蜂胶提取物体内外抑菌试验

为研究蜂胶提取物的体外对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用及体内对鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果。采用体外试验:采用打孔法,测定抑菌圈直径,采用2倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度;体内试验:本试验通过人工建立鸡大肠杆菌病模型,用蜂胶提取物进行预防治疗,同时设氟苯尼考西药对照治疗组。观察临床症状、体重变化等指标。结果表明,大肠杆菌对蜂胶提取物以及氟苯尼考均高度敏感,蜂胶提取物的MIC为0.013g/ml。蜂胶提取物预防及治疗组和西药对照组的治愈率和有效率差异不显著;蜂胶提取物组增加体重作用显著优于西药对照组。     

黄芩提取物对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病和鸡白痢防治效果研究

通过体外抑菌试验,研究黄芩提取物的抑菌效果。结果表明,黄芩提取物对所试菌株体外抑菌效果不显著。以1日龄的蛋雏鸡为实验动物,探讨其对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病和鸡白痢的防治效果。临床和剖检观察表明,给药组雏鸡的发病症状、鸡脏器的病理变化均轻于感染对照组;给药组的发病率、死亡率均低于感染对照组,有效率和治愈率均高于感染对照组。表明黄芩提取物（黄芩黄酮）对鸡大肠杆菌和鸡白痢具有明显的体内抑菌作用,并对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病和鸡白痢有明显的防治效果。     

鸡大肠杆菌灭活苗试验在大冶获成功

<正>近日,大冶市畜牧兽医局肉鸡大肠杆菌病多价灭活疫苗试验示范、免疫保护效力检测显示,接种鸡大肠杆菌灭活苗可有效预防鸡大肠杆菌病的发生,预示着试验取得成功。大冶市畜牧局鸡大肠杆菌灭活苗试验小组组长刘朝华介绍,鸡大肠杆菌病是鸡的易发病种,易造成肉鸡出栏率低,蛋鸡育成率和生产能力下降。病     

国外家禽快讯

1中草药提取物的杀菌活性对鸡抗致病性埃希氏大肠杆菌的影响印度有研究人员先以致病性埃希氏大肠杆菌为病原,应用凝胶平板定性检测了5种中草药植物的杀菌活性。其中发现有两种中草药,即萎藤和耳叶番泻的提取物具有杀微生物活性。然后以不同稀释度的提取物和不同溶剂,利用同样的方法定量检测了上述两种中草药提取物杀微生物活性的效果,并在患大肠杆菌病的病鸡进行了临床试验。根据试验结果和所监测的副反应等材料,他们发现耳叶番泻提取物的杀微生物活性要强于萎藤的提取物。2天然维生素E添加剂的用量和用药时间对鸡肉脂肪酸组成、维生素E浓…     

麻疯树叶提取物对鸡大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用

本试验研究了麻疯树叶的乙醇提取物对鸡常见致病性菌:大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌活性。结果显示:该提取物对鸡大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球茵均有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用优于对金黄色葡萄球菌。细菌接种量对麻疯树叶提取物抑制鸡大肠杆菌的作用无明显影响,但接种量升至107cfu／mL,使其对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC增加1倍。碱性条件可增强其抗菌活性。     

杨树花超声波提取物的抑菌作用及对鸡源性大肠杆菌耐药性的消除作用

以杨树花超声波提取物为研究对象探讨其抗菌活性,观察杨树花超声波提取物对感触培养前后鸡源性大肠杆菌耐药性的影响。采用药敏试验法测试杨树花超声波提取物对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果,利用加有100μmol/L的杨树花超声波提取物溶液培养基进行感触培养,观察感触培养前后辽宁省锦州市某养鸡场分离的致病性大肠杆菌对抗菌药敏感性的变化。杨树花超声波提取物药敏试验结果表明:大肠杆菌对杨树花超声波提取物极度敏感(21.17±0.41),沙门菌和葡萄球菌对其高度敏感(17.87±0.25和17.10±0.37),枯草芽孢杆菌对其中度敏感(13.03±0.54);杨树花超声波提取物感触培养试验结果表明:锦州某养鸡场鸡大肠杆菌分离株对抗菌药物的敏感性发生变化,抑菌直径扩大0.21~5.60 mm,10种抗菌药物的抑菌直径平均提高2.09 mm。抑菌试验结果说明,杨树花超声波提取物对大肠杆菌、沙门菌和葡萄球菌均有明显抑菌作用,且对大肠杆菌的作用效果强于沙门菌和葡萄球菌,对枯草芽孢杆菌的作用效果次之;耐药性消除作用试验结果说明,杨树花超声波提取物可消除鸡源性部分大肠杆菌的耐药性。     

徐州地区蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的诊治

对临床发现的由鸡大肠杆菌引起的以鸡输卵管炎和腹膜炎为典型症状的传染病诊治情况进行论述。采用大肠杆菌分离培养、生化试验和药敏试验对病料进行了病原鉴定,结果表明徐州地区鸡群被大肠杆菌感染,并提出了防治鸡大肠杆菌病的建议。     

家禽大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离及药敏试验分析

正目前,鸡大肠杆菌病的防治主要依赖于抗生素,但是养殖者抗生素的大量使用以及滥用,促使大肠杆菌多重耐药性和鸡产品药物残留等诸多新问题产生。1试验材料1.1病料来源养殖户送检样本有典型大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌病变的病死鸡,孵化后期死亡鸡胚作病料。1.2细菌分离用的培养基麦康凯培养基、普通培养基、SS培养基、亚硫酸铋培养基等。2试验方法2.1大肠杆菌的分离培养遵循无菌操作原则采取病     

几种药物治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

为筛选临床治疗鸡大肠杆菌的有效药物,分别应用双黄连、银黄提取物、板蓝根、小诺霉素、甲砜霉素对感染大肠杆菌病鸡进行治疗。结果表明:双黄连疗效最好为首选,小诺霉素疗效次之,治疗成本小诺霉素和甲砜霉素较双黄连低。     

奥福欣口服液对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗试验报告

奥福欣口服液对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗试验报告沈建忠肖希龙（中国农业大学动物医学院，北京１０００９４）目前，鸡大肠杆菌病已成为危害养鸡业的重要细菌性传染病之一，我们应用奥福欣口服液对鸡大肠杆菌感染进行治疗试验，现报告如下。试验材料一、受试药物：奥福欣口服液...     

2种植物提取物复合物对断奶仔猪生长性能以及肠道形态结构、免疫功能和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加2种植物提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道免疫功能、肠道形态结构和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF?Ⅰ)含量的影响.选取胎次相近(3～6胎次)、25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元仔猪120头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌...     

The anthelmintic effect of aqueous methanol extract of Combretum molle (R. Br. x. G. Don) (Combretaceae) in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus

The aqueous methanol extract from the stem-bark of Combretum molle was evaluated for anthelmintic activity in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus using faecal egg count (FEC) reduction assay. The extract showed a dose-dependent reduction in FEC in infected animals. At doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg(-1), the extract caused FEC reduction of 63%, 69.25% and 96.23%, respectively. Similarly, the standard anthelmintic (albendazole) at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) produced FEC reduction of 99.24%. FEC reduction produced by the extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) is below the minimum standard of 90% FEC recommended by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). However, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the means of groups treated with 1000 mg kg(-1) and 2000 mg kg(-1) compared to that of albendazole. In this study, C. molle has shown a promising anthelmintic activity against experimental haemonchosis. Nonetheless, further studies to evaluate its detailed toxicity are required for the plant extract to be developed into a useful anthelmintic drug. There is also the need to evaluate other parts of the plant (root, leaves, fruits, etc.) for the same effect.     

异龄苜蓿水浸液对其种子萌发的自毒效应

以甘肃庆阳、定西异龄陇东苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Longdong)植株为材料,用纸上发芽法,研究不同生长部位水浸液对其种子萌发的影响。结果表明:植株各部位水浸液对其种子萌发存在自毒作用,其中以花的水浸液抑制作用最强;庆阳4—6龄苜蓿水浸液的自毒作用最强,10龄后则有所减弱;在干旱条件下苜蓿胚根比胚芽对其水浸物更敏感,水浸液对其胚芽、胚根的抑制效应强于发芽率,建议4-6龄苜蓿应通过轮作克服其自毒作用。     

日粮中添加藤茶提取物对猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响

为研究日粮中添加藤茶提取物对不同体重阶段猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响,本研究选用平均初始体重为30 kg的三元杂交(杜×长×大)去势公猪90头,随机分成3个处理,分别为对照组(CON组,饲喂基础日粮)、植物精油复合物组(A组,基础日粮中添加0.03%植物精油复合物)和藤茶提取物组(B组,基础日粮中添加0.03%藤茶提取物),根据不同体重阶段(30～50、50～75、75～100 kg及100 kg～出栏)饲喂不同阶段的基础日粮,每次换料前及试验结束时称重采血,分析不同体重阶段添加0.03%藤茶提取物对猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:与CON组相比,添加0.03%藤茶提取物显著提高了30～75 kg猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);显著降低了30～50 kg猪血清乳酸(LA)含量(P<0.05);显著提高了50～75 kg猪血液胰岛素(INS)浓度(P<0.05),但对血糖(GLU)浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);显著提高了75～100 kg猪GLU浓度(P<0.05),INS浓度有升高趋势(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量显著降低(P<0.05);各体重阶段血清生长激素(GH)含量均有升高趋势(P>0.05)。B组猪血清总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(TAOC)在各体重阶段与CON组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与A组相比,添加0.03%藤茶提取物显著提高了30～100 kg猪的ADFI(P<0.05),显著降低了30～50 kg猪血清LA含量(P<0.05),且显著提高了50 kg以上体重阶段猪血清GSH-Px活力(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加0.03%藤茶提取物可促进30～75 kg猪生长代谢,在一定程度改善50～100 kg猪的血糖代谢,且添加藤茶提取物效果优于添加等量植物精油复合物。     

山银花和黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化机能的影响

本试验旨在检测山银花和黄芩提取物(以下称"植物提取物")对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和抗氧化机能的作用效果。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加125、250、500 mg/kg植物提取物,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,500 mg/kg植物提取物可显著提高21~42、1~42日龄的平均日增重,显著降低耗料增重比;添加500 mg/kg植物提取物可显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡胸腺、法氏囊指数;添加500 mg/kg植物提取物可显著提高21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清过氧化氢酶活力、降低丙二醛水平。总之,肉鸡饲粮中添加植物提取物可以提高生长性能、促进免疫器官发育、提高抗氧化机能,以添加500 mg/kg植物提取物的效果最佳。     

日粮中添加植物提取物对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

选用250只健康AA肉雏随机分成5个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮＋金霉素、基础日粮＋植物提取物（300 g/t）、基础日粮＋植物提取物（500 g/t）和基础日粮＋植物提取物（800 g/t）5种日粮,以研究不同浓度植物提取物对46日龄肉仔鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、T淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬印度墨汁率等指标的影响。研究结果表明,提取物有提高肉仔鸡日增重、成活率及饲料报酬率的趋势,且不影响肉仔鸡的正常生长。日粮中添加不同浓度植物提取物能够增加免疫器官指数,具有促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,淋巴细胞（增殖）转化率显著增高,延长抗体水平持续时间,对肉鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显促进作用。而在日粮中添加500 g/t的提取物比添加金霉素对仔鸡免疫力有更好的作用。     

药用植物提取物对绵羊采食量、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加不同水平药用植物提取物对绵羊采食量、采食行为、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响.试验将60头平均体重为82.76 kg的绵羊随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头.3组绵羊在10?w的试验期中分别饲喂基础日粮+0、80和160?mg/kg药物复合植物提取物.结果:80?mg/kg植物提取物组绵羊的平均...     

Evaluating the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and Echinacea purpurea plant extract in broilers against Eimeria acervulina

Coccidiostats could be phased out as feed additives before 1 January 2013 for public health and food safety reasons, and, as a replacement, bioactive compounds found in plants are currently being investigated since they are more likely to be found acceptable by consumers. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and Echinacea purpurea plant extract (EP) as additives by analyzing the performance traits, oocyst excretion and intestinal lesions following experimental infection with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 72 Ross male broilers were raised from 1 to 35 d and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: control, without additives (C); 150 mg kg(-1) cinnamaldehyde (CIN); 1000 mg kg(-1)E. purpurea plant extract (EP); 150 mg kg(-1) cinnamaldehyde plus 1000 mg kg(-1)E. purpurea plant extract (CIN+EP). At 25 d, 12 chickens per treatment were orally infected with E. acervulina. Coccidia infestation led to lower performance but with no significant differences between the infected groups. Oocyst output reached its peak from 6 to 9 d post-infection in all treatments. At duodenal level, gross lesion scores were lower for cinnamaldehyde diets (P<0.05). A similar trend was observed in the microscopic lesion scores, with a non-significant reduction as a result of cinnamaldehyde addition (P>0.05). Scoring methods for macro- and microscopic lesions showed a positive linear relationship (G=+0.70). Further studies are necessary to assess the possible anticoccidian action of the cinnamaldehyde and its value as an alternative or adjunct in therapeutic or prophylactic strategies.     

The efficiency of extracts of Dahlstedtia pentaphylla (Leguminosae, Papilionoidae, Millettiedae) on Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in artificially infested bovines

Tests were conducted to assess the efficiency of the roots of Dahlstedtia pentaphylla (Taub.) Burk. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettiae) plant against infestations of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887). These tests were performed on 30 bovine animals in the Paraíba Valley, State of S?o Paulo, Brazil, divided into three groups (control, extract diluted at 1:10 mL and extract diluted at 1:20 mL), after artificial infestation with some 4000 larvae/animal on days -21, -14, -7, -1, 0, 7 and 14. The extract of D. pentaphylla was obtained by dehydration, spraying and extraction in absolute ethanol, at a proportion of one part of root powder to three parts of ethanol, this being taken as standard (100%). This standard extract was then diluted in water at one part of extract to 10 and 20, for spraying on the bovines. The best result obtained (an efficiency rate of 76.10%) was seen 3 days after the application of the extract at a concentration of 1:10 mL. The extract showed no effect in inhibition of the laying or hatching of larvae on engorged females, these being collected from the bovines after treatment, and kept in the laboratory.     

Acaricidal activity of Palicourea marcgravii, a species from the Amazon forest, on cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Leaves of Palicourea marcgravii were extracted successively with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol in order to evaluate their acaricidal activity on larvae and adult stages of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest bioactivity of the tested extracts, which contained 0.12% monofluoroacetic acid. On engorged female, the ethyl acetate extract showed a lethal concentration 50% - LC(50)=30.08 mg ml(-1), inhibitory concentration 50% - IC(50)=5.79 mg ml(-1) and lethal time 50% - LT(50)=4.72 days; 100% reproduction was controlled at concentrations of 50 mg ml(-1) and on larvae the ethyl acetate extract showed a LC(50)=2.46 mg ml(-1). No alkaloids were detected in any of the extracts. This is the first report on the acaricidal activity of P. marcgravii extracts against R. microplus as well as the acaricidal properties of a plant species containing monofluoroacetic acid.