麋鹿肝脏组织学观察

应用常规石蜡切片,HE染色,对麋鹿的肝脏进行了组织学观察.结果表明,肝脏被膜的结缔组织深入肝内,形成非常不发达的小叶间结缔组织,将肝脏分成多个不明显的小叶.中央静脉位于小叶中央,肝细胞排列成单板状,以中央静脉为中心向周围呈放射状排列.肝细胞板之间的间隙为形状不规则的肝血窦,窦壁由一层内皮细胞构成,窦内可见枯否氏细胞分布,汇管区位于多个小叶的角缘结缔组织中,小叶间动脉,小叶间静脉,小叶间胆管结构较为明显.     

鸵鸟肝脏的形态学观察

应用解剖学和组织学方法对鸵鸟肝脏形态结构进行了系统观察。结果表明,鸵鸟肝脏外包被膜,其结缔组织伸入肝内,形成不发达的小叶间结缔组织,将肝分成许多大小不同的肝小叶,中央静脉位于其纵轴中央,肝细胞排列成管状,以中央静脉为中心向周围呈辐射状排列,但不整齐。肝细胞管的中央有一小管即胆小管,其管壁亦由肝细胞膜构成。肝细胞管之间的间隙为肝血窦,窦壁由一层内皮细胞构成,窦内可见枯否氏细胞。     

关于蓝孔雀主要消化腺的组织学观察

蓝孔雀主要消化腺肝，胰的组织结构清晰，肝被膜为一层浆膜，间皮下为较薄的纤维膜，小叶间结缔组织不发达，所以肝小叶的分界不明显，肝细胞在肝小叶内的分布以中央静脉为中心，其周边少数的肝细胞以放射状排列，其余多数的肝细胞则由几个肝细胞构成不规则的肝管而放射状排列，门管区明显，胰明显分为被膜，外分泌部和内分泌部，被膜由一层薄的疏松结缔组织构成。     

双峰驼肺组织的结构特征

通过光镜和电镜技术对我国甘肃和内蒙古４８例双峰驼肺脏组织结构的研究表明,双峰驼肺胸膜极厚,其中富含大量胶原纤维和弹性纤维,在肺脏各叶的边缘和腹面,其胸膜下常有较多脂肪组织聚集。腹面肺胸膜下的脂肪中还有淋巴结分布。肺小叶明显,小叶间结缔组织丰富,支气管、细支气管管壁较厚,粘膜层常呈许多明显的皱襞。肺呼吸部的组织学特点是,肺泡管数目多,每支呼吸性细支气管分出６￣１０个或更多的肺泡管。肺泡管宽大,但肺泡     

驯鹿主要消化腺组织学研究

对驯鹿的肝脏和胰脏进行了组织学研究。驯鹿肝的结构较清晰，明显地分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、汇管区等结构。被膜为浆膜结构，肝小叶间结缔组织不发达，故肝小叶不大明显。肝细胞以中央静脉为中心，呈放射状排列。肝血窦和形态也不规则。胰腺表面被以少量结缔组织的被膜；实质结构也分为外分泌部和内分泌部；小叶间结缔组织不发达。     

四氯化碳诱导家兔肝纤维化模型的建立

采用腹腔注射四氯化碳诱导家兔肝发生纤维化的方法 ,建立家兔肝纤维化动物模型。结果表明 ,以 3 0 ,60 ,90 d观察 ,家兔肝纤维化程度随造模时间的延长而增加。与空白对照组比较 ,3 0 d见汇管区纤维增多 ,少量炎症细胞浸润 ,肝细胞水样变性。 60 d肝小叶中央静脉周围肝细胞肿胀 ,汇管区范围增大 ,成纤维细胞增生 ,小叶周围肝细胞形态基本正常。 90 d超声显示肝脏回声增强、光点增粗 ,血流阻力相对增加(P <0 .0 5) ;组织学显示汇管区内成纤维细胞大量增生 ,中央静脉周围纤维化 ,可见胶原纤维束向小叶内延伸。提示长期给予四氯化碳可诱导家兔肝纤维化形成 ,其病理变化具有阶段性。90 d肝纤维化形成稳定 ,与人的肝纤维化接近     

屠宰猪肝脏病变的特征

屠宰猪肝脏检验、处理是动物卫生检验工作中的重要环节。猪肝脏上的病变多而且比较复杂。现对猪肝脏的常见病变做初步归纳。1 间质性肝炎肉眼观察肝脏表面有局灶性或片状增厚的白色斑纹，触之坚硬，有的呈云雾状。切面小叶间结缔组织增生变宽，但肝脏外形无变化。早期镜检可见包膜下局部及邻近小叶间质结缔组织增生，有大量嗜酸性白细胞和少量单核细胞，并且淋巴细胞浸润；后期浸润的嗜酸性白细胞数量减少，淋巴细胞增多，结缔组织中粗大的胶原纤维明显。病变严重时，病灶边缘的肝细胞萎缩变窄。     

甘加藏羊肝脏细胞组织形态结构观察

以甘加藏羊为研究对象,应用常规组织解剖学方法,制备石蜡切片,对甘加藏羊肝脏细胞组织结构与特征进行观察,为分析反刍动物肝脏生理机能提供形态学参考。结果表明:甘加藏羊肝脏分为四叶,表面覆以致密结缔组织被膜,结缔组织将肝实质分隔成若干个肝小叶。甘加藏羊肝脏小叶间结缔组织不发达,分界不明显。肝细胞呈多角形,其排列组成的肝细胞索(肝板)围绕中央静脉向周围呈放射性排列。在肝血窦中可见枯否氏细胞,门管区发达,其中小叶间静脉、动脉和胆管结构清晰可辨。     

驯鹿主要消化腺组织学研究

对驯鹿的肝脏和胰脏进行了组织学研究.驯鹿肝的结构较清晰,明显地分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、汇管区等结构.被膜为浆膜结构,肝小叶间结缔组织不发达,故肝小叶不大明显.肝细胞以中央静脉为中心,呈放射状排列.肝血窦的形状也不规则.胰腺表面被以少量结缔组织的被膜;实质结构也分为外分泌部和内分泌部;小叶间结缔组织不发达.     

非洲白犀牛肝脏组织学观察

为了探明非洲白犀牛的肝脏组织学结构,试验取非洲白犀牛肝脏组织,采用石蜡包埋,4μm厚度切片,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色,光学显微镜观察,显微摄影的方法进行研究。结果表明:非洲白犀牛肝脏表面是富含结缔组织的被膜,结缔组织伸入肝实质中将肝脏分成若干个肝小叶,犀牛的小叶间结缔组织不发达,肝小叶分界不明显。肝细胞呈多边形,界限清晰,体积大,以肝小叶的中央静脉为中心肝细胞向四周呈放射性排列,排列规则呈索状。在肝血窦中可见红细胞及枯否细胞,门管区发达,小叶间静脉、动脉和胆管结构明显。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.