Surgery for abnormal vulvar and perineal conformation in the mare

Reproductive failure in mares can present a challenge to the attending veterinarian. Although many causes of failure to conceive or to carry to term may be easy to diagnose and treat effectively, others may be difficult. In some cases, more than one problem will be present, and both medical therapy and surgical intervention will be required to achieve a successful outcome. Pneumovagina and its sequelae remain a common cause of reproductive failure in mares. Depending on the case involved, different surgical techniques may be required to correct the problem.     

秋制越年种超限冷藏的孵化试验

秋制越年种丙1胚子起超限冷藏,可缓解夏秋蚕供种不足的矛盾,现行品种超限冷藏符合生产要求,试验结果显示:复式冷藏种丙1,胚子可安全冷藏80天,三次冷藏种丙1胚子可安全冷藏70天。     

Handling behavior problems in the practice setting

The veterinary clinic plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of behavior problems. If behavior problems do begin to emerge, the veterinary clinic can help determine who can advise and guide the owners most practically to improve or resolve the problem. This help might involve the veterinarian, a behavioral technician, a trained staff member, an appropriate trainer, or some combination of these persons. This article reviews how these professional roles might be integrated, depending on the complexity of the problem.     

Anthelmintic resistance and the future for roundworm control

Anthelmintic resistance has emerged as the most important problem confronting the successful control of nematode parasites of grazing animals. Although the significance of the problem varies between, and within, countries and farming enterprises, there is little likelihood that it will disappear of its own accord. On the contrary, it is reasonable to assume that it will increase if there is no change in traditional methods of parasite control. Although progress is being made in non-chemotherapeutic methods of control, these are unlikely to provide any practical alternatives in the short-term future. Nor can the pharmaceutical industry be expected to solve the problem because of the long period and the exceedingly high costs involved in bringing a completely new class of drug on to the market. The answer must lie in carefully husbanding the currently available anthelmintics, by providing farmers with programs which give good levels of parasite control and maintain high productivity in animals with fewer anthelmintic treatments. To be enthusiastically adopted by farmers, the programs require a commitment by both research and advisory workers. Such success can be achieved, as exemplified by the "Drenchplan" and "Wormkill" programs in Australia. It behoves workers in all countries which have a significant grazing livestock industry, not only those with an existing resistance problem, to consider how such schemes could be implemented.     

母猪补血的必要性

母猪贫血会造成产弱仔、新生仔猪活力不足等问题,也会使母猪产程延长、导致发情异常等系列生产问题,但该问题尚未引起行业内的重视。尽管铁是动物机体必不可少的微量元素之一,但补铁不一定能解决母猪贫血问题。文章概述了母猪贫血的原因、后果和解决措施,希望为行业提供解决母猪贫血问题的新思路。     

Cardiac emergencies and problems of the critical care patient.

Cardiac disease and dysfunction can occur as a primary disorder(ie, with pathology situated in one or more of the cardiac structures) or can be classified as a secondary problem when it occurs in patients with another primary problem that has affected the heart either directly or indirectly. Primary cardiac problems are encountered in horses presented to emergency clinics; however,this occurs much less frequently in equine critical patients than cardiac problems arising secondary to other conditions. Nevertheless,if primary or secondary cardiac problems are not identified and addressed, they certainly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of critical care patients.     

我国草坪杂草防除研究进展

根据国内文献报道 ,介绍了国内草坪杂草种类调查以及杂草防除的研究进展。草坪杂草防除的难点是禾本科杂草。用啶嘧黄隆等除草剂可有效地防除禾本科杂草。 2 ,4—D丁酯乳油等多种选择性除草剂可以防除阔叶杂草。草坪杂草的生物防治方面也有很大的进展 ,可以用盾负泥虫等天敌控制杂草的危害。并且已经提出了草坪杂草综合防治的概念     

Adverse drug reactions in the horse

Adverse drug reactions occasionally occur in the horse. The majority can be anticipated and avoided. The practicing veterinarian should understand the various types of adverse reactions as well as their mechanisms so that should such a reaction occur, the practitioner can promptly recognize the problem and institute corrective measures.     

Cell viability in cryopreserved heart valves

The clinical life of heart valve grafts appears to be limited primarily by the lack of a cell population which can maintain the connective tissue of the cusps, or leaflets, in good condition. Whether this problem can be overcome in allografts by ensuring that the original donor cell population is kept alive during the disinfection and storage of valves intended for grafting has long been a controversial issue.     

Controlling bush encroachment with fire in the savanna areas of South Africa

The savanna areas of South Africa can be divided into the moist and arid savanna types according to the availability of soil moisture. Bush encroachment is a serious veld management problem in all the savanna areas and veld burning is a potential eradication technique in situations with an adequate grass cover to support an intense fire. In the moist savannas fire per se can be used to control bush encroachment but in the arid savannas it has the role of maintaining trees and shrubs at an available height and in acceptable state for browsing animals. Intense head fires applied at the end of the dormant season are used for bush eradication. The frequency of burning is relatively high in the moist savannas but is very low in the arid savannas, being usually limited to years with above average rainfall when adequate grass fuel loads can be accumulated. Veld burning provides an attractive economic and energy saving technique of solving the problem of bush encroachment in the savanna areas of South Africa.     

Response to immunotherapy in six related horses with urticaria secondary to atopy

Urticaria secondary to atopy may be a familial problem in some horses. Immunotherapy using a vaccine containing antigens selected on the basis of history and results of intradermal testing can be an effective method of managing atopy in horses; a response to therapy may be seen within 2 months.     

The problem mare part 2: treatment

In this article different possible treatments for problem mares are discussed. The therapeutic possibilities vary and can be classified into anatomical correction, anti-infectious therapy, and treatment to enhance the uterine defence mechanisms. Anatomical correction and treatment with antibiotics are valuable therapies and have been used for many years. In recent years, stimulation of the mechanical defence mechanism of the uterus, by flushing it with physiological solution combined with parenteral oxytocin, has been shown to increase the chance of getting problem mares in foal.     

Clinical management of the subfertile stud dog.

Many subfertile stud dogs can sire pups with appropriate management. Determination of the area of the problem (libido, ability to breed, semen quality) is the first step. Each of these areas can often be improved or managed. A complete history, physical examination, and semen evaluation should be performed on every patient. In specific cases, additional diagnostics may be helpful, including a CBC, biochemistry profile, urinalysis, semen cultures, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Management of breeding, including ovulation timing and intrauterine insemination, can be vital in dogs with low spermatozoal numbers or motility. Treatment of underlying prostatic disease can dramatically improve semen quality and fertility.     

Feedlot management practices and bovine respiratory disease

Bovine respiratory disease is the most commonly recognized problem in feedlot cattle. This article discusses management techniques that can be used to reduce the occurrence of disease and hold it to a manageable level.     

Anthelmintics and drug resistance

Equine anthelmintics and the resistance of nematode parasites to anthelmintics are reviewed. Recommendations are made for effective treatment of these parasites and for procedures that can be performed to minimize the problem in the future.     

Surgical management of radial physeal growth disturbance in dogs.

Premature closure of the distal radial physis can result in severe developmental deformities of the involved forelimb. Recognition of the problem early in its course is necessary to minimize valgus deformity and secondary osteoarthritis of the elbow and carpus. By forcing the radius to elongate, following radial osteotomy and use of a Stader apparatus, these deformities can be minimized.     

Forecasting habitat suitability for ticks and prevention of tick-borne diseases

Climate and vegetation are the major factors affecting the distribution of ticks. Consequently, spatial distributions can be analysed by statistical methods that look for correlations between abiotic factors and known data about tick presence/absence. Remote sensing features can be obtained from a wide database of sensors with different characteristics, then applied to the problem of mapping prediction of tick distribution. Some studies had demonstrated that the use of these abiotic variables from satellite imagery has biological significance, therefore statistical accuracy of these distribution models can be interpreted under an ecological framework. Furthermore, models can be linked to these predictive maps, enabling the forecast of spatial and temporal dynamics of ticks, looking for seasonal patterns of activity and accurate use of acaricide treatments.     

Osteochondritis dissecans in the tibio-tarsal joint. Results by surgical treatment

Osteochondrosis is a rapidly growing problem in the horse population and reports are frequent. Osteochondritis dissecans can in most cases be treated surgically, but reports on results are lacking. This paper reports the results of surgery of the tibiotarsal joint in 43 cases.     

禽的骨骼畸形

骨骼畸形造成严重的经济损失令养禽业者非常头疼.在减少骨骼畸形的发病率方面已有不少研究,本文将禽的骨骼畸形分为非传染性和传染性进行综述.这些畸形若能得到正确及时处理均可控制,这将减少养禽业的经济损失,提高生产效益.