滨海地区鸡致病性大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定

为了控制滨海地区鸡大肠埃希菌病的发生,对大肠埃希菌污染严重的部分鸡场进行了病原分离培养、血清型鉴定以及田间试验.结果表明,14株分离菌中有11株属于大肠埃希菌;分离株血清型主要有O78、O24、O93和O11 4种;免疫保护试验使大肠埃希菌病死率降低了6％.     

鸡大肠埃希菌Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已公布的鸡大肠埃希菌pilA基因序列,在其保守区设计一对引物,以提取的3株鸡大肠埃希菌基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得3个克隆片段。经序列测定和分析表明,3株克隆片段均含有Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的全序列及完整的开放性阅读框架,片段大小为549bp,编码信号肽和结构蛋白;3株鸡大肠埃希菌分离菌株与其他菌株pilA基因之间核苷酸同源性为87.25%～98.36%,氨基酸同源性为87.36%～98.35%;系统进化分析表明,大肠埃希菌各菌株之间的pilA基因遗传相关性与其宿主来源及血清型之间没有显著的相关性;3株鸡大肠埃希菌I型菌毛间具有一定的结构相似性,并存在一定的共同抗原位点。     

湖北省部分肉鸡场致病性大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

对湖北省部分肉鸡场的大肠埃希菌病流行病学进行调查,从采集的50份发病及死亡鸡肝脏、心脏和气囊中共分离出21株大肠埃希菌,对其培养特性、形态特征、生化特性、致病性进行了研究,初步鉴定为大肠埃希茼.同时对分离的21株大肠埃希菌的O群抗原进行了血清型鉴定,其结果为10株O78、6株O18,2株O1,还有3株有待于进一步的血清...     

一株O1血清型鸡大肠埃希菌iss基因的序列分析

采用1日龄雏鸡对1株O1血清型鸡源大肠埃希菌(E.coli)的致病性进行测定,并扩增iss基因.结果表明,鸡E.coli O1对1日龄雏鸡具有较强的毒力.iss基因在致病性鸡E.coli O1中的序列与已知禽大肠埃希菌iss基因序列同源性为100%,与人源大肠埃希菌iss基因核苷酸,序列同源性为90.9%,显示了此基因具有保守性.     

污染饮水引起鸡发病的大肠埃希氏菌血清型及防治的研究

大肠埃希氏菌是条件致病性微生物.对鸡造成严重危害大肠埃希氏菌,其血清型主要有O_1、O_2、O_(78)等.作者对通过污染饮水引起鸡发病的14株大肠杆菌进行调查,发现O_(36)血清型经常与O_(78)血清型在同一鸡体内合并感染致病,且比单一血清型感染致病的病情严重和死亡率明显增高.这一情况,国内尚未见有报道.文章同时对防治措施进行了试探.     

雏鸡和鸡胚大肠埃希氏菌病的研究

鸡大肠埃希氏菌病(Colibacillosis)是由大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli,简称E.coli)的某些血清型所引起的鸡的一类疾病的总称。其中以雏鸡和鸡胚感染率最高,危害最大,给养鸡业带来巨大的潜在性经济损失(Lignieres 1884;Savov 1973)。     

奶牛粪样中致病性大肠埃希菌的分离与鉴定

大肠埃希菌血清型众多,一些具有特殊血清型的大肠埃希菌对人和动物有致病性。本试验从包头市侯家营奶牛场77头外表健康成年泌乳荷斯坦奶牛采集新鲜粪样,进行细菌分离培养,共分离到疑似大肠埃希菌69株,经过形态观察、生化鉴定、动物致病性试验和血清型鉴定,其中12株为致病性大肠埃希菌,均为强毒株,占分离菌数的17.4%,另57株为非致病性大肠埃希菌,占分离菌数的82.6%。同时对12株致病性大肠埃希菌进行了"O"血清型鉴定,分属7种血清型O78、O6、O9、O98、O1、O8、O149,分别占定型菌株的25.0%(3/12)、8.3%(1/12)、16.7%(2/12)、8.3%(1/12)、8.3%(1/12)、8.3%(1/12)、25.0%(3/12)。     

鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌菌毛基因研究进展

菌毛是鸡大肠埃希菌的重要致病因子之一。文章对鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌菌毛的特点及分类,各型菌毛亚单位基因结构及其功能与控制,鸡源致病性与其他动物源大肠埃希菌菌毛之间的同源性进行了综述。这对了解菌毛亚单位基因结构与致病力的关系,探讨鸡源大肠埃希菌的致病力与分布有重要意义。     

鸡致病性大肠埃希菌素V质粒研究进展

大肠埃希菌素V(ColV)质粒是鸡致病性大肠埃希菌中重要的毒力质粒之一,能够编码大肠埃希菌素V、血清抗性、铁摄取系统等与致病相关的毒力基因。目前虽然对鸡的大肠埃希菌病研究的比较广泛,但其确切的发病机制仍需继续深入研究。文章综述了ColV质粒与鸡大肠埃希菌病的联系,及其3个表型与鸡致病性大肠埃希菌毒力的关系,为防控鸡大肠埃希菌病提供新的思路。     

鸡致病性大肠埃希菌素Ⅴ质粒研究进展

大肠埃希菌素Ⅴ(ColⅤ)质粒是鸡致病性大肠埃希菌中重要的毒力质粒之一,能够编码大肠埃希菌素Ⅴ、血清抗性、铁摄取系统等与致病相关的毒力基因.目前虽然对鸡的大肠埃希菌病研究的比较广泛,但其确切的发病机制仍需继续深入研究.文章综述了ColⅤ质粒与鸡大肠埃希菌病的联系,及其3个表型与鸡致病性大肠埃希菌毒力的关系,为防控鸡大肠埃希菌病提供新的思路.     

Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.     

Cellular composition of granulomatous lesions in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of goats during the first year after experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes lesions in naturally and experimentally infected ruminants which greatly differ in severity, cellular composition and number of mycobacteria. Morphologically distinct lesions are already found during the clinically inapparent phase of infection. The complex local host response and number of MAP were characterized at the initial sites of lesions, organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, in experimentally infected goats. Tissues were collected at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month post-inoculation (mpi) from goat kids that had orally received 10 times 10 mg of bacterial wet mass of MAP (JII-1961). The cellular composition of lesions in Peyer's patches in the jejunum and next to the ileocecal valve was evaluated in 21 MAP-inoculated goats, where lesions were compared with unaltered tissue of six control goats. CD68⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, γδ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells, MHC class II⁺ and CD25⁺ cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in serial cryostat sections.At 3 mpi, extensive granulomatous infiltrates predominated, consisting of numerous epitheloid cells admixed with many CD4 and γδ T lymphocytes. Only single MAP were detected. This indicates a strong cellular immune reaction able to control MAP infection. γδ T lymphocytes were markedly increased in this type of lesion which may reflect their important role early in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. At 9 and 12 mpi, divergent lesions were observed which may reflect different outcomes of host–pathogen interactions. In five goats, minimal granulomatous lesions were surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and no MAP were detected by immunohistochemistry. This was interpreted as effective host response that was able to eliminate MAP locally. In three goats, decreased numbers of lymphocytes, but extensive granulomatous infiltrates with numerous epitheloid cells containing increased numbers of mycobacteria were seen. This shift of the immune response resulted in uncontrolled mycobacterial multiplication. Focal and multifocal circumscribed granulomatous infiltrates of mainly epitheloid cells may represent sites of new infection, since they were observed in goats at all times after inoculation. Their presence in goats with minimal granulomatous lesions surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates may indicate that despite the local clearance, the infection may be perpetuated.The complex cellular immune reactions postulated for the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis were demonstrated at the local sites of infection. These early host–pathogen interactions are most likely essential for the eventual outcome of the MAP infection.     

雷波县推广人工种草综合配套技术成效显著

综述了建设人工草场的综合配套技术措施,紧紧围绕国家草畜"3150工程、以建设畜牧科技示范园区为重点,应用优质牧草(紫花苜蓿、白三叶、黑麦草、牛鞭草、光叶紫花苕)进行科学种植,总结提出了一整套粮草轮(套、间)作综合配套技术.     

Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify immunoglobulin G concentration and an analysis of the effect of signalment on levels in canine serum

Deficiency in immunoglobulin G (IgG) is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections in humans and animals, and changes in IgG levels occur in many disease states. In companion animals, failure of transfer of passive immunity is uncommonly diagnosed but mortality rates in puppies are high and more than 30% of these deaths are secondary to septicemia. Currently, radial immunodiffusion (RID) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are the most commonly used methods for quantitative measurement of IgG in dogs. In this study, a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) assay for canine serum IgG was developed and compared to the RID assay as the reference standard. Basic signalment data and health status of the dogs were also analyzed to determine if they correlated with serum IgG concentrations based on RID results.Serum samples were collected from 207 dogs during routine hematological evaluation, and IgG concentrations determined by RID. The FTIR assay was developed using partial least squares regression analysis and its performance evaluated using RID assay as the reference test. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.91 for the calibration model data set and 0.85 for the prediction set. A Bland–Altman plot showed a mean difference of −89 mg/dL and no systematic bias. The modified mean coefficient of variation (CV) for RID was 6.67%, and for FTIR was 18.76%.The mean serum IgG concentration using RID was 1943 ± 880 mg/dL based on the 193 dogs with complete signalment and health data. When age class, gender, breed size and disease status were analyzed by multivariable ANOVA, dogs <2 years of age (p = 0.0004) and those classified as diseased (p = 0.03) were found to have significantly lower IgG concentrations than older and healthy dogs, respectively.     

"自杀性"DNA疫苗研究进展

DNA疫苗作为第三代全新的疫苗,具有传统疫苗和其他基因工程苗不可比拟的优点.但由于其安全性方面存在着一些尚待解决的问题,使得实际应用受到限制."自杀性"DNA疫苗是基于常规的DNA疫苗和自主复制型RNA疫苗而发展起来的一种新型疫苗.由于其制备原理和过程与常规DNA疫苗相类似,所以它具备常规DNA疫苗在制作、运输储存以及免疫等各方面的优点.同时由于它以甲病毒复制子为基础能诱导转染细胞自主凋亡,故比常规DNA疫苗更为安全有效.文章针对"自杀性"DNA疫苗载体的构建、作用机理、优点以及国内外研究情况作一介绍.     

基于“3S”的甘肃省苜蓿病害诊断专家系统的知识获取与表示

知识获取和知识表示是构建专家系统的核心环节。在知识获取方面采用了基于“3S”（地理信息系统GIS、遥感RS、全球定位系统GPS）的半自动获取方式，这一方式结合了人工获取和自动获取的优势，提高了苜蓿Medicago spp.病害诊断的准确性。同时，应用“3S”技术把传统的关系数据库与具有空间属性的矢量数据关联起来，生成具空间属性的新知识库，增强了苜蓿病害诊断的可靠性，更加有利于苜蓿病害知识库的及时更新。在知识表示方面，则采用传统的产生式(If-Then)表示法，表示方式自然、简洁，易于广大基层农业人员所理解和接受，增强了苜蓿病害诊断专家系统实用性，有利于苜蓿病害诊断专家系统的推广应用，进而促进苜蓿产业的快速发展。     

“Eggshell49”对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响

选400羽59周龄棕色海兰（HY—Line）种用蛋鸡作试验,随机分试验组和对照组,每组200羽。两组基础日粮及饲养管理相同,试验组添加“Eggshell49”1公斤／吨,对照组不添加,试验期为10周。试验结果：试验组比对照组产蛋率提高1．75％,不合格蛋降低1,19％（破蛋、软蛋、畸形蛋、白色蛋）,蛋壳的比重增加1．47％（P〈0.01）,蛋壳厚度增加6．8％（P〈0．01）,蛋壳强度增加12．8％（P〈0．05）,哈氏单位提高33.3％,这说明在日粮中添加“Eggshell49”有明显改善蛋壳的品质的效果。     

饲料生产企业引入“4M1E”控制生产成本的探讨

面对饲料原材料价格整体上扬,饲料生产企业引入质量管理学的五要素即"4M1E"来有效控制生产成本。     

经济毛皮动物“白鼻子病”发病原因初析

“白鼻子病”在毛皮动物间的广泛流行已经影响到了毛皮动物养殖业的健康快速发展，虽然大多数学者认为是营养代谢病，但是到现在还没有确定该病的具体发病原因。在综合分析了近年基层兽医对“白鼻子病”的治疗体会和国外曾发生过的毛皮动物代谢病的情况后，对它们的发病原因、发病症状、防治方法进行了分析比较，以期为“白鼻子病”的防治提供新的思路。     

Local pulmonary immune responses in domestic cats naturally infected with Cytauxzoon felis

Cytauxzoonosis is a hemoprotozoal disease of cats and wild felids in the South and Southeastern United States caused by Cytauxzoon felis. Although the causative agent has been recognized since the seventies, no study has examined the local immune response in affected organs, such as the lung, and compared them to the lungs of uninfected domestic cats. Previous studies have suggested that the histopathologic findings in the lungs of C. felis-infected cats are caused by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and increased production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), by the infected macrophages. Our laboratory had previously found an upregulation of the adhesion molecule CD18, which can stimulate the release of these pro-inflammatory mediators. The objective of this study was to characterize local pulmonary immune responses in cats naturally infected with C. felis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II in 19 lungs from affected cats that died between 2005 and 2013. Results showed increased expression of all of these molecules when compared to lungs from uninfected, healthy cats. Furthermore, MHC II is expressed in the endothelium of C. felis naturally infected cats. These results support that there is a marked, local, pro-inflammatory immune response that can contribute to the pathogenesis of cytauxzoonosis in the lungs.