodules/masses; one goat with adenocarcinoma was discharged and subsequently euthanized, and the other had palliative mass debulking and was lost to follow up. Goats with leiomyosarcoma had infrequent, mild peritoneal fluid and mild sublumbar lymphadenopathy. Of the goats with leiomyosarcoma, two were euthanized at or near the time of CT imaging, two were euthanized at the time of surgery due to perceived mass non-resectability, and one had mass regression approximately four months post ovariohysterectomy but was subsequently lost to follow up. Five goats had pulmonary nodules, three of which had pathologic confirmation (pulmonary metastasis in a single patient with adenocarcinoma, and lungworm granulomas in two goats with leiomyosarcoma). Severe sublumbar lymphadenopathy and obstructive uropathy were sequelae in the two caprine patients with genital adenocarcinoma, and in none with leiomyosarcoma.     

QUANTITATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NORMAL FELINE CRANIAL ABDOMEN

Magnetic resonance images of the cranial abdomen were acquired from 15 clinically normal cats. All cats had T1-weighted images, 8 cats had T2-images made and 7 cats had T1-weighted post Gd-DTPA images acquired. Signal intensity measurements for T1, T2, and T1 post contrast sequences were calculated for liver, spleen, gallbladder, renal cortex, renal medulla, pancreas, epaxial muscles, and peritoneal fat. On T1-weighted images the epaxial muscle had the lowest signal intensity, followed by renal medulla, spleen, renal cortex, pancreas, liver and fat, respectively. On T2-weighted images, epaxial muscle had the lowest signal intensity followed by liver, spleen, fat, and gallbladder lumen. Calculations of specific organ percent enhancement following contrast medium administration were made and compared with that reported in humans. A brief review of the potential clinical uses of MR in cats is presented.