阴山北麓农田防风固土生物篱网营建技术

针对阴山北麓农牧交错带马铃薯种植面积不断增加,冬春季节地表大面积裸露、表土疏松,与同期风大风多、降水稀少的自然特点叠加,导致土壤风蚀日趋严重的现状,在多年带状留茬间作轮作技术研究的基础上,研究集成生物篱网营建技术.研究发现,在大面积种植马铃薯田块间隔插入易留茬作物后,与残茬带间隔分布的不同带田宽度间作裸地在宽度小于8.4 m时,土壤风蚀量与大面积裸地相比有效降低;当宽度大于10.0 m后,土壤风蚀量呈直线上升趋势,但在带状留茬间作农田中隔3～5带将适宜北方旱地种植的油用向日葵按照1m(3行)的带田宽度或驼绒藜按照1m(2行)的带田宽度插入,利用油用向日葵秆或驼绒藜与作物留茬带的双重防护,可以使残茬对裸露地带的保护作用从8.4 m宽增加到15.0 m宽,解决了部分地块宽度大于8.4 m后风蚀量加大的问题.     

关于在西北地区大力推广种植驼绒藜的建议

驼绒藜是黎科驼绒藜属[Ceratoides（Tourn．）Gagnedi]半灌木植物的通称。20年来,内蒙古畜牧科学院对其进行了较为系统的研究,包括植物分类、生态生物学特性、饲用价值及其引种驯化、生态型选育、栽培技术、区域推广、染色体核型、营养器官内部构造、花粉粒形态、种子生理特性、同功酶分析等。驼绒藜的优点：①抗逆性强：抗旱、抗寒、耐瘠薄、耐风蚀、喜沙、易栽培;②饲用价值高：营养丰富、适口性好、生长速度快、产草量高;③生态效益好：繁殖力强、根系发达、防风固沙、保持水土、生长期长,是改良土壤和造林的先锋植物。这表明,在我国西北大部地区发展驼绒藜对于恢复草地植被、促进农业可持续发展以及提高生态、经济和社会效益均具有重大意义。特别是新品种“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜,其地上生物量高,生态效应好。因此,在种植时应因地制宜选种、规划,先行建立驼绒藜种子基地,以便进一步研究其果实加工处理与种子寿命延长的技术措施,从而继续培育新的优良品种。介绍了西北地区的生态现状,阐述了驼绒藜的生态生物学特性和研究现状,分析了大力种植驼绒藜的好处．并提出了在西北地区大力推广种植驼绒藜的建议。     

荒漠草原不同带间距人工柠条林平茬对林间生境的影响

研究不同带间距柠条林平茬后林间生境的变化对人工柠条中间锦鸡儿的种植和平茬饲用具有重要意义。以荒漠草原分布的4, 6和8 m带间距中间锦鸡儿林间草原为对象,于2015年4月对3种带间距柠条林进行齐地平茬,研究不同带间距中间锦鸡儿平茬后林间植被、土壤理化性质、气温、风速、风蚀量等变化。结果表明,1)8 m带间距的林间多年生草本物种比例、植被盖度和密度最高(P<0.05),6和4 m间距植被盖度密度接近;3种间距的林间地上生物量、物种多样性无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)随着带间距增加,土壤粉粒含量以及土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量总体呈现上升趋势。但土壤水分以6 m带间距最高,4 m带间距最低。3)林间平均气温以4 m带间距最高,8 m带间距最低,风速大小正好相反;土壤风蚀量呈现6 m带间距最高(P<0.05),4和8 m带间距最低。4)相关性分析表明,植物多样性与土壤有机质、全氮、粉粒含量正相关,土壤有机质含量与土壤粉粒含量、植被盖度呈正相关。研究认为,8 m人工中间锦鸡儿林种植间距对林间植被多样性增加、土壤质量改善和土壤风蚀减少更为有利。     

覆盖和粮草间作对作物氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

为了减少普通地膜和氮肥的投入,实现该地区农业生态良性循环和土壤的可持续利用,在甘肃武威试验站采用完全随机裂区设计,研究了不同种植模式（玉米单作、玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆）和覆盖方式（普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖）对玉米和绿肥作物氮素吸收以及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：覆盖和间作对作物的氮素吸收利用具有显著促进作用。玉米收获期,与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的玉米植株吸氮量分别增加21.46%,11.22%和34.63%,与玉米单作相比,玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆的玉米吸氮量分别增加6.94%和6.26%。玉米收获期,秸秆覆盖的牧草植株吸氮量较普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和无覆盖分别增加46.75%,72.31%和21.76%,间作毛苕子的吸氮量较间作箭筈豌豆增加25.26%。玉米收获期,各处理玉米带、牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量均低于牧草收获期,无论牧草收获期还是玉米收获期,单作玉米的玉米带、裸露带土壤硝态氮累积量均低于间作玉米。玉米收获期,普通地膜覆盖和生物可降解地膜覆盖的玉米带0~140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较无覆盖分别显著增加32.87%和27.82%,普通地膜覆盖的牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖分别增加9.17%、6.07%和35.45%。     

除草剂残留与飘移药害

1残留药害1．1二氯喹啉酸近年来,水田改旱田后,除草剂残留药害逐年增加,水田使用二氯喹啉酸对后茬旱田作物、蔬菜引起药害尤为突出。二氯喹啉酸推荐用量为,间隔8个月种植棉花、大豆等;间隔24个月后能种植茄科（番茄、烟草、马铃薯、茄子、辣椒等）、伞形花科（胡萝卜、荷兰芹、芹菜、欧芹、香菜等）、藜科（菠菜、甜菜等）、锦葵科（棉花、秋葵）、葫芦科（黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、南瓜等）,豆科（青豆、紫花苜蓿等）、菊科（莴苣、向日葵等）、     

土壤磷状况与苜蓿施磷肥必要性探讨

苜蓿既是重要的饲料作物，又是草田轮作的最佳草种。山西省1986年种植苜蓿面积已达156万商。苜蓿适于石灰性土壤，需钙磷又较多，而石灰性土壤磷含量、形态及施磷肥的动态变化，都对苜蓿产量、品质以及后茬施磷肥迫切性有着重要影响。因此种植苜蓿必须依土壤磷状况，做到合理施磷肥，才能跺持苜蓿优质高产，并为后茬作物丰产创造有利条件。     

玉米大垄双行覆膜栽培技术

1 选茬改垄,夹施肥料 玉米的适应性较强,对土壤和轮作的要求不严格,除甜菜和向日葵外均可种植。但要选择排水良好的地块,整地改垄时,先耙后起垄。起垄的方法是将7铧梨摘掉1个铧,左侧两垄的铧与铧之间的距离调到97．5厘米,右侧三垄铧与铧之间的距离调到65厘米,这样往返作业形成4：6的间作区。要求做到伏秋整地,结合整地每亩（667平方米）施农家肥2000千克以上。也可以在播前将大垄的垄台用犁破开,     

10种土壤处理除草剂在大豆-玉米带状复合种植田应用效果评价

为筛选适宜在大豆(Glycine max)-玉米(Zea mays)带状复合种植田使用的土壤处理除草剂，本试验选用10种药剂，进行田间小区试验，测定除草剂对杂草的防治效果及对大豆和玉米的安全性。结果表明：在推荐剂量下，精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、扑草净、噻吩磺隆、2,4-滴异辛酯对大豆、玉米安全；二甲戊灵对大豆有轻微药害，嗪草酮、西草净对大豆和玉米均有轻微药害，药后25 d恢复正常。推荐剂量下，精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、乙草胺对狗尾草和马唐防效在90%以上；唑嘧磺草胺和扑草净对反枝苋和藜防效在90%以上，其他药剂防效较低。在大豆-玉米带状复合种植田可优先选用精异丙甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、乙草胺防治禾本科杂草，选用唑嘧磺草胺或扑草净防治阔叶杂草。     

给辽宁草业提个醒

辽宁省有可利用天然草地面积4858万亩，其中牧业专用天然草地面积为3296万亩，占全省土地总面积的l 5．06％。草地饲用植物近千种，野生优良牧草320余种，其中豆科牧草120余种，禾本科100余种。退耕还牧人工草地230万亩，种植优质牧草品种10余个。为发展畜牧业生产提供了一定的物质基础。长期以来草地利用上的“滥垦、滥采、滥牧”，致使天然草地的“退化、沙化、碱化”现象非常严重，天然草地产量低、草质差，草地生态环境非常脆弱。退耕还牧的人工草地，由于人力、物力、科技投入不足，亩产青干草300-500公斤。 西部开发、种植业结构调整、加入WTO，给辽宁草业带来新的机遇和挑战 就目前情况看，我们农产品的国际竞争力是相当薄弱的，在价格竞争、质量竞争和服务竞争方面都不具有竞争优势，如果考虑到土地成本，我国每千克粮食的生产成本比美国和加拿大高出30％，一旦国内农产品市场向国外开放，许多农产品根本没有竞争力可言。而国内畜产品市场价格与国际市场比较则有20％以上的价格优势。这些均为我省草业建设和发展提供了良好的机遇。 要真正使草业建设得到发展。光有机遇不行，还必须解决目前存在的“四个不平衡”问题。一是解决草场建设与利用不平衡，目前的天然草地之所以产量低、质量差，除了自然因素外，主要是重利用，轻管理，滥采、滥牧所造成的；对于退耕还牧的人工草地，主要是人力、物力、科技投入不足。二是解决牧草供应的季节性不平衡，省内栽培牧草一般刈割两茬，头茬草刈割时正逢雨季，二茬草在霜前30天刈割，因此必须采取相应措施，保证牧草旺季不烂、淡季不淡，实现全年的均衡供应。三是解决地区性供求不平衡，目前我省的牧草产品档次低，还没有形成规模，距国内外草产品市场需求的标准还有很大的差距。四是解决牧草利用上的营养性不平衡，优质的豆科牧草富含蛋白质，在饲料配比时，适量替代草食家畜日粮中的蛋白质饲料给量，不但在营养搭配上合理，而且可降低饲养成本。 生态环境建设、草粮轮作、农闲田开发、农民增收、国内外市场需求，要求辽宁草业有一个大的发展 1、草业建设是促进生态环境建设的重要内容。2000年全省发生的百年不遇的干旱告诫我们，在土壤贫瘠、干旱严重的辽西地区必须实行“保护生态、草业先行、草林并举”的生态环境治理战略。针对辽西地区特定的自然条件，依据草地具有良好的综合生态功能和植被成因演替规律，建议将辽西地区草地建设分为生态型草地、兼用型草地和效益型草地，并相应采取“禁牧、限牧、精作”三种不同管理措施。 2、草粮轮作，促进后作增收。在全省耕地面积中约有l／3为低产田，为了大面积改良低产田，增加土壤肥力，可结合豆科牧草生产，实行“四年苜蓿、三年粮麦”的轮作制度。 3、充分开发农闲田的水、光、热、气等自然资源，提高资源利用率。全省有大量的自然资源尚待开发利用，单就果树的林下资源就有相当大的潜力。全省果园面积1120万亩，3年内幼林地种植豆科牧草的面积可达60％，盛果期牧草带面积可占30％- 40％，就按l／3计，即可人工种草400万亩。果树林下种植豆科牧草，可合理利用资源，有效利用空间，既能实现种草养畜，固氮肥地，又能使草果兼收，相得益彰。 4、加速结构调整，促进农民增收。在中、低产田种植玉米收益甚微。2000年我省彰武县兴隆堡乡刘文海种玉米20亩，种草120亩，利用牧草养牛l 0头，由于严重干旱，粮食几乎绝收，而草产品及养牛纯收入超过万元。总体看：种草收益优于种植粮食作物，在同等地力和管理条件下，种草比种玉米每亩多收入50-l00元。 5、满足国内外市场需求。我国可用于配合饲料的草产品潜在市场可达到500万吨，同时，随着我国配合饲料产量的逐年递增，对草产品的需求将不断增加。目前我国每年生产的草产品不足200万吨，从国外市场看，据有关专家调查测算，对苜蓿等商品草的年需求量约500万吨，主要是日本、韩国和东南亚地区。目前这些地区主要从美国、加拿大进口苜蓿草产品，跨洋远运，运费昂贵。我国草地资源和劳动力资源丰富，由于我省毗邻上述地区，牧草出口较北美地区有较强的地域优势。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.