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1.
喹乙醇在鸡体内的毒物动力学及其生化毒性和病理学研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文对13只健康AA鸡单次内服喹乙醇中毒剂量(120mg/kg)作了毒物动力学分析。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯混合溶剂提取血浆中的喹乙醇,反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)测定浓度。喹乙醇内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型。毒物动力学主要参数为:t1/2Ka0.63±0.26h,t1/2α1.12±0.34h,t1/2β7.26±3.02h,Ke0.59±0.15h-1,Tmax1.19±0.31h,Cmax71.40±12.81μg/ml,AUC258.12±36.11mg/L.h。本试验表明,内服中毒剂量的喹乙醇在AA鸡体内的吸收、分布均很迅速,但消除缓慢;给药后24h,血药浓度均高于0.2μg/ml  相似文献   

2.
恩诺沙星及其活性代谢物在鸡体内的药物动力学   总被引:29,自引:4,他引:25  
为全面了解恩诺沙星在鸡体内的动力学过程与药效的关系进行了本研究。用反向高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中的药物质量浓度,所得恩诺沙星ci-ti数据用MCPKP计算机程序处理,代谢物环丙沙星的ci-ti数据用代谢物动力学方法处理。静注恩诺沙星后的ci-ti数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数:t1/2α(0.25±0.04)h,t1/2β(5.26±0.81)h,Vd(4.53±1.07)L/kg,CLB(0.61±0.11)L/(kg·h),AUC(17.39±3.92)mg/(L·h)。内服恩诺沙星的ci-ti数据,符合有吸收因素二室模型,主要动力学参数t1/2ka(0.44±0.11)h,t1/2α(1.15±0.38)h,t1/2β(9.14±1.45)h,AUC(12.48±2.36)mg/(L·h),tmax(1.77±0.21)h,Cmax(1.44±0.31)mg/L,F72.18%。试验结果表明,鸡静注与内服恩诺沙星后,代谢物环丙沙星的生成及消除缓慢、分布广泛,是影响恩诺沙星疗效的重要因素。  相似文献   

3.
氯羟吡啶在鸡组织中的残留研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文报道用高效液相色谱法检测肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织中氯羟吡啶的残留。肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织经乙腈提取,用氧化铝柱和葡聚糖凝胶阴离子交换柱净化分离,洗脱液浓缩后用含内标物的甲醇溶解。以磷酸盐缓冲液/乙腈(85/15,v/v)作为流动相,苯甲酰胺作为内标物,用RP-18柱(220×4.6mm)在紫外波长270nm处检测。将氯羟吡啶以0.05、0.10和0.50μg/g分别添加到空白肌肉组织中,测得肌肉组织回收率为88.0%、90.4%和91.6%;以0.10和0.50μg/g水平添加到肝脏组织中,肝脏组织回收率为85.4%和90.2%,变异系数均低于10%。用该方法测定肌肉和肝脏组织中氯羟吡啶残留的最低检测限分别为0.025mg/kg和0.05mg/kg。经125mg/kg氯羟吡啶混料饲喂AA肉鸡,停药当天(0d)测得肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织残留量为2.85mg/kg和7.06mg/kg。停药7d时测得肌肉和停药10d时测得肝脏组织残留量分别低于0.025mg/kg和0.05mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
烟酸诺氟沙星在猪,鸡体内的组织残留研究   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
本文报道了烟酸诺氟沙星在猪、鸡体内的组织残留研究结果,猪、鸡均按10mg/g剂量给药,采用HPLC法测定肝、肾、肌肉中诺氟沙星浓度。猪肌注给药后72小时,肾。肌肉中药物浓度已低于仪器最低检测限(0.05μg/g),肝中仍能检出少量药物,浓度为0.305±0.169μg/g;鸡口服给药后48小时,肝、肾、肌肉中药物浓度均已低于最低检测限。根据本试验结果,建议猪、鸡使用烟酸诺氟沙星后休药期为6天和2天。  相似文献   

5.
克伦特罗在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19  
6头体重47.00±4.57kg(X±S)的健康长白和大白杂交猪,拉丁方设计试验,按4mg/kg静注、肌注和内服克伦特罗,高效液相色谱法检测血浆中药物浓度,MCPKP药代动力学程序处理药时数据。静注给药的药代动力学参数是:t1/2α0.62±0.12h,t1/2β4.87±1.56h,Vd(area)4.48±0.56l/kg,ClB0.63±0.11l/kg/h,AUC6.39±1.27μg/ml.h。肌注给药的药动学参数是:t1/2Ka0.22±0.10h,t1/2α0.56±0.21h,t1/2β4.25±1.10h,tmax0.60±0.13h,Cmax1.27±0.35μg/ml,AUC5.48±1.29μg/ml.h,F85.40±4.69%。内服给药的药动学参数是:t1/2Ka0.28±0.15h,t1/2Ke3.15±0.36h,tmax1.46±0.19h,Cmax0.65±0.13μg/ml,AUC3.93±0.99mg/l.h,F61.02±10.90%。肌注给药的生物利用度与内服比较,差异极显著(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

6.
洛克沙胂对生长猪生长性能的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本试验研究日粮中添加不同剂量的洛克沙胂(40mg/kg、50mg/kg)、喹乙醇(50mg/kg)和洛克沙胂(50mg/kg)+喹乙醇(50mg/kg)对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,不同剂量洛克沙胂组、喹乙醇组及洛克沙胂+喹乙醇组的日增重明显优于对照组(P<0.05);40mg/kg与50mg/kg洛克沙胂和50mg/kg喹乙醇+50mg/kg洛克沙胂三组的料肉比也显著的低于对照组(P<0.05);从经济效益上分析,生长猪日粮中添加40mg/kg洛克沙胂的经济效益较好。  相似文献   

7.
实用饲粮补锌对肉鸡组织锌、免疫器官及生产性能的影响   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
采用实用饲粮(玉米-多饼型,含锌30mg/kg),对狄高肉鸡(4~6周龄)分别补加锌40和80mg/kg,研究微量元素Zn对试鸡组织锌含量、免疫器官生长发育及生产性能的影响。结果表明饲粮缺锌(含Zn30mg/kg)不影响鸡体重、饲料转化率和心、肝、肾、胰、肌胃、脑千克活体重(P>0.05),但缺锌影响脾、胸腺、法氏囊、盲肠扁桃体、免疫器官及腺胃、小肠厚度、甲状腺生长发育(P<0.05或P<0.01);饲粮补锌(40、80mg/kg)能改善免疫器官机能,增加胫骨、跗骨、趾骨、肝、胰、肾、心组织锌含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);骨、肝、胰组织对饲粮锌缺乏较敏感,趾骨锌含量是标识鸡锌营养状况的灵敏指标。  相似文献   

8.
鸡静注,肌注及内服氟哌酸的药物动力学研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
选用42只健康AA鸡,分3组(每组14只)进行药物动力学研究:静注、肌注及内服的剂量均为10mg/kg。用二氯甲烷提取血浆中的药物,反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆氟哌酸的浓度,测定时以吡哌酸为内标。所得药物一时间数据用MCPKP计算机程序处理,静注给药拟合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数是:t1/2α0.14±0.08h,t1/2β3.65±1.03h,Ke0.88±0.40h-1,Vd3.81±0.98L/kg,AUC14.14±3.29μg/ml.h。内服和肌注给药均适合具有一级吸收二室开放模型,肌注的主要动力学参数是:t1/2ka0.22±0.10h,t1/2α1.03±0.65h,t1/2β6.87±2.86h,Ke0.28±0.10h-1,AUC9.86±2.88μg/ml.h,F69.78%。内服的主要动力学参数是:t1/2ka0.69±0.23h,t1/2α1.76±0.89h,t1/2β10.43±3.22h,Ke0.21±0.05h-1,AUC8.56±1.36μg/ml.h,F60.52%。鸡静注、肌注、内服氟哌酸的药动学特征是吸收较快,在体内分布广泛、半衰期较长。  相似文献   

9.
高效液相色谱法证实鸡喹乙醇中毒   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以266nm及382nm波长处喹乙醇的色谱峰高比为一定值,且不随浓度变化而改变作为喹乙醇的定性依据,测定了死亡鸡肝和肾组织中喹乙醇的含量。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯(3/2,V/V)提取组织中的喹乙醇。高效液相色谱条件:AltexUltraspheretmODS-C18分离柱(250mm×4.6mm);流动相为甲醇—水(15/85,V/V);流速1.0mL/min;紫外检测波长266nm或382nm。组织中的药物在0.4~12.8μg/g的浓度范围内的标准曲线呈线性。5只死亡鸡肝组织中喹乙醇的浓度分别是7.86、10.42、14.79、24.10及24.91μg/g;而肾组织中的浓度分别是11.20、15.43、22.58、28.19及30.25μg/g,证实为喹乙醇中毒。  相似文献   

10.
硫酸抗敌素在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
实验通过与喹乙醇(50mg/kg)、金霉素(100mg/kg)对比,研究不同水平的硫酸抗敌素(20,40,80mg/kg)在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用效果。结果表明,不同处理组间日增重差异不显著(p>0.05);80mg/kg硫酸抗敌素组料重比显著低于100mg/kg,金霉素(p<0.05),但其他各处理组间差异不显著;整个试验期腹泻率不高,但以50mg/kg喹乙醇和80mg/kg硫酸抗敌素组较低。从三项指标来看,80mg/kg硫酸抗敌素组效果较好。  相似文献   

11.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

12.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

13.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

14.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

20.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

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