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1.
家禽业的副产品如孵化副产品粉(HBPM)、小公鸡粉(MCM)、屠宰副产品粉(POM)和羽毛粉(FRM),可部分或全部地代替鱼粉作为家禽蛋白质饲料。孵化副产品粉(HBPM) 1983年全印度需要蛋用母雏720。万只,肉用雏鸡7000万只。入孵蛋孵化率  相似文献   

2.
大蒜素是从大蒜中提取的具有挥发性质的生物活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、预防心脑血管疾病、抗微生物、抗溃疡、提高机体免疫力的功效,是一种绿色植物性源广谱抗生素。在蛋用家禽饲料中添加大蒜素,可提高蛋禽的采食量和生产性能,改善蛋的品质,对种蛋受精率和孵化率无显著影响。本文就大蒜素对蛋用家禽的生产性能和种蛋孵化方面的影响进行了综述。  相似文献   

3.
任何一个家禽育种者的目标都是要生产出尽可能多的可孵化蛋,以便从其种群中获得最多的健康肉仔鸡或小母鸡。这听起来很简单,但怎样做才能真正实现这一目标呢?除了拥有生产性能高的种公、母禽和一流的家禽管理水平外,还有许多其他因素和变数会影响到孵化蛋以及雏鸡生产的成功与否。  相似文献   

4.
在国外,出于专门化商品生产的需要,生产肉鸡的,只注重选育生长快、肉质好的肉用型鸡;生产蛋的,只注重选育产蛋多而大的蛋用型鸡,不注意鸡肉质量,因此产蛋母鸡淘汰后作肉用不受欢迎。同时蛋用品种的小公鸡由于肉用性能差,往往在一日龄时就淘汰,如1973年苏联仅在家禽工业局所属的鸡场,就淘汰一日龄小公鸡一亿七千八百万只,造成很大浪费。近些年来,国外很注意发展蛋肉兼用型杂交鸡。目前,这种鸡在有些国家的商品鸡场中  相似文献   

5.
在家禽生产中,孵化时蛋用禽希望雌性雏较多,而肉用禽却希望雄性雏较多。并且在蛋用禽中,雄性雏的处理也需要花费很大的资金。因此在孵化时,如果可以尽早鉴别出胚蛋的性别,不仅可以节约孵化时的花费,还可以节约废雏的处理费用。本文主要介绍了几种家禽早期胚胎性别鉴定的方法,以为国内此方面的研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

6.
在家禽生产中,孵化时蛋用禽希望雌性雏较多,而肉用禽却希望雄性雏较多,且在蛋用禽中,雄性雏的处理也需要花费很大的资金。因此在孵化时,如果可以尽早的鉴别出胚蛋的性别,不仅可以节约孵化时的花费,更可以节约废雏的处理费用。作者主要介绍了几种家禽早期胚胎性别鉴定的方法,以期为国内此方面的研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

7.
蛋壳质量是影响家禽养殖业的一个重要因素,异常蛋或破损蛋一方面影响孵化,另一方面也不利于商品销售,影响家禽经济效益.螺纹蛋是鸭养殖中一个由来已久的问题,即在鸭蛋表面能看到深浅不一的斜向螺纹(又称罗纹).赵守宁等[1]调查发现白洋淀地区种鸭螺纹蛋发生率高达11.67%.对蛋壳进行剥离显现,螺纹主要是由蛋壳外膜蛋白分布不均造成.由于担心螺纹蛋影响孵化,螺纹蛋一直归入异常蛋不能作种用,导致经济价值大大降低.  相似文献   

8.
<正>畸形蛋,是指家禽产出的不正常蛋,可分为外观异常蛋和蛋内异常蛋,包括软壳蛋、砂壳蛋、粉皮蛋、薄壳蛋、裂纹蛋、异形蛋等。一般来说,以软壳蛋、双黄蛋、血斑蛋较为多见。在生产中,畸形蛋的出现,对收集、存放、运输、销售以及孵化和食用等都会带来一定的影响,给家禽生产造成一定的经济损失。本文现就畸形蛋的种类、产生原因以及针对不同原因摸索出的诀窍介绍给同行们。  相似文献   

9.
死胚蛋制剂是以家禽孵化厂的副产品死胚蛋为主要原料(其中包括中期死蛋和毛蛋)生产出来的高营养保健型添加剂。目前,胚胎营养液在人类食品饮料中得到了应用,是一种保健型营养补剂。但是在家禽饲养业上的饲喂效果,经国内外专利及非专利文献检索至今仍未见报道。本研究目的在于探讨死胚蛋制剂作为饲料的一部分对蛋用公雏鸡的成活  相似文献   

10.
<正>蛋壳在孵化中发挥着一个重要作用,而孵化是影响家禽生产效益的最重要因素之一。蛋壳厚度有多种不同的测量方法。最常见的测量方法是用厚度测量仪测定含或不含壳膜的蛋壳厚度,但此方法并不足以反应蛋壳厚度对孵化率的影响。因此,研究人员通过和蛋壳厚度紧密相关的蛋比重评价了蛋壳厚度,或用蛋重的对数来估算蛋壳厚度。然而,所有这些方法都是间接地对蛋壳厚度进行评估。  相似文献   

11.
12.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。  相似文献   

13.
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。  相似文献   

14.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.  相似文献   

15.
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.  相似文献   

16.
用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10~0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。  相似文献   

17.
Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.  相似文献   

18.
为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …  相似文献   

19.
以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。  相似文献   

20.
乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和 Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。  相似文献   

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