迟缓爱德华氏菌的溶血特性

分析了不同来源的２８株Ｅｔ的溶血特性。分别以平板法（ＰｌａｔｅＡｓｓａｙ,ＰＡ）、接触法（ＣｏｎｔａｃｔＨｅｍｏｌｙｓｉｓ,ＣＨ）及上清法（ＳｕｐｅｒｎａｔａｎｔＡｓａｙ,ＳＡ）检测Ｅｔ的溶血性,阳性率依次为７５％、７５％、５７１４％。ＰＡ和ＣＨ的符合率为１００％。凡ＳＡ检测为阳性的,ＰＡ、ＣＨ检测皆为阳性。培养基中加入螯合剂ＥＤＤＡ造成环境缺铁,结果,约３２１４％Ｅｔ的胞外溶血素显著增加。经胰酶、热处理后,ＡＴＣＣ１５９４７株溶血活性丧失,提示Ｅｔ溶血素是一种不耐热蛋白样物质。     

蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

以纯化的蓝舌病病毒（ＢＴＶ）１１型ＶＰ７免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,动用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,借助间接ＥＬＩＳＡ筛选,获得了３株分泌抗ＢＴＶ１１ ＶＰ７的群特异性单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为Ｃ１２Ｄ９、Ｂ４Ｆ３、Ｅ１Ａ７。这３株杂交瘤细胞株连续传代３个月再经液氮冻存６个月后复苏培养,仍能稳定分泌特异性ＭｃＡｂ。３株ＭｃＡｂ均具有ＥＬＩＳＡ特性和免疫沉淀特性,其中Ｃ１２Ｄ９株上清液的ＥＬＩＳ     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株VP2基因高可变区酶切位点分析

参照澳大利亚鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ）００２７３ 毒株基因组序列设计的 １ 对引物,位于 Ｖ Ｐ２ 高可变区两端,通过 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ,扩增了 ５ 个 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 山东分离株 Ｖ Ｐ２ 基因的 ６０７～１ ０８０ 位核苷酸片段（ａａ２０３～３０６）。 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物经纯化后,分别用 Ｄｒａ Ⅰ、 Ｓａｃ Ⅰ、 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ、 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ和 Ｓａｕ３ Ａ Ｉ共 ５ 种限制性内切酶（ Ｒ Ｅ）进行消化处理,结果 ５ 个分离株均为 Ｄｒａ Ⅰ（－ ）、 Ｓａｃ Ⅰ（－ ）和 Ｓａｕ ３ Ａ Ｉ（＋ ）, Ｌ Ｃ２ 和 Ｔ Ａ 株为 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ（＋ ）, Ｌ Ｃ１ 和 Ｊ Ｎ 株为 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ（－ ）, Ｌ Ｃ１ 和 Ｌ Ｃ２ 株为 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ（＋ ）, Ｊ Ｎ、 Ｌ Ｌ 和 Ｔ Ａ 株为 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ（－ ）;５ 个分离株的酶切图谱与美国变异株迥异,而 Ｔ Ａ 株与日本超强毒株 ９０１１ 相类似。５ 个分离株与现用疫苗株对比,至少在 Ｖ Ｐ２ 可变区内存在着一定的差异,这可能是 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 接种免疫鸡群仍然暴发 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ 的原因之一。     

青海藏羊血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省三角城种羊场和达日县的１９６份藏羊血样进行了血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究。结果发现：①在被检藏羊的血清运铁蛋白位点上共发现ＴＦ￣Ｉ，ＴＦ￣Ａ，ＴＦ￣Ｇ，ＴＦ￣Ｂ，ＴＦ￣Ｌ，ＴＦ￣Ｃ，ＴＦ￣Ｄ，ＴＦ￣Ｍ，ＴＦ￣Ｅ，ＴＦ￣Ｑ和ＴＦ￣Ｐ１１个等位基因，其中ＴＦＣ（０．３２４０），ＴＦ￣Ｂ（０．２６７９）和ＴＦ￣Ｄ（０．２１６８）为优势等位基因；②共发现ＴＦＩＥ，ＴＦＡＡ，ＴＦＡＢ，ＴＦＡＣ，ＴＦＡＤ，ＴＦＡＭ，ＴＦＧＢ，ＴＦＧＬ，ＴＦＧＣ，ＴＦＧＤ，ＴＦＢＢ，ＴＦＢＣ，ＴＦＢＤ，ＴＦＢＭ，ＴＦＬＣ，ＴＦＬＤ，ＴＦＬＥ，ＴＦＣＣ，ＴＦＣＤ，ＴＦＣＥ，ＴＦＣＱ，ＴＦＣＰ，ＴＦＤＤ，ＴＦＤＭ，ＴＦＤＥ和ＴＦＤＱ２６种基因型，其中ＴＦＢＣ（２０．４１％）、ＴＦＣＣ（１３．７８％）和ＴＦＢＤ（１１．７４％）为优势基因型。     

嗜水气单胞菌与迟缓爱德华氏菌亚单位二联疫苗对小鼠的免疫效果

将嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｈ）Ｊ－１株的ＨＥＣ毒素和胞外蛋白酶（ＥＣＰ）分别与迟缓爱德华氏菌（Ｅｔ）３８株的脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）及脱毒多糖（ＰＳ）偶联,制成３种亚单位二联疫苗;ＨＥＣ－ＰＳ、ＨＥＣ－ＬＰＳ。将它们与ＡｈＪ－１和Ｅｔ３８全菌灭活疫苗一同分别免疫小鼠,并设注射ＰＢＳ对照组,检测各组小鼠体液免疫及细胞免疫水平。结果显示,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ、溶血抑制和全菌凝集试验检出这３种亚单位疫苗的抗体水平无明显差异     

兔轮状病毒致细胞病变株的分离鉴定

用ＭＡ－１０４细胞培养，结合电镜和ＲＮＡ电泳检查，自幼兔腹泻粪便中分离鉴定出一株致细胞病变的兔轮状病毒ＡＤ７．４株，该株传至第４代时，于３６小时开始出现细胞病变效应（ＣＰＥ）；传至第７代时，于２４小时ＣＰＥ达７５％，以上，且病毒滴度为１０＾５．０ＴＣＩＤ５０／０．１ｍｌ。     

直接法和差量法评定鱼粉对鹅的营养价值

本文以鱼粉为研究对象,研究直接法和差量法对测定鹅真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）、常规养分代谢率的影响,以评定鹅饲粮中鱼粉的营养价值。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,分别选取 ２６０日龄健康五龙鹅和青农灰鹅各 ４２只（公）,各设 ７个组,每组 ２个重复,每个重复 ３只鹅,单笼饲养。对照组采用直接法,饲粮中不添加玉米淀粉;６个试验组采用差量法,分别在饲粮中添加２０％、３０％、５０％、６０％、７０％、８０％的玉米淀粉替代鱼粉。代谢试验采用全收粪法。结果表明：１）与对照组（直接法）相比,采用差量法测得的五龙鹅和青农灰鹅品种内 ６个试验组的 ＴＭＥ及粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）、青农灰鹅的粗脂肪（ＥＥ）、部分氨基酸（ＡＡ）、粗纤维（ＣＦ）、中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ）、酸性洗涤纤维（ＡＤＦ）的代谢率显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）差量法组间比较的结果表明,五龙鹅和青农灰鹅 ７０％玉米淀粉组的 ＴＭＥ及 ＣＰ、ＥＥ、部分 ＡＡ、ＣＦ、ＮＤＦ、ＡＤＦ、钙（Ｃａ）、磷（Ｐ）的代谢率均显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;８０％玉米淀粉组营养代谢率呈下降趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３）青农灰鹅对鱼粉的 ＴＭＥ及 ＣＰ、ＥＥ、部分 ＡＡ的代谢率显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）或极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）高于五龙鹅;五龙鹅的 ＮＤＦ、ＡＤＦ、ＣＦ的代谢率显著高于青农灰鹅（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见,采用差量法测定鹅鱼粉的营养成分代谢率效果优于直接法,并且以 ７０％玉米淀粉的添加比例数据稳定性最好,且鹅饲粮中的鱼粉养分代谢率品种间存在差异。     

弓形虫主要表面抗原P30基因克隆与表达

将液氮保存的弓形虫 Ｎ Ｔ 株经小鼠复壮后，取腹腔液提取弓形虫基因组 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ，采用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法从弓形虫 Ｎ Ｔ 株中扩增出约 ８００ ｂｐ 的片段。产物经 Ｅｃｏ Ｒ Ｉ和 Ｘｂａ Ｉ酶切后，克隆到 ｐ Ｕ Ｃ１９ 载体中，构建了 ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｐ３０ 非融合表达质粒和 ｐ Ｅ Ｔ Ｐ３０ 融合表达质粒。ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｐ３０ 转化到宿主菌 Ｄ Ｈ５α、ｐ Ｅ Ｔ Ｐ３０ 转化到宿主菌 Ｂ Ｌ２１ （ Ｄ Ｅ３）后，分别经温控诱导和 Ｉ Ｐ Ｔ Ｇ 诱导，产物经 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 分析，ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｐ３０ 未发现表达产物，ｐ Ｅ Ｔ Ｐ３０ 出现约 ３０ ０００ 的产物。 Ｗ ｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 显示，该蛋白与兔抗弓形虫血清发生特异性反应；薄层扫描显示，该蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 ２０％ 以上。     

一种新的检测牛种布鲁氏菌抗体的方法—荧光极化法（FPA）

目前检测牛种布鲁氏菌（Ｂｒｕｃｅｌａａｂｏｒｔｕｓ）抗体常用的血清学方法有缓冲平板抗原试验（ＢＰＡＴ）、补体结合试验（ＣＦＴ）、间接酶联免疫试验（Ｉ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）和竞争酶联免疫试验（Ｃ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）。本文介绍的荧光极化法（ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｐｏ...     

用反转录聚合酶链反应检测禽呼肠孤病毒的研究

本文报告了建立反转录聚合酶链反应（ Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ）检测禽呼肠孤病毒（ Ａ Ｒ Ｖ）的方法,根据禽呼肠孤病毒 Ｓ１１３３ 毒株 Ｓ１ 基因序列,设计合成两对引物,用 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 技术对 ６ 株禽呼肠孤病毒国际标准株进进行了检测。结果两对引物对 ６ 株 Ａ Ｒ Ｖ 均可扩增出与预期大小相符 ５３２ｂｐ 和 ４３５ｂｐ 的 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物,而对其它 ６ 种禽病病原核酸的扩增结果均为阴性;该 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 可以检测出 １ｐｇ 的 Ａ Ｒ Ｖ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 模板。     

迟缓爱德华氏菌检验程序的研究

本试验研究了迟缓德华氏菌（Edwardsiellatrada,Et）的细菌学及致病因子检测,确定了相应检测指标,制定了检验程序。对不同来源的Et作分离及生化鉴定,确定10项生化鉴定指标。用三种方法即平板法（PlateAssay,PA）、接触法（ContactHemolysis,CH）和上清法（SunernatantAs－say,SA）检测Et溶血素,阳性率依次为75％、75％、57．14％。28株Et中,18／26的胞外产物（Extra－cellularProducts,ECP）对HEP－2细胞有细胞毒性,17／28菌株有侵袭力。用ATCC15947株ECP的抗血清进行Det－ELISA,检测阳性率为19／26（73．08％）。     

Comparative antigenic analysis of extracellular proteins of Bacteroides nodosus isolated from virulent and benign ovine footrot

Antigens in the extracellular protein (ECP) complexes of Bacteroides nodosus, isolated from sheep with either benign or virulent footrot, were studied by immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). Rabbit antisera against ECP from virulent and benign strains, were used in homologous and heterologous crossed IEP. Four precipitin peaks unique to the virulent strain, and five peaks unique to the benign strain were identified. In an attempt to characterize the different antigens in ECP, rabbit antisera were raised against an outer membrane protein (OMP, mol. wt. 35 000 daltons), pili and various proteases of virulent and benign strains of B. nodosus. No precipitin band was observed when ECP from both B. nodosus strains were reacted against anti-OMP and anti-pilus antisera. However, single precipitin bands unique to one protease from the benign strain and one protease from the virulent strain were identified. The results suggest that specific antigens other than proteases or pili are important in determining whether a B. nodosus isolate is virulent or benign.     

Characteristics of cytotoxic cells induced by Toxoplasma lysate antigen in mouse spleen.

Spleen cells from Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA)-sensitized BALB/c mice showed the strong cytotoxic activity against both natural killer (NK)-sensitive cells (YAC-1 and RL male-1) and NK-insensitive cells (P-815), when incubated with TLA or recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2). The increment of TLA concentration in culture medium increased the cytotoxic activity. Treatment of effector cells; spleen cells from TLA-sensitized mice incubated with TLA, with anti-asialo GM1 or anti-Thy-1 plus complement inhibited the cytotoxic activity of effector cells, whereas treatment with anti-mouse Lyt-2.2 serum plus complement had no effect on the cytotoxic activity. Treatment of spleen cells from TLA-sensitized mice with anti-asialo GM1 and/or anti-Thy-1 plus complement inhibited cytotoxic activities of effector cells. These results suggested that spleen cells sensitized with TLA both in vivo and in vitro were asialo GM1 positive and Thy-1 positive, and the majority of cytotoxic cells induced by TLA were similar to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced by IL-2.     

3株嗜水气单胞菌弱毒株的毒力相关特性分析

对健康鲫鱼和水体环境中分离的3株嗜水气单胞菌NJ-4、NJ-13和CS-13的毒力相关特性进行分析。采用PCR技术检测该菌5种主要毒力基因：气溶素（aer）、细胞毒性肠毒素（act）、细胞兴奋性肠毒素（alt）、温敏胞外蛋白酶（eprCAI）和丝氨酸蛋白酶（ahp）,并进行溶血性、溶蛋白性、细胞毒性、细胞黏附特性和主要外膜蛋白（MOMP）图谱分析,以及斑马鱼致病性试验。结果显示：NJ-4不合上述5种毒力基因,NJ-13只含有ahp基因,CS-13仅具备aer基因。3个菌株培养上清均不溶血、不溶蛋白;NJ-4和CS-13培养上清不能致细胞病变,NJ-13上清对细胞的毒力效价达1：128;而强毒株BSK-10培养上清的溶血价、溶蛋白效价和细胞毒力效价分别为1：128、1：256和1：256。NJ-4、NJ13和CS-13对HEp-2细胞有一定的黏附能力,但与强毒株BSK-10相比,黏附能力较弱。NJ-4、NJ-13和CS-13的培养液上清均不致斑马鱼死亡,菌体有一定致病作用,对斑马鱼的LD50超过10^8CFU／mL;而BSK-10培养上清和菌体致病性均很强,菌体对斑马鱼的LD50小于10^5CFU／mL。NJ-4、CS-13的MOMP条带与BSK-10相似度很高,而与NJ-13有一定差别,可能与菌株的来源有一定关系。结果表明,3株细菌均属弱毒株,特别是NJ-4的毒力最弱。     

Virulence, cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from cultivated salmonid fish in Sweden

Extracellular products in culture filtrates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and Vibrio anguillarum isolated from infected fish have been shown to possess skin inflammatory factor. The extracellular products from Vibrio anguillarum were cytotoxic in HeLa and CHO cells. In addition to the skin lesions, the culture filtrates of V. anguillarum caused necrotic reaction on the rabbit skin. Five of 6 strains of V. anguillarum were lethal to mice after intraperitoneal administration of 3×10⁷ CFU. Only 1 strain of 5 A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes produced extracellular products which elicited cytotoxic effects in the CHO cells. None of the A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strains were lethal to mice. The cytotoxins were inactivated when heated at 65°C for 30 min. The results indicate that the thermolabile exotoxins are non-enterotoxic since they failed to stimulate fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop and did not cause elongation of the CHO cells. The rounding off of CHO cells, as well as of HeLa cells indicate that the exotoxins may play an important role in fish diseases.     

Production of the vacuolation factor of Bacillus cereus isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning.

Vacuole response in HEp-2 cells was induced with culture supernatants of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from outbreaks of vomiting- and diarrheal-type food poisoning grown in rice flour and laboratory media. High vacuole response was obtained with culture supernatants of B. cereus strains isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning grown in cooked rice suspension or on a cooked rice plate, whereas no response was obtained with those of the same strains grown in brain heart infusion and trypto-soya broth media. The vacuole activity appeared only after spore formation of B. cereus. The activity was stable to proteolytic enzymes, heating, and exposing to pH 2.0 and 11.0. Of 124 strains isolated from B. cereus food poisoning that were tested, the vacuole activity was observed by 68 of 110 (61.8%) of the strains isolated from the vomiting-type food poisoning but not by all strains (14 strains) from diarrheal-type ones. Moreover, the vacuole response in the HEp-2 cells was found to be induced by 56 of 76 (73.7%) of the serotype H-1 strains isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning.     

Cross protection studies on Bordetella bronchiseptica in mice using an intracerebral challenge model.

Protective activities of heat-inactivated (60 degrees C for 30 min) merthiolate preserved Bordetella bronchiseptica and B. pertussis bacterins were compared in intraperitoneally immunized mice challenged intracerebrally (i.p./i.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p./i.p.). In the i.p./i.c. assay (Kendrick test), a B. pertussis bacterin protected mice against challenge with B. pertussis 18-323, as well as against phase I cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic strains of B. bronchiseptica. A B. bronchiseptica bacterin, prepared from a phase I cytotoxic strain, gave protection against two phase I B. bronchiseptica strains, irrespective of their cytotoxin-production. A non-cytotoxic phase I strain of B. bronchiseptica elicited protection against the homologous strain only. Neither cytotoxic nor non-cytotoxic B. bronchiseptica strains protected mice challenged with B. pertussis 18-323. Vaccines prepared from phase III strains of B. bronchiseptica were not protective at all against any of the challenge strains. No such differences in the protective activities of the bacterins could be detected by the i.p./i.p. method. They seem to cross-protect equally well. The results indicate that the Kendrick test may be useful in testing potency of different B. bronchiseptica bacterins.     

The humoral immune response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) immunised by various regimes and preparations of Aeromonas salmonicida antigens

Antibody production in rainbow trout to extracellular antigens was investigated. The following antigen preparations and immunisation regimes were used: native extracellular products (ECP) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), intraperitoneally (i.p.) with and without booster; formalinized ECP in FCA, i.p. with and without booster; washed, formalinized A. salmonicida cells in FCA, i.p., with booster; native ECP in saline, i.m., four weekly injections at two different doses, 45 micrograms and 6 micrograms each injection (after the protocol of Shieh, 1985). Using crossed normal rainbow trout serum, i.p., single injection (after the protocol of Sakai, 1985). Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis all antisera contained precipitating antibodies to three to five ECP components except that from fish immunised i.m. with 6 micrograms protein where antibodies were undetectable. In no case were specific antibodies to ECP protease or haemolysin detected. In a rabbit immunised with formalinized ECP in FCA under a similar regime to the rainbow trout, antibodies to at least 15 ECP components, including protease and haemolysin, were detected. The assumption of a specific immune response to the protease, at least in respect of antibody production, in recent reports of protection afforded by vaccines composed of either crude ECP or partially purified protease (Shieh, 1985) or partially purified protease inactivated by normal serum (Sakai, 1985) is not supported by the present findings.     

Immunologic and genetic characterization of S180, a cell line of murine origin capable of growing in different inbred strains of mice

Some of the immunologic and genetic properties of the cell line S180 have been examined. These cells grew without restrictions in the peritoneal cavity of different inbred strains of mice and invariably killed the animals. With Northern blots it was demonstrated that S180 cells contained class I mRNAs but failed to transcribe B2m genes. However, under experimental conditions, a protective humoral immune response mediated by cytotoxic antibodies and complement against S180 cells was obtained through non-H-2 antigens in C57BL/6J mice.