适合基层的动物疫病应急流行病学调查工作模式

正调查结束后,调查组应与区县兽医主管部门分管领导和当地疫控机构负责人交流调查结果,同时对调查结果进行汇总分析。在当前我国重大动物疫病和公共卫生事件时有发生的形势下,兽医流行病学调查不再局限于科学研究领域,已逐渐成为兽医公共服务机构开展重大动物疫病防控的重要环节。2008年初,为科学有效地开展流行病学调查,重庆市动物疫病预防控制中心(以下简称"市中心")针对重庆市具体实际,在     

海西动物流行病学调查存在的问题及建议

<正>开展动物流行病学调查是查找及追踪传染源、切断疫病传播途径和控制疫病的重要措施。规范的动物流行病学调查工作,一般是运用询问、信访、问卷填表、现场实地查看、病例剖检和实验室检测等多种手段,全面收集与疫病事件有关的各种数据和资料,来掌握动物疫病发生规律,科学判断动物疫病发生风险和流行趋势,系统评估动物疫病流行状况和防控效果,不断提升主要动物疫病预警预报和防控水平。1动物流行病学调查工作的重要性     

咸阳市主要动物疫病检验监测报告分析与探讨

通过对全市13个县市区2016~2018年以来畜间流行病学调查、病原学和血清学监测、免疫抗体监测与免疫效果评价等技术措施的全面实施,基本掌握了我市动物疫病的流行现状、发病规律与发展趋势,揭示了主要动物疫病发生的潜在风险,这对促进我市畜牧业的健康可持续发展,保障社会公共卫生安全和人类健康都有十分重要的意义,同时也为政府对主要动物疫病防控决策提供科学依据,实现全市动物疫病防控工作的全面提升。     

关于补齐动物疫情防控突出短板的思考与建议

动物疫情防控是国家生物安全风险防控的重要组成部分。近年来,我国动物疫情防控工作取得了显著成效,但疫情形势依然严峻复杂,多种重大动物疫病和重点人兽共患病不同程度暴发流行,新发动物传染病不断出现,境外动物疫病传入风险持续加大,严重影响养殖业生产安全、公共卫生安全、动物产品供给安全和动物源性食品安全。有效应对动物疫情风险挑战,应深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于生物安全的重要指示精神,坚持系统治理和全链条防控,深入梳理解决制约动物疫情防控的关键性和深层次问题,聚焦突出短板弱项,探索有效的解决方案,推动形成高质量、高水平、高效率的动物卫生安全保障格局。     

新常态下动物疫病防控工作面临的机遇与挑战

在畜牧业由“增量型”向“提质增效型”转型的新常态下,动物疫病防控工作面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战。本文从畜牧业生产方式、产业化链条、产业结构及法律法规等方面分析了当前动物疫病防控工作的新机遇,从疫控体系建设、疫病流行形势、畜产品消费需求及疫病防控理念等方面分析了当前动物疫病防控工作的新挑战,提出了新常态下疫病防控的对策,为科学开展动物疫病防控工作提供参考。     

适合基层的动物疫病应急流行病学调查工作模式

<正>调查结束后,调查组应与区县兽医主管部门分管领导和当地疫控机构负责人交流调查结果,同时对调查结果进行汇总分析。在当前我国重大动物疫病和公共卫生事件时有发生的形势下,兽医流行病学调查不再局限于科学研究领域,已逐渐成为兽医公共服务机构开展重大动物疫病防控的重要环节。2008年初,为科学有效地开展流行病学调查,重庆市动物疫病预防控制中心(以下简称"市中心")针对重庆市具体实际,在     

金山区动物疫病防控体系现状及风险分析

2013年金山区经历了黄浦江死猪漂浮事件和H7N9禽流感疫情,暴露出当前金山区动物疫病防控体系在应对突发公共卫生事件中存在的一些问题,也给金山区疫病防控体系建设提出了新的挑战。本文分析了金山区动物疫病防控体系现状、存在问题,及在应对公共卫生安全事件中可能存在的风险,并提出了切合实际的防控对策,为建立科学的动物疫病防控长效机制提供借鉴。     

我国口岸动物疫病传入途径与防控对策

外来动物疫病防控是国家动物防疫工作的重要环节,对保障公共卫生、维护生态安全起着重要作用。当前,我国口岸动物疫病疫情复杂、风险隐患多、防控压力大。本文从我国动物疫病口岸防控现状、主要传入途径以及防控对策3个方面进行了综述。分析认为口岸动物疫病主要通过活动物和动物产品进口、走私、人员携带、邮寄、边境贸易以及媒介、生物迁徙等途径传入,因此需要通过加强风险分析和检疫准入、加强指定口岸建设和管理、强化口岸检疫防疫能力建设以及提高检疫处理的科学化和市场化水平等途径,防止动物疫病从口岸传入,保障国内畜禽养殖业发展和公共卫生安全。本文为口岸动物疫病防控措施和政策的制定提供了参考。     

绩效管理在重大动物疫病防控中的应用及效果

重大动物疫病防控关系到养殖业生产安全、动物产品质量安全、公共卫生安全和环境安全,关乎社会秩序的稳定与和谐,是畜牧业发展的重要措施。本文结合湖南省工作实际,就近年来绩效管理应用到重大动物疫病防控工作的主要做法和取得的成效进行了分析,并对进一步开展绩效管理、推进重大动物疫病防控工作,对遇到的新问题提出了对策。     

基层开展动物流行病学调查工作的现状及建议

开展动物流行病学调查是查找传染源、追踪传染源、切断疫病传播途径、控制疫病的重要措施.规范的动物流行病学调查工作,可以全面掌握动物疫病发生规律,科学判断动物疫病发生风险和流行趋势,系统评估动物疫病流行状况和防控效果,不断提升主要动物疫病预警预报和防控水平.     

Emerging zoonoses: the challenge for public health and biodefense

The concept of new and emerging diseases has captured the public interest and has revitalized the public health infectious disease research community. This interest has also resulted in competition for funding and turf wars between animal health and public health scientists and public officials and, in some cases, has delayed and hindered progress toward effective prevention, control and biodefense. There is a dynamic list of outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and often in the reservoir animal species. Some agents have the potential to grow into major epidemics. There are many determinants that influence the emergence of diseases of concern that require the use of current understanding of the nature of agent persistence and spread. Additional factors that are global must be added to plans for prevention and control. To this complex mix has been added the potential for accidental or malicious release of agents. The nature of emerging infectious agents and their impact is largely unpredictable. Models that strive to predict the dynamics of agents may be useful but can also blind us to increasing disease risks if it does not match a specific model. Field investigations of early events will be critical and should drive prevention and control actions. Many disease agents have developed strategies to overcome extremes of reservoir qualities like population size and density. Every infectious agent spreads easier when its hosts are closer together. Zoonoses must be dealt with at the interface of human and animal health by all available information. Lessons learned from the emergence of and response to agents like West Nile virus, H5N1 avian influenza, SARS and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the cause of new-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, must be used to create better plans for response and meet the challenge for public health and biodefense.     

动物饲养管理与疾病防控的关系

在养殖业生产过程中,动物疾病防控是非常重要的工作,防控工作做得成功与否,事关养殖业成效,直接影响养殖户经济收入,做好动物疾病防控就显得尤为重要了,本人认为要做好动物疾病防控工作,就从平时日常管理做起,建立一整套完善的饲养管理制度,为畜禽提供优异的圈舍环境和优质的饲草料,做好防寒防暑措施,落实动物疫病防控措施,增强动物个体抗病能力,就会有效地降低动物疾病的发生,尤其是传染病发生都可以避免;即使发生传染病,也能及时得到有效控制。在大规模养殖过程中,我们要把重点放在做好饲养管理,确保各项生理指标健康,增加个体抗病能力,从而增强群体抗病能力,而不是忙于治疗个别病畜,否则会因小失大,会使动物疾病防控工作完全陷入被动局面。为此不难看出,动物饲养管理和疾病防控工作有着密切关系,本人通过调查研究、查阅资料,对动物饲养管理与疾病防控的关系进行探讨。     

在“同一个健康”框架下,加强兽医与人医合作,有效监测和应对人畜共患病和新发传染病

新发传染病主要是人畜共患病,是世界经济和公共健康的沉重负担。这就要求加强检测、鉴别和监视传染病的能力方面投入。高致病禽流感H5N1、新甲型流感("猪流感")H1N1、非典型性肺炎、西尼罗河病毒、地方流行性狂犬病、布鲁氏菌病以及发展中国家暴发的其它人畜共患病及近期猪抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,是人类、动物及其环境相互作用的典型范例。面临中国动物和人类常见的新发传染病坚持"同一个健康"战略,这就要求业已存在的兽医和人医及公共卫生机构的通力合作。人的疾病控制系统与动物疾病控制系统虽然都已经建立,但人畜共患病的暴发表明兽医机构和人医机构密切合作的重要性。在保证环境健康的同时,通过动物疾病和人类疾病监测系统的密切合作,中国就一定能够控制人畜共患病。以这种方式进行疾病预防、监测与应对,各层面及各动物生产部门间有效的兽医推广是加强和保持健康生态环境中人和动物健康的有效办法。中国还需大量努力才能达到从制度上保证预防和消灭疾病。透明而准确的人与动物疾病监督通常会产生经济且可持续的预防疾病方法。加拿大在兽医、公共健康、食品安全和人畜共患病预防方面所发挥的作用就是与中国农业部合作,促进必要的、可持续的兽医监督网络的建设。     

一起经营运输死因不明动物案引发的思考

病死动物无害化处理作为防控动物疫病的重要举措,对控制疫病传播、保障畜产品质量安全以及维护公共卫生安全意义重大。2016年甘肃省A县动物卫生监督所对一起涉嫌经营运输死因不明动物尸体案进行了立案查处,通过调查取证、价格函询、集体讨论,依据《动物防疫法》有关规定,对当事人依法处以15530元罚款。本文对案件查办过程中的货值金额认定、违法事实确认、证据材料审查、处罚条款适用等内容进行了重点评析,建议应严格落实畜禽标识佩戴义务,完善草原病死和死因不明牲畜收集体系,优化农业保险理赔流程。     

Prevention and Control of Rabies in an Age of Global Travel: A Review of Travel‐ and Trade‐Associated Rabies Events – United States, 1986–2012

Rabies prevention and control efforts have been successful in reducing or eliminating virus circulation regionally through vaccination of specific reservoir populations. A notable example of this success is the elimination of canine rabies virus variant from the United States and many other countries. However, increased international travel and trade can pose risks for rapid, long‐distance movements of ill or infected persons or animals. Such travel and trade can result in human exposures to rabies virus during travel or transit and could contribute to the re‐introduction of canine rabies variant or transmission of other viral variants among animal host populations. We present a review of travel‐ and trade‐associated rabies events that highlight international public health obligations and collaborative opportunities for rabies prevention and control in an age of global travel. Rabies is a fatal disease that warrants proactive coordination among international public health and travel industry partners (such as travel agents, tour companies and airlines) to protect human lives and to prevent the movement of viral variants among host populations.     

Reports of zoonotic disease outbreaks associated with animal exhibits and availability of recommendations for preventing zoonotic disease transmission from animals to people in such settings

OBJECTIVE: To assess the number of zoonotic disease outbreaks associated with animal exhibits and identify published recommendations for preventing zoonotic disease transmission from animals to people in exhibit settings. DESIGN: Literature review and survey of state public health veterinarians and state epidemiologists. PROCEDURE: MEDLINE and agriculture databases were searched from 1966 through 2000. Retrieved references and additional resources provided by the authors were reviewed. A survey was sent to state public health veterinarians and state epidemiologists to determine whether their states had written recommendations or guidelines for controlling zoonotic diseases in animal exhibition venues, whether their states maintained a listing of animal exhibitors in the state, and whether they had any information on recent outbreaks involving animals in exhibitions. RESULTS: 11 published outbreaks were identified. These outbreaks occurred in a variety of settings including petting zoos, farms, and a zoological park. An additional episode involving exposure to a potentially rabid bear required extensive public health resources. A survey of state public health veterinarians identified 16 additional unpublished outbreaks or incidents. Most states did not have written recommendations or guidelines for controlling zoonotic diseases or any means to disseminate educational materials to animal exhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Recent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases associated with contact with animals in exhibition venues highlight concerns for disease transmission to public visitors. Only a handful of states have written guidelines for preventing zoonotic disease transmission in animal exhibition venues, and published recommendations currently available focus on preventing enteric diseases and largely do not address other zoonotic diseases or prevention of bite wounds.     

Emerging and exotic zoonotic disease preparedness and response in the United States - coordination of the animal health component

For the response to a zoonotic disease outbreak to be effective, animal health authorities and disease specialists must be involved. Animal health measures are commonly directed at known diseases that threaten the health of animals and impact owners. The measures have long been applied to zoonotic diseases, including tuberculosis and brucellosis, and can be applied to emerging diseases. One Health (veterinary, public, wildlife and environmental health) and all-hazards preparedness work have done much to aid interdisciplinary understanding and planning for zoonotic diseases, although further improvements are needed. Actions along the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery continuum should be considered. Prevention of outbreaks consists largely of import controls on animals and animal products and biosecurity. Preparedness includes situational awareness, research, tool acquisition, modelling, training and exercises, animal movement traceability and policy development. Response would include detection systems and specialized personnel, institutions, authorities, strategies, methods and tools, including movement control, depopulation and vaccination if available and appropriate. The specialized elements would be applied within a general (nationally standardized) system of response. Recovery steps begin with continuity of business measures during the response and are intended to restore pre-event conditions. The surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in swine and humans and the preparedness for and response to the recent influenza pandemic illustrate the cooperation possible between the animal and public health communities.     

从我国医改看动物诊疗机构的发展与监管

动物诊疗机构的发展和监管,事关动物诊疗市场秩序和兽医执业行为,事关执业兽医制度建设,事关动物疫病防控和动物卫生安全。本文从我国医改经验,尤其是对强化医疗机构传染病防治职能要求出发,基于利益相关方、社会治理理论,概述了我国动物诊疗机构发展的积极态势,也指出了机构数量和质量有待提高、诊疗服务供给零散、传染病防控义务不明确、管理体制存缺陷等发展痛点,由此提出在动物诊疗机构管理中要应树立治理理念,齐抓共管体制型和管理型改革,强化传染病防控义务,实现动物诊疗管理全覆盖等发展建议,并对下一步研究做了讨论和展望。     

牛结核病的防控

牛结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种人畜共患慢性传染病。为有效控制和净化牛结核病,切实保障畜牧业生产安全、动物产品质量安全和公共卫生安全,必须坚持预防为主、因地制宜、分类指导、逐步净化的防控方针和策略,把养殖场（户）作为防控本病的主体,不断完善奶牛养殖场生物安全体系,严格落实监测净化、检疫监管、无害化处理、应急处置等综合防控措施,积极开展场群和区域净化工作,有效清除病原,降低发病率,压缩流行范围,逐步实现防控工作总体达标。     

动物健康体系建设与公共卫生一体化构建研究

动物健康体系最初在澳大利亚和加拿大等国建立,在动物疾病防控方面起到了十分重要的作用.本文对澳大利亚已建立的动物健康体系和我国兽医医疗体制进行对比,分析在我国建立更合理的官方兽医制度和动物健康体系以加快兽医与人医公共卫生一体化进程的对策.