紫外分光光度法测定二甲硝咪唑含量

二甲硝咪唑溶于甲醇,在紫外区有明显特征峰.该文采用紫外分光光度法测定二甲硝咪唑含量,操作简便快速,结果稳定可靠.     

紫外分光光度法测定二甲硝咪唑片含量

二甲硝咪唑溶于甲醇,在紫外区有明显特征峰。本试验采用紫外分光光度法测定二甲硝咪唑含量,操作简便快速,结果稳定可靠     

紫外分光光度法测定预混剂中二甲硝咪唑的含量

用紫外分光光度法测定二甲硝咪唑预混剂中二甲硝咪唑含量二甲硝咪唑溶解于甲醇中,而载何不 溶,过滤分离出二甲硝咪唑,于２００￣４００ｎｍ间扫描;在３１９ｎｍ和２２８ｎｍ波长处有最大吸收峰,３１９ｎｍ波长处测定吸收度,二甲硝米唑浓度在４￣２４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内与吸收度呈良好的线性关系,符合朗比－比尔定律。用二甲硝咪唑作对照品测得二甲硝咪唑预混剂的平均回收率为１００．００％,ｃｖ＝０．４３％,。ｎ＝１５,方     

兽用复方制剂新沙星Ⅱ中烟酸诺氟沙星、二甲硝咪唑含量的测定

兽用复方制剂新沙星Ⅱ中烟酸诺氟沙星、二甲硝咪唑含量的测定廖雁平广东省兽药监察所广州５１０２３０新沙星Ⅱ为兽用水溶性复方制剂，主要含烟酸诺氟沙星、二甲硝咪唑等成分。用紫外分光光度法测定烟酸诺氟沙星时〔１〕，由于二甲硝咪唑的干扰，影响了含量测定。只有消除...     

二甲硝咪唑治疗仔猪白痢1137例

二甲硝咪唑治疗仔猪白痢１１３７例１９９２年５月以来，笔者在临床上用二甲硝咪唑治疗仔猪白痢病猪１０９窝，共１１３７头，效果较好，现报告如下：药物与用法１．二甲硝咪唑片或粉。每次每头按每公斤体重４０毫克用药，用药前先用适量冷开水将药调成糊状（片剂须先研碎...     

二甲硝咪唑及其代谢物在猪体内的消除规律

建立了应用HPLC法测定二甲硝咪唑（DMZ）在猪组织中残留的方法。在猪肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪等组织中添加高、中、低不同量的二甲硝咪唑，HPLC测定的回收率均在80％以上，变异系数在10％以内。肌肉、肝脏、肾脏的最低检测限为10μg/kg，脂肪为50μg/kg。同时研究了二甲硝咪唑在猪组织中残留的消除规律。试验结果认为，二甲硝咪唑在猪体内很快地转变为2－羟甲基硝基咪唑（DMZOH），DMZOH是其主要代谢物。以300、600mg/kg的剂量连续内服5d，停药48h后各组织中均检测不到DMZ及DMZOH。     

猪饲粮添加二甲硝咪唑、喹乙醇的效果试验

二甲硝咪唑即1.2—二甲基—5—硝基咪唑(C_5H_7N_3 O_2=141.13),是一种高效低毒超广谱抗菌、抗原虫的治疗或预防药物。根据F.Cmbyl(法国)1989年发表论文,证明二甲硝咪唑有抗甲状腺作用,使动物的增重加快。无累积毒性和免疫抑制现象,同时还具有一定的活化作用。所以本品是当前较理想的饲料药物添加剂和促生长增重剂。国产二甲硝咪唑是1987年首先由湖北省武汉市武山兽药厂研制成功,并列入中国兽药典(1990)标准。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中二甲硝咪唑

二甲硝咪唑 (Dimetridazole)是一种广谱抗菌药和抗原虫药，临床上有预防和治疗密螺旋体引起的痢疾和家禽黑头病及抗甲状腺，提高增重的作用。但是，如果使用不当，将带来很大的副作用，因此对饲料中二甲硝咪唑检测方法的研究具有实际意义。目前国内尚无饲料中二甲硝咪唑检测方法，本试验采用高效液相色谱法检测饲料中的二甲硝咪唑，取得了较好的分离效果，而且方法简便，重现性好。 1材料与方法 1.1仪器与试剂 1.1.1仪器岛津 LC－ 10A、带紫外检测器、 spherisorb－ C18色谱柱、微量进样器 (10μ l)、恒温水浴锅、离心分离机。 1.1.2试剂…     

一些常用的抗原虫兽药及临床应用

1甲硝哒唑,硝基咪唑类抗生素的用途广泛,具有广谱的活性,对毛滴虫、阿米巴和贾第虫有效,也对厌氧球菌和杆菌有效。硝基咪唑的原型是甲硝哒唑,是治疗贾第虫感染的首选药物。硝基咪唑类其他药物(异丙硝哒唑、磺甲硝咪唑、尼莫唑、奥硝唑和苄硝唑)已用于控制贾第虫感染,但目前仅有甲硝哒唑和磺甲硝咪唑在美国使用。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血清和尿液中硝基咪唑类药物残留

为建立血清和尿液中甲硝唑、羟基甲硝唑、二甲硝咪唑和羟基二甲硝咪唑的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)快速测定方法,样品用乙酸乙酯提取,经PCX固相萃取柱净化,Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(3.0mm×100mm,1.8μm)分离,进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。结果表明,甲硝唑、羟基甲硝唑、二甲硝咪唑及羟基二甲硝咪唑在0.20μg/L~50μg/L范围呈良好线性,线性相关系数均大于0.995,检出限为0.20μg/L,定量下限为0.50μg/L。样品在定量下限1、2、10倍3个加标水平下的平均回收率为89.3%~108.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.63%~10.0%。该方法灵敏、简便、准确,可用于血清和尿液中硝基咪唑类药物的检测分析。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.