检测猪细小病毒血清抗体乳胶凝集试验方法的建立及初步应用

将猪细小病毒在IBRS-2细胞上同步培养增殖,待出现细胞病变后,反复冻融,收获病毒液,用甲醛灭活。随后用经硫酸胺沉淀、透析后浓缩的细小病毒液进行方阵滴定,选择致敏乳胶的最佳条件,制成细小病毒乳胶凝集试验（LAT）抗原。抗原与细小病毒阳性血清反应出现肉眼可见的凝集颗粒,而与生理盐水、PBS、犊牛血清、猪瘟、衣原体、口蹄疫、伪狂犬病、弓形体及萎缩性鼻炎等阳性血清不出现凝集现象。用所建立的细小病毒乳胶凝集试验（LAT）与血凝抑制试验检测了203份猪血清,其中血凝抑制抗体阳性为161份,阴性为42份,阳性率为79.31％;乳胶凝集抗体阳性为150份,阴性为53份,阳性率为73.89％,两种方法阳性符合率为93.16％,经统计学检验P＞0.05,两者差异不显著。结果表明,乳胶凝集试验可以作为临床上大量血样进行血凝抑制试验前的初筛,具有简便、准确的优点,在检测细小病毒（PPV）抗体上具有较好的应用前景。     

乳胶凝集试验检测鸡传染性法氏囊病毒血清抗体的研究

以鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因工程抗原致敏乳胶微粒,用IBDV阳性血清进行方阵滴定,以最佳致敏系件制成乳胶抗源,建立乳胶凝集试验(LAT),用来检测血清中IBD抗体。对467份待测血清分别、同时作LAT和双向琼琼脂免疫扩散试验(DATA)。结果,LAT阳性419份,阴性48份;DAGT阳性425份,阴性42份.试验表明乳胶凝集试验操作简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性强,可用于现场检测,适合基层单位检测IBDV血清抗体。     

乳胶凝集试验检测牛、羊淋巴结中的沙门氏菌

用沙门氏菌多价血清致敏乳胶并制成乳胶抗体,建立沙门氏菌乳胶凝集试验检测方法（LAT）。用该方法和常规分离培养检测法检测38份牛淋巴结、101份羊淋巴结,结果乳胶凝集试验牛淋巴结阳性21份,羊淋巴结阳性44份;常规分离培养检测法牛淋巴结阳性22份,羊淋巴结阳性48份,两种方法的阳性符合率牛淋巴结为81.8%,羊淋巴结为81.3%。试验表明乳胶凝集试验操作简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性强且可用于现场检测,是一种适合基层单位用来检测沙门氏菌的可靠方法。     

乳胶凝集试验检测成品饲料中的沙门氏菌

用沙氏菌多价血清致敏乳胶并制成乳胶抗体,建立沙氏菌乳胶凝集试验检测方法。用所建立的乳胶凝集试验方法和常规分离培养检测法检测75份成品饲料,结果乳胶凝集试验成品饲料阳性16份,常规分离培养检测法成品饲料阳性18份,两种方法的阳性符合率成品饲料为83.3%,结果表明乳胶凝集试验具有操作简便、省时、特异性强且可用于现场检测等优点,是一种适合基层单位用来检测沙门氏菌的可靠方法。     

ELISA检测鸡新城疫病毒特异性IgM抗体的研究

以新城疫病毒单克隆抗体包被板,用10％小牛血清-PBS封闭后,捕获尿囊液中的新城疫病毒作固相抗原.在此板上应用酶标抗鸡IgM单克隆抗体进行间接ELISA试验检侧鸡血清中新城疫病毒的特异性IgM抗体.试验证明该方法特异性强、敏惑性高.兔抗新城疫病毒阳性血清可特异性阻断反应,将新城疫病IgM阳性血清用2-ME处理可使ELISA反应呈阴性,与禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌鸡IgM阳性血清、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒IgM阳性血清无交叉反应.该试验可检测到La Sota免疫后3天鸡血清中的特异性IgM,对鸡新城疫病毒IgM阳性血清的检测效价可达1:320以上,并可检测到临床新城疫病鸡血清中的特异性IgM抗体.     

乳胶凝集试验与血清中和试验检测猪伪狂犬病血清抗体的 …

应用血清中和试验（ＳＮＴ）和伪狂犬病乳胶凝集试验（ＬＡＴ）诊断试剂盒对两种伪狂犬病是性血清、伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）高兔血甭及６０份被检猪血清进行了ＰＲＶ抗体效价测定和相关性分析,两种方法测得的抗体效价之间呈强相关性（ｒ＝０．９６）,且ＬＡＴ效价比ＳＮＴ一般高出一个滴度;能干为自３５个猪场的４１４份猪血清进行了ＰＲＶ抗体检测,并与ＳＮＴ检测结果进行了对比,结果在ＳＮＴ检测为阳笥的１７１份血清中,ＬＡ     

禽流感抗体斑点—ELISA诊断技术的研究

以混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜为固相载体,用自制的禽流感全病毒抗原和酶标抗体,建立了禽流感抗体斑点 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测法,其抗原最适包被量为 ０．０６μｇ／点;血清抗体最佳稀释度为 １１００;酶标抗体作 １２００ 稀释;出现明显清晰的斑点者判为禽流感抗体阳性。该方法对 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡血清及新城疫、传染性法氏囊病等其它 １１ 种鸡疫病阳性血清均为阴性,对不同亚型特异性的禽流感病毒（ Ａ Ｉ Ｖ）分型血清、琼扩（ Ａ Ｇ Ｐ）阳性血清及血凝抑制（ Ｈ Ｉ）阳性而 Ａ Ｇ Ｐ疑似的血清样品均呈阳性;对人工接种 Ａ Ｉ Ｖ 的 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡第 ３ 天即能检出抗体阳性,第 ５～１１７ 天可全部检出。与间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 法比较,不仅其特异性、敏感性、重复性相一致,而且结果可用肉眼判定,更适合现地禽流感抗体监测及流行病学调查。     

邵武市鸭群新城疫病毒感染现状分析

为了掌握邵武市鸭新城疫病毒感染情况,2016年秋季采用鸡新城疫病毒抗原对该市19个乡镇、街道办事处随机抽样采集的散养鸭和规模鸭场血清样品,进行鸭新城疫病毒非免疫抗体检测,共检测血清样品177份,其中新城疫病毒抗体阳性的鸭血清样品93份,阳性率高达52.54%。部分散户鸭新城疫病毒抗体阳性率高达100%,散户鸭新城疫病毒平均抗体阳性率为60%,规模鸭场平均抗体阳性率为45%,这可能与鸡鸭混养的养殖模式有关。从检测结果还发现,非免疫新城疫病毒抗体的阳性率与鸭的品种有关,易感性依次为番鸭麻鸭北京鸭。总体显示鸭新城疫病毒的感染情况虽然高,但只感染不发病,结果对水禽新城疫的防控有一定的指导意义。     

雏番鸭细小病毒病诊断技术和试剂的研究

根据番鸭细小病毒单克隆抗体（ＭＰＶ－ＭｃＡｂ）致敏的胶乳可与ＭＰＶ产生特异性凝集反应，而这种特异性凝集反应可被ＭＰＶ抗体所抑制的原理，建立了胶乳凝集试验（ＬＰＡ）和胶乳凝集抑制试验（ＬＰＡＩ）。致敏抗体蛋白浓度为０．５ｇ／Ｌ时，ＬＰＡ可检测出ＭＰＶ最小蛋白量为２μｇ／Ｌ。对ＬＰＡ与ＦＡ、ＬＰＡＩ与ＡＧＰ作了比较，结果：ＬＰＡ阳性率９０．５％，ＦＡ阳性率９２．４％，两者的符合率９２．４％；鸭血清ＬＰＡＩ抗体效价在Ｌｏｇ２５以下时，ＡＧＰ试验均阴性，前者比后者敏感性高３２～６４倍。ＬＰＡＩ抗体效价与保护力相关性试验结果表明，当鸭血清中ＬＰＡＩ抗体效价在Ｌｏｇ２１以上时，雏番鸭均能耐受强毒的攻击，两者呈正相关。致敏胶乳和抗原保存时间在４～８℃时，分别为５个月和６个月；在２２～２８℃时，分别为７ｄ和１５ｄ。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒弱毒株的选育

从南京地区分离的肾病变型传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）经ＳＰＦ鸡胚连续传代至６５代时,对雏鸡无致病性,命名为ＩＢＶ－ＡＴ６５,感染鸡胚的ＥＩＫ５０为１０＾－７．６６/０．２mＬ,鸡胚于接种后５１h开始死亡,存活鸡胚表现为发育受阻、卷缩,肾脏有尿酸盐沉积,其尿囊液对１％鸡红细胞凝集反应为阴性。用ＡＴ６５原液０．２mＬ分别于气 管内接种１０日龄ＡＡ鸡（攻毒前经血凝抑制试验检测ＩＢＶ抗体为阴性）,以及攻毒后将     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.     

优质肉鸡S3系体重与体尺性状指标的主成分分析

为研究地方优质肉鸡S3系体重和体尺性状之间的内在相关性,12周龄时选取同一饲养条件下的150只鸡(公母各半)进行体重和体尺性状等7个指标的测定。结果表明:S3系公鸡的体重、体斜长、龙骨长、胸角均显著高于母鸡(P0.05);公母鸡体重、体斜长、胸宽、胫围这4项指标变异系数较大,有较大选育空间;体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胸角、胫围呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.57、0.52、0.51、0.49和0.47,与胸深、胫长呈显著相关(P0.05),相关系数分别为0.44和0.39;其他各体尺指标间也存在不同程度的正负相关性(P0.05或P0.01);体重和7个体尺性能指标综合成5个复合指标,累计贡献率达92.6355%,其中第l、2、3、4、5主成分分别解释总变异的36.5353%、22.8642%、13.3115%、10.4535%和8.4710%;各主成分的特征根分布较广,经统计计算入选的5个主成分所包含信息的侧重点各有相同,分别都在一定程度上反映了S3鸡的体型特征和生长发育规律,为今后选育出更加符合市场需求的屠宰加工优质型肉鸡指明了的方向。     

Efficacy of tropicamide,homatropine, cyclopentolate,atropine and hyoscine as mydriatics in Angora goats

Abstract

AIM: To document the efficacy of five commercially available mydriatics for their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic use in Angora goats.

METHODS: Over 8 weeks, the mydriatic effects of 1% tropicamide, 2% homatropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine were evaluated. Given as block treatments, drugs were applied randomly to one eye of 10 Angora goats, and the contralateral eye served as a control. Vertical and horizontal pupil diameters were measured to document onset ofeffect, time to reach a difference of 5 mm in the vertical/horizontal pupil diameter between eyes, time to maximum pupillary dilation, and duration of mydriatic action.

RESULTS: Onset of mydriasis for all drugs occurred within 15 minutes. Time to reach a difference of 5 mm in the vertical pupil diameter between eyes was shortest for 1% tropicamide and 0.25% hyoscine (0.5 h), then 2% homatropine and 1% atropine (0.75 h), and longest for 1% cyclopentolate (1.5 h). The maximum vertical pupillary dilation occurred earliest with 1% tropicamide and 1% atropine (2 h), followed by 0.25% hyoscine (3 h), 2% homatropine (4 h), and latest with 1% cyclopentolate (8 h). The duration of vertical dilation of the pupil was shortest with 1% tropicamide (6 h), then 2% homatropine (12 h), 1% cyclopentolate (12 h), 1% atropine (24 h), and longest for 0.25% hyoscine (96 h).

The time to reach maximum horizontal dilation of the pupil in treated eyes was shortest with 1% cyclopentolate (1 h), followed by 1% tropicamide (1.5 h), 0.25% hyoscine (3 h), 2% homatropine (3.5 h), and 1% atropine (4 h). The duration of horizontal pupil dilation was shortest with 1% tropicamide (4.5 h), and longest with 0.25% hyoscine (48 h).

CONCLUSION: All five mydriatics induced clinical dilation. Tropicamide (1%) had the shortest duration of effect, but gave incomplete dilation. Good dilation was achieved with 1% cyclopentolate and 2% homatropine, but took too long to reach maximum dilation for routine mydriasis. The largest vertical dilation of the pupil was achieved with 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine, but pupils remained dilated for more than 24 h.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For routine mydriasis in goats, it is recommended that 1% tropicamide be used, though there may be incomplete dilation. For a longer duration of mydriasis, such as in the treatment of anterior uveitis, 1% atropine or 0.25% hyoscine would be the drugs of choice.