兽用复方癣净凝胶剂对动物皮肤的刺激及过敏试验

为评价兽用复方癣净凝胶剂的安全性,试验以家兔为模型,通过一次给药及多次给药,观察兽用复方癣净凝胶剂对家兔皮肤的刺激性反应;同时建立豚鼠模型,观察兽用复方癣净凝胶剂对豚鼠皮肤的过敏反应。结果发现：兽用复方癣净凝胶剂对家兔完整皮肤刺激反应的平均分值小于0．5、属于无刺激药物,但对破损皮肤有轻度刺激;对豚鼠皮肤过敏反应的分值为O,致敏率为O,具有弱致敏性。表明黑龙江省兽医科学研究所研制的兽用复方癣净凝胶剂用于治疗动物皮肤真菌病安全,但对破损皮肤有轻度刺激。     

复方氟康唑软膏对家兔皮肤的刺激性观察

为研究复方氟康唑软膏对皮肤的刺激性,以复方制霉菌素软膏为对照药物,将8只家兔随机分为完整性皮肤试验组和破损性皮肤试验组,采用左右侧自身对比,观察复方氟康唑软膏对家兔的皮肤刺激性。结果显示,复方氟康唑软膏与复方制霉菌素软膏对完好皮肤与损伤皮肤的平均反应分值无明显差异,其中完好皮肤组家兔在给药后不同时间对两种药物的平均反应分值均低于0.5分;破损皮肤组家兔在给药后1 h和24 h对两种药物的平均反应分值均大于0.5分,但低于3.0分,给药48 h后家兔对两种药物的平均反应分值均低于0.5分。试验过程中无其他不良反应。试验表明,复方氟康唑软膏对完整皮肤无刺激性,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激性。     

兽用伊曲康唑凝胶剂的皮肤毒理试验

为了研究犬用抗真菌药伊曲康唑凝胶剂对皮肤的毒理学作用,探讨其使用安全性,试验采用一次给药的方法,将低、中、高3种浓度的伊曲康唑凝胶剂涂抹于大鼠完整皮肤及破损皮肤处,观察大鼠皮肤急性毒性反应:通过一次给药及多次给药方法将伊曲康唑凝胶剂涂抹于家兔完整皮肤及破损皮肤处,观察家兔皮肤刺激性反应;用伊曲康唑凝胶剂、空白凝胶及阳性...     

七子白皮肤毒性试验

目的:通过对七子白进行皮肤用药毒性试验,探讨七子白的皮肤用药安全性,为临床研究提供理论依据。方法:均采用白色Wistar大鼠,(1)皮肤急性毒性试验将30只大鼠随机分为5组,每组6只,分别为空白组、七子白完整皮肤高、低剂量组、七子白破损皮肤高、低剂量组,给药一次,观察7天。(2)皮肤刺激试验将30只大鼠随机分为5组,每组6只;分别空白组、七子白完整皮肤和破损皮肤组、阳性药物完整皮肤和破损皮肤组,单次刺激,多次刺激连续给药7天。(3)皮肤过敏试验将18只大鼠随机分为3组,每组6只,分别空白组、七子白组、阳性药物组。结果:皮肤急性毒性试验结果中大鼠未发现毒性反应;单次刺激及多次刺激结果显示,七子白对完整和破损皮肤无刺激性,刺激反应评分为0。过敏试验中,阳性药物的致敏率为100%,七子白的致敏率为0。结论:七子白无明显副作用,是一个安全有效的皮肤美白外用方。     

加米霉素注射液特殊安全性试验研究

通过豚鼠、大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察加米霉素注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔8只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为加米霉素注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:150 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔24只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入6、12、30 mg/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成血细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物加米霉素注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明加米霉素注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。     

苦豆子总碱涂膜剂安全性试验研究

为研究苦豆子总碱涂膜剂在预防和治疗奶牛乳房炎方面的安全性,选用皮肤完好的健康家兔,观察家兔对苦豆子总碱涂膜剂皮肤刺激反应症状,并根据皮肤刺激反应的评分标准进行评分;选用皮肤完好的健康豚鼠进行试验,观察豚鼠对苦豆子总碱皮肤变态反应症状,根据皮肤刺激反应的评分标准进行评分。结果表明:苦豆子总碱涂膜剂皮肤刺激反应积分均值最大值为1.33,属于轻刺激性。根据皮肤变态反应的评分标准,计算所得受试物试验组去除激发受试物后24 h和48 h时的致敏率分别为25%和8.3%,属于轻度致敏强度。试验结果提示,苦豆子总碱涂膜剂临床用药安全,此结论为苦豆子总碱用于奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗提供了依据。     

两种治疗奶牛乳房炎蒙药复方的安全性评价

为了对治疗奶牛乳房炎传统蒙药复方和正交蒙药复方的安全性做出科学评价,以保证临床用药安全,采用健康昆明系小鼠进行最大耐受量试验,用健康家兔进行皮肤刺激试验及皮肤致敏试验.结果显示,蒙药复方的安全剂量可以高达120 000 mg/kg体重;对家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤刺激平均分值小于0.5.表明这两种治疗奶牛乳房炎蒙药复方无刺...     

中药复方透皮贴剂的皮肤用药安全性研究

通过对健康家兔皮肤急性毒性试验、皮肤刺激性试验及健康豚鼠皮肤过敏性试验,观察中药复方透皮贴剂经皮肤用药的急性毒性、刺激性和过敏性.结果显示,中药复方透皮贴剂对家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤均无急性毒性和刺激性,对豚鼠完整皮肤无致敏作用.试验表明,中药复方透皮贴剂经皮肤给药安全.     

咪唑苯脲注射液特殊安全性试验研究

通过豚鼠、新西兰大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察咪唑苯脲注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔6只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为咪唑苯脲注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:1211.5 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔8只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入0.1、0.2、0.5 mL/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成红细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物咪唑苯脲注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明,咪唑苯脲注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。     

速康解毒口服液对家兔茎直黄芪中毒的疗效研究

以茎直黄芪人工饲喂2月龄实验家兔中毒,设置对照组、攻毒组、攻毒解毒治疗组,每组实验家兔4只,建立中毒及解毒病理模型,在28d、45d(中毒死亡)、49d(解毒组及空白组处死),研究实验家兔体内的病理变化规律,并对速康解毒口服液治疗效果进行评估。实验结果表明,攻毒组、攻毒解毒解毒组实验家兔在18d左右出现中毒症状,攻毒组Ⅱ号在28d中毒死亡,在第29d时对解毒组利用速康口服液解毒治疗均成活。病理学切片观察表明,攻毒组试验家兔表现为大部分脏器均出现淤血、炎症、坏死等病理变化,解毒治疗组出现轻度淤血、轻度的细胞变性。研究表明速康解毒口服液能有效提高α-甘露糖甙酶活性,解毒组试验家兔病理组织学观察结果表现轻微,证实速康解毒口服液具有较好的解毒效果。     

Comparison of three skin-stretching devices for closing skin defects on the limbs of dogs

Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of skin-stretching devices for closing defects on the extremities of dogs. Antebrachial skin defects were created on the limbs of 24 dogs randomly divided into three groups. Skin stretchers included staples and sutures passing through them (group A), sutures and hypodermic needles (group B), and Pavletic device (group C). Wounds on the left were further undermined in all groups. Tension and blood perfusion were assessed. After removing the stretchers on day 3, the defects were sutured and wound healing was clinically scored. Histological variables evaluated were cellular infiltration, edema, collagen orientation, and thickness of epidermis. Significant differences in tension were found among groups (p < 0.0005) and between measurement times for undermined (p = 0.001) or non-undermined (p < 0.0005) wounds. In contrast, blood perfusion values did not differ significantly. Clinical scores for group B seemed to be better than those for groups A and C, but differences were not significant. Primary wound closure using the Pavletic device was not feasible. No significant differences in histological variables were found between groups. Skin stretching with staples or hypodermic needles resulted in successful wound management with minor side effects on skin histology and circulation.     

Use of random pattern skin flaps for wound closure in two horses

A 9-year-old Thoroughbred broodmare presented with a mass rostral to the medial canthus of the left eye. The mass was removed under general anaesthesia and the wound bed infiltrated with carboplatin emulsion before partially closing using a Z-plasty. The mass recurred and subsequently was resected twice. It has not recurred 68 weeks post-treatment. The second case describes removal of a granulomatous mass from the metatarsus of a yearling Thoroughbred colt. Skin expanders and a rotational flap were used to allow tension-free closure. This required two separate surgeries to firstly insert the skin expanders and secondly to remove the mass, the expanders and to close the defect. The wound healed with good cosmesis. There have been few reports on the use of skin flaps in equine reconstructive surgery in the last 30 years. This report details two cases of wound closure where skin flaps were used to achieve primary intention wound healing.     

Bilateral skin fold rotation-advancement flaps for the closure of large lumbosacral wounds in three dogs

Three dogs were presented for the management of disease processes resulting in large skin defects over the dorsal lumbosacral region. One had severe dog bite wounds, one had a large burn sustained from a heating pad and one had a large myxosarcoma in the region. In each case, the extent and location of the resulting skin defect were assessed as factors likely to prevent reconstruction using simple tension-relieving techniques alone or in combination with established reconstructive techniques, such as axial pattern flaps or skin stretching devices. Bilateral skin fold rotation-advancement flaps (SFRAFs) based on the flank folds were mobilised dorsally and allowed complete wound closure in two dogs and subtotal closure in the other dog. All wounds healed without major complications and an acceptable cosmetic outcome was achieved in each case. Minor flap debridement was required in two dogs. The use of bilateral SFRAFs is a useful technique alone or in combination with other reconstructive techniques for the closure of large dorsal lumbosacral skin defects when existing techniques are not sufficient. Small flank folds, such as those of obese dogs, may yield unexpectedly large SFRAFs.     

A modified biopsy technique to improve histopathological evaluation of avian skin

Skin biopsies are a viable diagnostic tool in avian dermatology, however, the thinness of avian skin makes it difficult to prevent rolling and contraction of skin biopsy specimens during collection and fixation. The difficulty orienting such rolled samples during processing ultimately interferes with the establishment of a histopathological diagnosis. We describe a modified skin biopsy procedure for obtaining avian skin biopsy specimens. In this technique nontranslucent self-adhesive tape (Scotch tape) was attached to skin biopsy sites before obtaining skin biopsies using a standard skin biopsy punch instrument. A total of 23 skin biopsy specimens were obtained: 15 from nonfeathered skin of 12 normal Hispaniolan parrots, 3 from feathered skin of 2 normal birds and 5 from feathered skin of 3 psittacines presented for pathologic feather-picking. All 23 skin specimens consistently adhered to the tape during the biopsy procedure. The specimens were fixed in 10% neutral phosphate-buffered formalin. During processing, no curling or rolling of specimens occurred, and all specimens could be easily orientated for correct trimming and subsequent histopathological evaluation. The tape technique did not produce any appreciable artefacts. Remnants of the tape were microscopically evident above the stratum corneum assuring that none of the stratum corneum was lost during processing. Obtaining avian skin biopsy specimens using this modified tape technique is easy and ensures flat fixation of the skin biopsy specimens, which later allows trimming at right angles, and through the longitudinal diameter of feather follicles for accurate histopathologic evaluation.     

The effects of gel pad thickness on the evaluation of skin structures using ultrasonography in normal dogs

Gel pads are commonly used in skin ultrasonography; however, the effects of their thickness are unknown. This study investigated the effects of pad thickness on measurements of skin thickness in 10 beagle dogs. Sonograms to measure neck skin thickness were captured without pads and using pads with thicknesses of 3, 5, 10, and 20 mm. Without pads, acoustic shading was observed due to air bubbles in the coupling gel. With 20-mm pads, echogenic artifacts were observed on the skin surface. Entry echo with 20-mm pads was significantly higher than with 3-mm pads. This suggests that visibility of the skin structure could be affected when a gel pad is not used or when a thick gel pad is selected.     

牛结节性皮肤病病毒实验室检测方法研究进展

牛结节性皮肤病(LSD)是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的以发热、消瘦、皮肤水肿、局部形成坚硬的结节或溃疡、淋巴结肿大等为主要特征的急性、亚急性传染病。本病目前尚无特效治疗药物,疫苗接种是当前主要的防控措施,但我国目前并没有针对该病的疫苗,因此建立快速准确的检测方法显得尤为重要。本文从该病的病毒分离和鉴定、血清学及分子生物学等方面对LSDV的最新实验室检测方法研究进展进行了综述,以期为LSD的诊断和防控提供参考。     

Zinc-responsive dermatosis in dogs: 41 cases and literature review

Forty-one cases of zinc-responsive dermatosis in the dog are described. The Siberian husky was the predominant breed affected. Periocular crusts were the most common clinical sign and parakeratosis was noted in the skin biopsy specimens of all dogs. Treatment with oral zinc ameliorated the clinical signs in most dogs, but cases necessitating other treatments such as parenteral zinc or retinoids are reported. The authors recommend a starting dose of 2–3 mg kg⁻¹ elemental zinc per day in the treatment of this disorder.     

皮下埋植褪黑激素对陇东绒山羊皮肤毛囊生长发育的影响

休绒期及绒生长期对陇东绒山羊母羊皮下埋植褪黑激素（MT）颗粒埋植剂,分别在缓释期内的每月中旬切取皮肤样品,实验室制作切片、观测研究。结果表明：毛囊直径、毛囊深度、毛囊密度、S/P与对照组差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;毛囊活率试验组高于对照组（P〈0.05）,高水平MT组略高于低水平组（P〉0.05）。外源MT可提高绒山羊产绒量是因为提前并持续激活次级毛囊生长发育,延长了绒生长期,增加了羊绒长度与数量。     

Surgical repair of a full-thickness ear pinna defect in a horse

A 5-year-old gelding used for showing was presented for surgical repair of a full-thickness 15 mm diameter defect in the right pinna, which had occurred as a delayed complication following laser excision of a sarcoid. The defect had resulted in progressive deformity of the ear, and the horse was considered at risk of further injury if the defect became entrapped on a fixed object. Two artificial dermis meshes were inserted to encourage the formation of granulation tissue across the defect, and a commercially available skin expander was implanted adjacent to the site. Eighteen days later, a second surgery was performed to remove the skin expander and to mobilise a local rotational skin flap to close the defect. Both surgeries were performed under standing sedation and local anaesthesia. The site healed well, avoiding further potential trauma to the ear and deformity due to tissue contracture at the site, although some deformation of the lateral aspect of the cartilage remained.