一例犬肺腺癌的病理学诊断

为了确定动物肺癌的组织学类型,以更好的在临床上对肺癌进行诊断,分别通过H.E.染色和免疫组织化学的方法对犬肺癌进行鉴别诊断。组织学检查发现,癌细胞沿肺泡壁生长,呈片状占满肺泡腔,癌细胞呈高柱状,细胞核深染,癌变明显,属于典型的肺腺癌的亚型-细支气管肺泡癌的组织学特征。对CK、Vimentin、NSE、CEA、p63和TTF-1共6种肿瘤标记物的免疫组化染色表明,肿瘤细胞的染色结果是CK(+)、Vimentin(-)、NSE(-)、CEA(+)、TTF-1(+)和p63弱阳性,表明该病变属于恶性癌变,来源于上皮组织,符合肺腺癌的特点。从而可以诊断为肺腺癌的亚型—肺泡癌。     

1例拉布拉多犬口腔黑色素瘤的诊断与治疗

口腔恶性黑色素瘤是犬口腔内最常见的肿瘤类型,具有侵袭性强和远处转移率高的特点。口腔恶性黑色素瘤预后不良,多数患犬由于肿瘤的进展而死亡。文章报告了一例拉布拉多犬口腔黑色素瘤病例诊断和治疗过程。根据临床检查、细胞学检查、血常规和血液生化检查、影像学检查以及组织病理学检查结果,确诊该犬患有口腔黑色素瘤。采用氩氦刀冷冻消融术对患犬进行治疗。治疗后1周,患犬症状明显缓解。近期随访,患犬病情趋于稳定,口腔内未见肿瘤复发。     

湖北省禽白血病自然病例的病理学诊断及p53和Bcl-2基因表达情况的观察

应用组织病理学和SABC免疫组织化学技术,对湖北省武汉市的2批14日龄和33日龄疑似禽白血病肉鸡进行了病理学诊断,并观察了病鸡肝肿瘤组织中p53基因和Bcl-2基因的表达情况。剖检可见病鸡肝、肾、脾均不同程度肿胀,组织病理学检查在肝、肾、心等脏器可见散在或聚集成团的骨髓瘤细胞,胞浆内充满球形的嗜酸性颗粒;在病鸡肝肿瘤组织中p53和Bcl-2基因均呈阳性表达,诊断为J亚群禽白血病（ALV-J）,提示p53基因和Bcl-2基因与肉鸡J亚群禽白血病有关。     

一例犬口腔恶性黑色素瘤的病理组织学观察

恶性黑色素瘤是犬类恶性肿瘤中比较常见的一种,一旦发现,除手术治疗方法外无其他有效治疗方案,且易发生组织溃烂和癌细胞转移。笔者对一例11岁雄性可卡的口腔肿瘤进行病理组织切片染色,显微镜下观察到明显的黑色素肿瘤细胞,其大小不一,形状各异。该口腔肿瘤确诊为恶性黑色素瘤。希望为临床犬口腔恶性黑色素瘤的诊断提供参考资料。     

免疫马黑色素瘤试验报告

一、我所免疫马匹中黑色素瘤检出情况: 1.马匹罹患恶性黑色素瘤,多见于白色和浅色老马,交献上早有记载。1964年全国血清经验交流会上,上海生物制品研究所曾介绍该所先后发现14例免疫马匹患有黑色素瘤。1971年长春生物制品研究所亦曾来函阐述免疫马匹恶性黑色素瘤方面的情况。从1960年到1974年,据不完全统计,共发现     

一例獭兔疥螨病的病理组织学观察

为了对兔皮肤疾病进行更好地诊断和预防,就一例患病獭兔进行了病理学观察,为兔皮肤病研究提供基础资料.通过观察病兔剖检变化、寄生虫形态观察及采集内脏器官或组织制成病理组织学切片进行病理学染色的方法进行实验室诊断.经观察发现皮肤增厚、结痂、皮肤角质层增厚、皮下组织血管充血、水肿、炎性细胞浸润,并发现了大量虫体.其他内脏组织也有相应炎症变化.确诊了该病兔患有疥螨病.     

大肠杆菌病患鸡肝、脾结构的病理学研究

为了更好地了解大肠杆菌病患鸡肝、脾结构的病理变化,从云南省昆明地区养鸡场采集发病鸡,通过对其进行细菌分离鉴定,确诊为感染鸡大肠杆菌病后,采集发病鸡的肝、脾等制作组织切片,显微观察其病理变化。结果发现,肝脏组织的病理学变化主要为肝组织发生水肿、凝固样坏死,病变严重区域发生玻璃样变;脾组织的病理学变化主要为脾脏组织间隙增大,脾脏淋巴细胞稀疏,脾组织中间质细胞发生增生,出现大量长杆状细胞,脾组织中淋巴细胞出现皱缩,吞噬细胞数量增多。     

大肠杆菌病患鸡肝、脾结构的病理学研究

为了更好地了解大肠杆菌病患鸡肝、脾结构的病理变化,从云南省昆明地区养鸡场采集发病鸡,通过对其进行细菌分离鉴定,确诊为感染鸡大肠杆菌病后,采集发病鸡的肝、脾等制作组织切片,显微观察其病理变化。结果发现,肝脏组织的病理学变化主要为肝组织发生水肿、凝固样坏死,病变严重区域发生玻璃样变;脾组织的病理学变化主要为脾脏组织间隙增大,脾脏淋巴细胞稀疏,脾组织中间质细胞发生增生,出现大量长杆状细胞,脾组织中淋巴细胞出现皱缩,吞噬细胞数量增多。     

肾脏病变对隐性兔脑炎原虫病的诊断研究

为了尽快诊断隐性兔脑炎原虫病,本研究对屠宰检验发现的31只有病变的兔肾,用病理学方法进行了兔隐性脑炎原虫感染的研究。结果证明:31只兔肾均以间质性肾炎为基本病变,在3只兔肾组织的肾小管上皮中检出假囊,革兰氏染色鉴别其为兔脑炎原虫假囊。脑炎原虫性间质性肾炎的病变主要包括两种,即弥漫性间质性肾炎和增生性肉芽肿性肾炎。总之,通过对肾脏病变的检查,能及早发现隐性兔脑炎原虫病。     

牦牛肺炎的病理学观察和细菌学初步诊断

对2002年陕西省凤县的病死牦牛进行了常规病理学检查,尸体剖检发现大脑、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、消化道、肾脏等器官均发生了不同程度的病变。进一步的组织病理学观察发现,肺组织充血,肝组织淋巴细胞浸润,肝细胞颗粒变性等。细菌学诊断分离到了致病性的巴氏杆菌和葡萄球菌。提示该病可能是巴氏杆菌感染引起,人工感染模型有待进一步研究。     

安徽省禽白血病感染的血清学调查及gp85基因的扩增

随机抽取安徽省3个肉种鸡场种鸡及3个地市农贸市场商品鸡的血清样本和泄殖腔拭子,采用ELISA进行鸡白血病检测,并对J亚群鸡白血病病毒抗体阳性鸡群中病鸡的肝组织、全血及上毒细胞提取DNA进行PCR扩增和基因测序。检测结果表明,3个肉种鸡场中J亚群鸡白血病抗体阳性检出率分别为：0、73.50%和15.22%;3个农贸市场商品鸡抗体阳性检出率分别为：12.00%、2.22%和9.10%。3个肉种鸡场A、B亚群鸡白血病的抗体阳性率分别为0、17.93%和1.08%,ALV抗原阳性率分别为2.17%、17.93%和15.22%。PCR检测结果表明,从可疑发病鸡的肝组织和全血中均能扩增出ALV-J gp85特异性片段。结果证实安徽省鸡群中有ALV-J感染,并呈不同程度的流行,应引起高度重视。     

Serologic testing for aspergillosis in commercial broiler chickens and turkeys

Sera samples from commercial broiler chickens and turkeys diagnosed with respiratory and disseminated aspergillosis were tested for the presence of antigen and antibody to Aspergillus. Antigen detection consisted of testing for two cell-wall components, beta-glucan and galactomannan, which have been used extensively in human medicine. There were significantly higher levels of galactomannan in all broiler chicken submissions (100%) and antibody to Aspergillus in 6 out of 9 submissions (66.6%) vs. control birds. Beta-glucan analyses did not show any differences among levels in the broiler chicken groups. There were significantly higher levels of galactomannan antigen in 4 out of 7 submissions (57.1%) of aspergillosis in commercial turkeys, while only 2 out of 7 submissions (28.5%) had higher levels of antibody to Aspergillus vs. the control group. This study shows that diagnosis of respiratory and disseminated aspergillosis may be performed by detection of galactomannan antigenemia and antibodies in broiler chickens and to an extent in turkeys.     

卵黄性腹膜炎、鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率、产蛋率影响的初步调查

为了探讨卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率和产蛋率的影响，在2016年1月至2017年4月中旬，对江苏省常州市某种鸡场岭南黄鸡、花鸡（金茅花鸡）、草鸡（金茅草鸡）、黄脚麻鸡4个品种鸡的发病及死亡情况进行临床症状观察及病理剖解；同时记录鸡场每日的鸡死亡数、产蛋数、每日免疫和用药情况，分析不同时期的死亡率和产蛋率，比较不同品种鸡的产蛋率及产蛋高峰期产蛋率与正常蛋鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率（参考值80%）之间的差异。从死亡鸡的剖解结果来看，腹腔内卵黄凝固黏连在肠道上，输卵管肿大，充满白色或淡黄色干酪样物，初步诊断为卵黄性腹膜炎；肝脏和脾脏肿大，肠系膜或胸壁有肿瘤状物体，初步诊断为鸡白血病。岭南黄鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著高于产蛋上升期和高峰期（P<0.01），黄脚麻鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著低于产蛋高峰期（P<0.01）；花鸡、草鸡、黄脚麻鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率平均值均低于60%，与参考值（80%）差异极显著（P<0.01）。综合试验结果，卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对鸡场影响严重，导致鸡死亡率上升，产蛋率下降；抗应激药和营养药可以起到缓解预防的作用，但无法根治，尚无有效的治疗方法。     

Use of immunocytochemical techniques in canine melanoma

The staining patterns of the monoclonal antibodies S-100 and Melan-A in canine melanoma were assessed based on cytological specimens of six canine melanomas (four benign, two malignant). In addition, eight regional lymph nodes of the two dogs with malignant melanomas were stained using these markers. For reference, all specimens were also evaluated immunohistochemically using S-100 and Melan-A. To assess the immunocytochemical specificity of both antibodies, various canine tumours and normal tissues were stained. The immunocytochemical staining results of the canine melanomas and the regional lymph nodes showed high conformity with the immunohistochemical reactivity patterns for S-100 and Melan-A. The specificity of Melan-A was higher compared with S-100. Melan-A, in particular, may be helpful for the cytological diagnosis of canine melanoma.     

安徽省部分地区鸡群禽偏肺病毒感染的血清学调查

为掌握禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)在安徽省鸡群中的感染状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对安徽省合肥、亳州、定远、舒城等地区的9个鸡场、7个不同品种(系)鸡群的296份血液样本进行了aMPV血清抗体检测。结果表明,所有被检鸡场均有aMPV感染,鸡场阳性率最高达100%,最低为20%;各品种(系)鸡均有感染,感染率最高的是青脚麻肉鸡,其次分别为科宝肉鸡、海兰蛋鸡、禽粤黄蛋鸡、淮南麻黄鸡、黄羽土鸡和新广麻肉鸡;其中蛋用型鸡血清样本总体阳性率为88.7%,明显高于肉用和兼用型鸡;公鸡和母鸡血清抗体阳性率均较高。研究结果表明,安徽省鸡群aMPV的感染已广泛存在,且不同地区、品种(系)、用途和性别的鸡群均较严重,应根据感染状况尽早制定相应的防控对策。     

Immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction studies in Neospora caninum experimentally infected broiler chicken embryonated eggs

The diagnostic characteristics of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were studied in the tissues of broiler chicken embryos experimentally infected by Neospora caninum. An infection with N. caninum NC-1 isolate was conducted in 70 broiler chicken embryonated eggs randomly divided into seven equal groups. After 8 days of incubation, six groups were inoculated with 10, 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) doses of tachyzoites/embryonated egg. The 7th group was considered as control. The mortality rate and pathological changes of the dead embryos and hatched chickens up to 60 days old were noticed. Consecutive sections to those used for histopathological examination including the liver, heart, brain, and chorioalantoic (CA) membrane were subjected to IHC. The intensity and distribution of the immunostaining was graded as highly to mildly positive. For PCR procedure, DNA was extracted from 50mg of the tissues and primer pair Np21/Np6 was used for amplification of the Nc-5 gene. The results of the immunosignaling ranged from variable degrees of mild to moderate staining as dark-brown to brown and coarsely to finely granular, mostly within the cytoplasm of infected cells such as the endothelial cells of blood vessels. The parasite aggregation was more predominant in the heart than other tissues. Immunoreactivity for N. caninum antigen was multifocally moderate positive in the heart, liver and CA of the 10(3) dose, and also heart, liver, brain and CA of the 10(4) dose. IHC showed mildly positive in the liver and heart of the chicken embryos infected with 10 and 10(2) tachyzoites, as well. The results of the PCR confirmed the existence of the parasite in all of the examined tissues from the 10(3) and 10(4) doses. In conclusion, the results indicate a good agreement between IHC and PCR in diagnosis of neospora antigen in the infected tissues.     

发酵棉粕及其他营养素对肉鸡脂肪代谢影响的研究进展

现代肉鸡饲养管理方法,使鸡种表现出增重迅速、出栏日龄逐年缩短,但是在这一过程中,易造成肉鸡脂肪过度沉积。过多的脂肪沉积降低胴体品质、降低饲料转化率,提高了养殖成本;肉鸡分割和深加工过程中没有商业价值的脂肪组织被剔除,降低了屠体产量;此外,肝脏脂肪过度沉积会引发脂肪肝等代谢疾病,增加肉鸡死淘率;同时,消费者也不愿购买脂肪含量过高的肉制品,这些都给肉鸡养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。发酵棉粕营养价值高,其发酵微生物、发酵产物等可直接降低肉鸡脂肪沉积,也可通过影响肉鸡脂肪代谢相关基因来调控脂肪沉积,除此之外,改变肠道微生物菌落结构也是发酵棉粕调控脂肪代谢的一个可能原因。此外,植物提取物、益生菌等均能显著影响肉鸡脂肪代谢。文章简述了肉鸡脂肪代谢,并总结了发酵饲料尤其是发酵棉粕对肉鸡脂肪代谢的调控作用,以期为肉鸡健康养殖和饼粕资源的开发利用提供理论基础。     

Equine Melanocytic Tumors: A Retrospective Study of 53 Horses (1988 to 1991)

A study of 57 cutaneous melanocytic tumors from 53 horses revealed 4 distinct clinical syndromes: melanocytic nevus, dermal melanoma, dermal melanomatosis, and anaplastic malignant melanoma. Melanocytic nevus and anaplastic melanoma each had histopathologic features that distinguished them from dermal melanoma and dermal melanomatosis. Dermal melanoma and dermal melanomatosis were histologically similar but could be differentiated by their clinical features. Melanocytic nevi were diagnosed in 29 horses with an average age of 5 years; they were solitary, superficial masses that occurred in both grey and nongrey horses, and in which surgical excision was generally curative. Dermal melanomas were diagnosed in 20 horses with an average age of 13 years; all horses of known coat color were grey. Eight horses with an average age of 7 years had 1 or 2 discrete dermal melanomas. Follow-up information was available for 6 horses; metastases occurred in 2 horses, and surgical excision was apparently curative in 4 horses. Dermal melanomatosis was diagnosed in 12 grey horses with an average age of 17 years; all 6 of these horses evaluated had internal metastases. In 2 aged nongrey horses with anaplastic malignant melanoma, the tumors metastasized within 1 year of diagnosis. Two tumors with features of both melanocytic nevus and dermal melanoma remained unclassified.     

IGFBP-3基因在两个品种鸡组织中的表达及其与生长性状的相关性分析

为研究IGFBP-3基因表达与鸡生长性状的相关性,以生长速度差异较大的花山麻鸡和清远麻鸡两个黄羽肉鸡品种为研究素材,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测胚胎期和出雏后两个品种鸡胸肌和肝脏中IGFBP-3基因的表达规律,并将其与体重、胸肌重和肝脏重进行相关性分析。结果表明,在9胚龄时两个品种鸡胸肌和肝脏中均可检测到IGFBP-3基因表达,同一胚龄或日龄品种内组织间比较,胚胎期两个品种鸡胸肌IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量均高于肝脏,出雏后肝脏IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量迅速上升,胸肌IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量下降,两个品种鸡肝脏IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量均极显著高于胸肌（P<0.01）;组织中IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量与组织重量和体重相关研究表明,两个品种鸡肝脏IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量与其胸肌重、肝脏重和体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05;P<0.01）,胸肌IGFBP-3 mRNA表达量与其胸肌重、肝脏重和体重均呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。研究结果揭示,IGFBP-3 mRNA在鸡中的表达具有品种、年龄和组织特异性,出雏前肝脏并不是鸡产生IGFBP-3的主要器官,出雏后鸡IGFBP-3可能主要由肝脏合成,肝脏中IGFBP-3 mRNA水平差异是导致两个品种鸡出雏后体重和胸肌重差异的重要因素。     

商品代肉鸡J亚群禽白血病的病理及病毒分离鉴定

通过对山东某肉鸡养殖场发病的商品肉鸡组织病理学检查和将病料接种鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF) ,我们在国内首次从商品代肉鸡中分离到了 J亚群禽白血病病毒 (AL V- J)。从组织切片中可以看到肝脏、脾脏等器官的髓细胞瘤细胞 ,呈散在或成簇 ,髓细胞瘤细胞的细胞质内显现嗜酸性颗粒。用抗 AL V- J囊膜糖蛋白的单克隆抗体进行的 IFA中 ,病料接种 CEF后进行的 IFA呈现强阳性