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1.
Diffuse iris melanoma was confirmed by light-microscopic examination in 10 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded globes from 10 cats. To determine if feline leukemia virus or a replication defective feline leukemia virus, feline sarcoma virus, was present in these anterior uveal melanomas, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for feline leukemia virus were utilized. Immunohistochemical staining for feline leukemia virus glycoprotein 70 was performed on all 10 tumors using an avidin-biotin complex technique. The DNA was extracted from each specimen and a 166-base pair region of the feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat was targeted by polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining for feline leukemia virus glycoprotein 70 and polymerase chain reaction amplification of a feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat region were negative in all cases. Feline leukemia virus/feline sarcoma virus was not detected in any neoplasms and therefore was unlikely to play a role in the tumorigenesis of these feline diffuse iris melanomas.  相似文献   

2.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of well-differentiated and anaplastic intraocular neoplasms of cats, and to develop a diagnostic algorithm for, and investigate the association of ruptured lenses with these neoplasms. Seventy-five feline globes with intraocular neoplasms were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined by light microscopy. Morphologic diagnoses included 33 intraocular sarcomas, 17 diffuse iris melanomas, 15 lymphosarcomas, three ciliary adenomas, one metastatic carcinoma, and six undifferentiated intraocular neoplasms. Sections of these globes were then stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and immunohistochemical (IHC) labels for various cellular markers. Histochemical staining and IHC labeling confirmed cellular differentiation in 73/75 neoplasms but was discordant with morphologic diagnoses in 8/75. These included four neoplasms morphologically diagnosed as lymphosarcomas but which expressed differentiation antigens consistent with melanoma (n = 3) or ciliary adenocarcinoma (n = 1), and four tumors morphologically diagnosed as intraocular sarcomas that expressed differentiation antigens for melanoma (n = 2), metastatic carcinoma (n = 1), or remained undifferentiated (n = 1). Immunohistochemical labeling suggested a diagnosis in 5/6 morphologically undifferentiated neoplasms including one intraocular sarcoma, two diffuse iridal melanomas, and two ciliary adenocarcinomas. Based upon morphologic, histochemical, and IHC characterization, ruptured lens capsules were detected in 28/30 intraocular sarcomas, 3/24 diffuse iris melanomas and 1/11 lymphosarcomas, but not in ciliary epithelial neoplasms, metastatic carcinomas, or undifferentiated intraocular neoplasms. An algorithm is provided that facilitates stain and IHC label selection for differentiating anaplastic intraocular feline neoplasms.  相似文献   

3.
Although a small number of cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma have been documented to metastasize, the prognosis is not known. In this matched observational study, the survival time of 34 cats with enucleation due to histologically confirmed diffuse iris melanoma was recorded. These results are compared to the survival times of 83 age-matched control cats. Affected cats had enucleation between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. One group of control cats with eye disease had enucleation for either lymphoplasmacytic uveitis (27 cases), ocular trauma (seven cases), or endophthalmitis (four cases). In these control cats, enucleations were performed between 2 and 10 years prior to this study. Forty-five additional control cats presented for vaccination between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. The extent of diffuse iris melanoma at the time of enucleation in affected cats was graded according to the extent of involvement of ocular tissues and the invasiveness of the tumor. Affected cats have a significantly decreased survival compared with control cats and cats with extensive tumors at the time of enucleation have the lowest survival rates. Cats with tumors confined to the iris survive at the same rate as controls. These results suggests that early enucleation is important to avoid premature death, presumed to be due to cancer metastasis in cats with diffuse iris melanoma.  相似文献   

4.
Diagnostic records from 338 canine oral melanomas in 338 dogs received at the Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (1992-1999) were reviewed. Of these tumors, 122 plus an additional 7 metastatic melanomas of unknown origin were selected for clinical follow-up, histologic review, and immunohistochemistry. Chow Chow, Golden Retriever, and Pekingese/Poodle mix breeds were overrepresented, whereas Boxer and German Shepherd breeds were underrepresented. There was no gender predisposition and the average age at presentation was 11.4 years. Forty-nine dogs were euthanized due to recurrence or metastasis. The average postsurgical survival time was 173 days. The gingiva and the labial mucosa were the most common sites. Most tumors were composed of either polygonal cells (27 cases, 20.9%), spindle cells (44 cases, 34.1%), or a mixture of the two (polygonal and spindle) (54 cases, 41.9%). Clear cell (3 cases, 2.3%) and adenoid/papillary (1 case, 0.8%) patterns were uncommon. The metastases of 6/6 oral melanomas had morphologic and immunohistochemical features similar to those of the primary tumors. Immunohistochemically, Melan A was detected in 113/122 oral (92.6%) and 5/7 (71.9%) metastatic melanomas. Only 4/163 nonmelanocytic tumors were focally and weakly positive for Melan A. Antibodies against vimentin, S100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase stained 129 (100%), 98 (76%), and 115 (89.1%) of 129 melanomas, respectively. Antibodies against other melanocytic-associated antigens (tyrosinase, glycoprotein 100) did not yield adequate staining. We conclude that Melan A is a specific and sensitive marker for canine melanomas.  相似文献   

5.
Proliferative interstitial pneumonia of undetermined cause was diagnosed in 2 dogs. The clinical signs in both dogs consisted primarily of acute onset, rapid breathing, and raspy lung sounds. Radiography revealed a diffuse increase in pulmonary alveolar density. In both dogs, the primary pathologic process was diffuse alveolar pneumocyte injury, and the pulmonary lesions were similar. Proliferation of type II pneumocytes (some of which were atypical mononucleated, and others multinucleated) was a prominent feature of the interstitial pneumonia. Because of the atypical features of some pneumocytes in such cases, biopsy findings may suggest a neoplastic process. Proliferative interstitial pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis of a diffuse pulmonary disease that is poorly responsive to medical treatment.  相似文献   

6.
Outcomes, signalments, and the relationship of histologic features with the outcome of melanomas located in lip, nail bed, and haired skin of dogs were reviewed. These melanomas were diagnosed as benign or malignant based on histologic features. Melanomas of the lip arose from mucous membrane in most cases. 32 dogs with lip melanomas that had histologic features of malignancy, 22 died because of the tumor within 1 year and 10 were tumor free for at least 1 year following removal. Of 10 dogs with melanomas with benign histologic features on the mucous membrane of the lip, 9 were tumor free for at least 1 year. Of 4 dogs with benign appearing tumors of the haired skin of the lip, 3 were tumor free for at least 1 year. Melanomas with histologic features of malignancy occurred in many locations of haired skin, and 11 of 24 dogs were tumor free for at least 1 year. All nail bed melanomas had histologic features of malignancy and all invaded the third phalanx, but 6 of 14 dogs were tumor free for at least 1 year after amputation of the digit. Among these dogs, the 1-year survival rates for tumors classified as malignant by histologic features were 69% for lip, 46% for haired skin, and 43% for nail bed. However, the clinical outcome of an individual malignant tumor could not be predicted accurately by any specific histologic features.  相似文献   

7.
Five intraocular amelanotic melanomas were identified in the National Toxicology Program's database consisting of records from more than 60,000 female and 60,000 male F344 rats, which were used as control and treated animals in 2-year carcinogenicity studies. The five spontaneous melanomas were grossly observed as white or yellow, unilateral nodules, which originated in the region of the iris and ciliary body, often also involving the choroid. These amelanotic melanomas were composed predominantly of spindle cells arranged in a whorled pattern often with perivascular orientation. Mitotic figures were common in five tumors. The spindle cells had a positive immunoreactivity for S-100 protein but were negative for desmin. Electron microscopic studies provided clear evidence that these tumors originated from the uveal melanocytes. Ultrastructurally, the spindle cells contained numerous cytoplasmic premelanosomes (stage II melanosomes) that were not associated with melanin. Special histochemical studies showed that the spindle cells had a negative reaction for melanin. Although electron microscopic features are critical in the diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas of the uveal tract, the whorled pattern of spindle cells is a useful histologic criterion in differential diagnosis of this tumor in F344 rats.  相似文献   

8.
Feline melanoma: a comparative study of ocular, oral, and dermal neoplasms   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Melanomas diagnosed in 29 cats over an 11 year period included 19 ocular (16 intraocular, three palpebral), five oral, and five dermal melanomas. Intraocular melanomas involved the ciliary body and iris in 12; the whole eye was involved in four. The average age of cats with intraocular melanomas was 11 years; the female : male ratio was 9 : 7. Histologically, eight intraocular tumors were mixed, six were epithelioid, and two were spindle cell. Ten of 16 cats (62.5%) with intraocular melanomas were killed because of the tumor at a mean of 156 days; four are living with no evidence of disease (average, 255 days). The mean time of death in cats with palpebral melanoma was 409 days. Metastasis occurred in 63% of cats with intraocular melanoma and all cats with palpebral melanoma. Four cats with oral melanoma were killed at a mean of 61 days; all had metastasis. Of five cats with cutaneous melanoma, one was killed with metastasis at 90 days; three cats were alive without evidence of recurrence or metastasis greater than 365 days after surgery. Results of this study indicate that in the cat, ocular melanomas are more common than oral and dermal melanomas, and ocular and oral melanomas are more malignant than dermal melanomas, with higher rates of mortality and metastasis.  相似文献   

9.
The biologic behavior of 179 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine melanomas was correlated with their histologic appearance. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was performed on 54 of these tumors. Histologic examination accurately predicted clinical course in 89% of the melanomas with known behavior. Flow cytometry accurately predicted behavior in 93% of tumors with diagnostic histograms and demonstrated malignant features in 100% of metastases from malignant oral tumors; histograms were non-diagnostic for 15% of tumors tested. Histologic examination, flow cytometry, and biologic behavior were in agreement for 93% of the tumors with diagnostic histograms. Interpretive problems were encountered in analyzing heavily pigmented melanomas using this flow cytometry technique.  相似文献   

10.
Diffuse neuromuscular disease occurs sporadically in dogs. The most commonly reported diffuse neuromuscular diseases are polyradiculoneuritis (coonhound paralysis), tick paralysis, botulism, and myasthenia gravis (1,2,12). This clinical report describes an atypical presentation of a diffuse neuromuscular disease in a dog.  相似文献   

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