犬瘟热、犬细小病毒两项阳性治疗

犬瘟热和犬细小病毒是由犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒引起的一种致死性、高度接触性传染病。主要侵害一岁以内的幼犬,但一岁以上的犬也时有发病。这两种传染病是犬类最主要的烈性传染病,死亡率非常高。特别是以上两种病混合感染时死亡率更高。延吉市新兴动物医院2009年9月份治愈好一例犬瘟热、犬细小病毒两项阳性病例现介绍如下。     

犬细小病毒病继发犬瘟热的诊治

<正>犬细小病毒病和犬瘟热是分别由犬细小病毒和犬瘟热病毒引起的一种致死性、高度接触性传染病。临床上两者混合感染的病例并不少见,一旦出现混合感染,治愈率将大幅度降低。2012年,北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心诊治的231例犬细小病毒病例中有5例中后期继发感染犬瘟热[1]。现将北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心近期诊治的1例两者混合感染病例进行介绍。1发病情况及临床症状3月龄德国牧羊犬,母犬,体重为10 kg,体温为     

犬瘟热、犬细小病毒两项阳性治疗病例

<正>犬瘟热和犬细小病毒是由犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒引起的一种致死性、高度接触性传染病。主要侵害一岁以内的幼犬,但一岁以上的犬也时有发病。这两种传染病是犬类最主要的烈性传染病,死亡率非常高。特别是以上两种病混合感染时死亡率更高。延吉市新兴动物医院2009年9月份治愈好一例犬瘟热、犬细小病毒两项阳性病例现介绍如下。     

徐州地区犬细小病毒感染调查与分析

为了调查当前徐州地区犬细小病毒感染情况,笔者采用犬细小病毒抗原快速检测试纸,对2014年间徐州地区确诊的阳性病例进行了诊断和分析。结果表明:2014年,犬细小病毒感染率仅占门诊病历10.6%,每年3—5月份多发,1岁以内幼犬易感,2月龄幼犬最易感,感染率为39.3%。     

犬细小病毒病与犬瘟热的诊疗体会

收集2014年3月~2015年3月间自然发病病例共36例,其中犬细小病毒病25例,犬瘟热11例,按照患犬的体温、年龄、品种及其不同治疗方案进行分组试验,从而对犬细小病毒病与犬瘟热进行对比,并对不同治疗方案的疗效加以分析评价。结果表明:犬细小病毒病呈持续性发热,最容易感染3~6月龄的幼犬,纯种犬的发病率明显高于土种犬;犬瘟热呈双相热,容易感染3-12月龄的幼犬,纯种犬与土种犬均易感。在对症治疗的基础上,犬细小病毒病采用单克隆抗体的治疗效果明显优于血清疗法;犬瘟热发病前期采用单克隆抗体可控制病情的进一步发展,中后期采用单抗疗法可有效增强机体的抗病毒能力,防止产生后遗症。     

犬瘟热荧光抗体技术的应用研究

用硫酸铵盐析法和蔗糖梯度离心法，从犬瘟热病毒人工感染犬的肝，脾中浓度提纯犬瘟热病毒，以其免疫家兔，制备兔抗犬瘟热病毒免疫血清，再经硫酸铵沉淀与ＱＡＥ－葡聚糖凝胶Ａ５０层析提取ＩｇＧ，于４℃低速搅拌标记异硫氰酸荧光素，制成兔抗犬瘟热病毒抗原荧光抗体。用上述荧光抗体检测２１只犬瘟热病毒人工感染犬和３５只自然感染犬的１１６份白细胞，抗原阳性１０９份，而健康犬，传染性肝炎犬，犬细小病毒肠炎犬的３７份血液白     

徐州地区犬瘟热流行病学调查与分析

为了调查当前徐州地区犬瘟热的流行情况,试验采用犬瘟热抗原快速检测试纸法,对2014年间徐州地区3家宠物医院确诊的205例犬瘟热阳性病例进行了分析。结果表明:在徐州地区犬瘟热病例占全年门诊病例总数6.6%,主要发生于2—5月份,2~5月龄幼犬多发,特别是2~3月龄幼犬占49.3%,建议将犬瘟热的首免时间调整至6周龄,每年1月份加强免疫。     

藏獒犬瘟热与细小病毒混感的诊治

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的犬科、鼬科和浣熊科等多种动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性、致死性传染病,主要表现为双相热、急性鼻卡他,随后以支气管炎、肺炎、严重的胃肠炎和神经症状等为特征,少数病例出现鼻部和脚垫的高度角化。犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起的一种急性、烈性、致死性传染病,该病以出血性肠炎和非化脓性心肌炎为主要临床特征。随着我国养犬业迅速发展,犬发生犬瘟热与细小病毒病混合感染的病例也在不断增加,导致犬只死亡,给养犬业带来很大的危害。2013年4月19日,我们在淮安生物工程高等职业学校动物医院接诊了一只藏獒,根据流行病学调查、临床检查、血细胞分析检查及犬瘟热病毒（CDV）快速检测和犬细小病毒（CPV）快速检测,诊断该藏獒为犬瘟热病毒与细小病毒混合感染,现就诊治情况报告如下。     

犬细小病毒病继发犬瘟热的诊治

犬细小病毒病和犬瘟热是分别由犬细小病毒和犬瘟热病毒引起的一种致死性、高度接触性传染病。临床上两者混合感染的病例并不少见,一旦出现混合感染,治愈率将大幅度降低。2012年,北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心诊治的231例犬细小病毒病例中有5例中后期继发感染犬瘟热[1]。现将北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心近期诊治的1例两者混合感染病例进行介绍。     

一例幼犬犬瘟热的诊断与中西医结合治疗

正犬瘟热是由于犬感染犬瘟热病毒而患的一种高度接触性传染病,传染性极强,死亡率可高达80%以上。1病例情况泾川县宠物爱好者徐某于2018年2月17日从宠物市场购回2只90日龄的萨摩耶犬,购回10d后发现两只幼犬相继食欲不振,精神沉郁,眼鼻流出水样分泌物,打喷嚏。2临床症状幼犬发病后第一天表现发热,温度40℃,眼鼻流出水样分泌物,精神沉郁,继食欲不振,呕     

Development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy and antibody response in a litter of vaccinated Weimaraner puppies

Two different vaccination protocols were compared with regard to the development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) (also termed metaphyseal osteopathy) and effectiveness of immunisation in a litter of 10 Weimaraner puppies. Five puppies (group 1) were vaccinated with a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine (CPV) and then two weeks later with a trivalent vaccine containing modified live canine distemper virus and adenovirus type 2 combined with a Leptospira bacterin (DHL). The CPV and DHL vaccine protocols were administered a further two times, at two-week intervals. Group 2 was vaccinated with three consecutive multivalent vaccines containing modified live canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, parainfluenza and adenovirus type 2 combined with a Leptospira bacterin, at four-week intervals. All puppies were first vaccinated at the age of eight weeks. Three dogs in group 1 developed HOD, while all five dogs in group 2 developed HOD during the study period. Dogs in group 2 had more episodes of HOD than those in group 1. Dogs in group 1 developed higher antibody titres to canine distemper virus and parvovirus compared with those in group 2. Only two out of the 10 dogs developed protective antibody titres to parvovirus. The results of this study suggest that the two different vaccination protocols affected the pattern of appearance of HOD and immunisation in this litter of Weimaraner puppies. The results obtained and the previously reported data suggest that a larger controlled study is needed to further elucidate the effect of different vaccination protocols on HOD and immunisation in Weimaraner puppies.     

Seroconversion of puppies to canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus: a comparison of two combination vaccines

Sixty puppies were randomly assigned to receive one of two commercially available combination vaccines, and responses to the canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus components of the vaccines were determined by measuring serum antibody titers. The percentage of puppies that seroconverted to canine parvovirus was significantly higher and the mean time for seroconversion was significantly shorter for puppies that received one of the vaccines than for puppies that received the other vaccine. Percentages of puppies that seroconverted to canine distemper virus were not significantly different.     

Influence of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs by measuring postvaccinal serum concentrations of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus. ANIMALS: 10 dogs receiving long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide (treatment group) and 10 healthy dogs (control group). PROCEDURE: The treatment group included 9 dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus and 1 dog with pemphigus foliaceus on long-term treatment (> 12 months) with tetracycline and niacinamide. The control group included 10 healthy dogs with no clinical signs of disease and no administered medications for the past 3 months. Blood samples were obtained from all dogs by jugular venipuncture. Serum antibody titers against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus antigens were measured, using hemaglutination inhibition and serum neutralization, respectively, and compared between groups. RESULTS: A significant difference in antibody titers between treatment- and control-group dogs was not found. All dogs had protective antibody titers against canine distemper virus, and 8 of 10 dogs from each group had protective titers against canine parvovirus infection. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results provide evidence that long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide does not interfere with routine vaccinations and thus does not seem to influence antibody production in dogs.     

Compatibility of a bivalent modified-live vaccine against Bordetella bronchiseptica and CPiV, and a trivalent modified-live vaccine against CPV, CDV and CAV-2

Eight puppies (group 1) were vaccinated once with a bivalent modified-live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis by the intranasal route and at the same time with an injectable trivalent vaccine against canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus; a second group of eight puppies (group 2) was vaccinated only with the intranasal bivalent vaccine, and a further eight puppies (group 3) were vaccinated only with the injectable trivalent vaccine. Three weeks later they were all challenged with wildtype Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus by the aerosol route, and their antibody responses to the five vaccine organisms were determined. Oronasal swabs were taken regularly before and after the challenge for the isolation of bacteria and viruses, and the puppies were observed for clinical signs for three weeks after the challenge. There were no significant differences in the puppies' titres against canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 2 between the groups vaccinated with or without the bivalent intranasal vaccine. After the challenge the mean clinical scores of the two groups vaccinated with the intranasal vaccine were nearly 90 per cent lower (P=0.001) than the mean score of the group vaccinated with only the trivalent injectable vaccine, and the puppies in this group all became culture-positive for B bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus. There were only small differences between the rates of isolation of B bronchiseptica from groups 1, 2 and 3, but significantly lower yields of canine parainfluenza virus were isolated from groups 1 and 2 than from group 3.     

Clinical and serological response of wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) to vaccination against canine distemper,canine parvovirus infection and rabies

Wild dogs Lycaon pictuis (n = 8) were vaccinated 4 times against canine distemper (n = 8) (initially with inactivated and subsequently with live attenuated strains of canine distemper) and canine parvovirus infection (n = 8) over a period of 360 days. Four of the wild dogs were also vaccinated 3 times against rabies using a live oral vaccine and 4 with an inactivated parenteral vaccine. Commercially-available canine distemper, canine parvovirus and parenteral rabies vaccines, intended for use in domestic dogs, were used. None of the vaccinated dogs showed any untoward clinical signs. The inactivated canine distemper vaccine did not result in seroconversion whereas the attenuated live vaccine resulted in seroconversion in all wild dogs. Presumably protective concentrations of antibodies to canine distemper virus were present in all wild dogs for at least 451 days. Canine parvovirus haemagglutination inhibition titres were present in all wild dogs prior to the administration of vaccine and protective concentrations persisted for at least 451 days. Vaccination against parvovirus infection resulted in a temporary increase in canine parvovirus haemagglutination inhibition titres in most dogs. Administration of both inactivated parenteral and live oral rabies vaccine initially resulted in seroconversion in 7 of 8 dogs. These titres, however, dropped to very low concentrations within 100 days. Booster administrations resulted in increased antibody concentrations in all dogs. It was concluded that the vaccines were safe to use in healthy subadult wild dogs and that a vaccination protocol in free-ranging wild dogs should at least incorporate booster vaccinations against rabies 3-6 months after the first inoculation.     

Recent epidemiological status of canine viral enteric infections and Giardia infection in Japan.

Epidemiology of canine enteric infections was studied. Rectal swabs collected from 95 dogs presented at animal hospitals during a period from January to June of 2000 were examined for enteric pathogens, including viruses and Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia). Most frequently detected in both diarrheal and normal feces were canine coronavirus (55.4%) and G. lamblia (48.2%). Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was specifically associated with diarrheal cases and CPV-2b was the predominant antigenic type. Although canine rotavirus, canine adenovirus, and canine distemper virus were also detected in a small number of diarrheal cases, no evidence for calicivirus infection was obtained.     

Effect of vaccination on experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine comparative efficacy of vaccines administered IM and intranasally, used alone or sequentially, to protect puppies from infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and determine whether systemic or mucosal antibody response correlated with protection. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 50 specific-pathogen-free Beagle puppies. PROCEDURE: In 2 replicates of 25 dogs each, 14-week-old puppies that were vaccinated against canine distemper virus and parvovirus were vaccinated against B bronchiseptica via intranasal, IM, intranasal-IM, or IM-intranasal administration or were unvaccinated controls. Puppies were challenge exposed via aerosol administration of B bronchiseptica 2 weeks after final vaccination. Clinical variables and systemic and mucosal antibody responses were monitored for 10 days after challenge exposure. Puppies in replicate 1 were necropsied for histologic and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Control puppies that were seronegative before challenge exposure developed paroxysmal coughing, signs of depression, anorexia, and fever. Vaccinated puppies (either vaccine) that were seronegative before challenge exposure had fewer clinical signs. Puppies that received both vaccines had the least severe clinical signs and fewest lesions in the respiratory tract. Vaccinated dogs had significantly higher concentrations of B bronchiseptica-reactive antibodies in serum saliva before and after challenge. Antibody concentrations were negatively correlated with bacterial growth in nasal cavity and pharyngeal samples after challenge exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Parenterally and intranasally administered vaccines containing B bronchiseptica may provide substantial protection from clinical signs of respiratory tract disease associated with infection by this bacterium. Administration of both types of vaccines in sequence afforded the greatest degree of protection against disease.     

水貂犬瘟热流行病学调查

为了调查山东省水貂犬瘟热的流行病学情况,对2010年8月－2012年8月期间由诸城、文登等地养貂场送诊的996份水貂病例进行了临床诊断和病原学检查。结果显示,共检出犬瘟热病毒阳性病料223份,阳性率为22.39%。其中,犬瘟热病毒与其他病原混合感染136例,占阳性病例的60.99%;阳性样本中未免疫病例116个;诸城检出阳性病例数最多,为147例;3月龄水貂发病率最高,占阳性病例的43.0%;水貂感染犬瘟热病毒主要症状为眼、鼻黏液性分泌物增多、脚垫增厚、呼吸困难;主要病理变化为肠、脑部出血。结果表明,犬瘟热依然是危害水貂养殖的重要疫病,且犬瘟热病毒易与其他病原混合感染;免疫接种能有效预防水貂犬瘟热,且宜在3月龄以前进行。     

犬瘟热的诊断及其预防免疫的研究进展

本文对犬瘟热（CD）的诊断、预防免疫和免疫失败的影响因素及犬瘟热病毒（CDV）的宿主范围进行了综述。CDV不仅感染陆生食肉动物，而且也感染水生食肉动物，并且其宿主范围还在不断扩大。CDV感染主要采用病毒分离、特异性病毒抗原或特异性核酸检测等方法确诊。疫苗包括灭活的CDV疫苗、麻疹病毒（MV）异源苗及CDV弱毒活苗。疫苗接种犬的免疫反应主要取决于毒株特性及犬的应答能力，只有弱毒活苗能诱导产生持久而坚强的保护力。尽管多年来CDV弱毒活苗的使用控制了CD的发生，但最近免疫过的犬发生CD的病例并不少见。分析免疫失败的原因，主要是母源抗体干扰、疫苗质量差、其它病毒的免疫抑制以及CDV流行株可能发生了变异等因素的影响。