玉林市奶山羊隐性乳房炎调查及病原菌鉴定与耐药分析

正奶山羊乳房炎是指奶山羊的乳房受到了物理、化学、微生物等因素刺激所引起的一种炎性疾病,主要表现为乳汁发生理化性质及细菌学变化、乳腺组织发生病理学变化。根据临床症状,该病可分为临床乳房炎和隐性乳房炎,是当前影响养羊业发展的最主要疾病之一。以前我国奶山羊饲养主要集     

奶山羊乳房炎的综合防治措施与建议

通过对奶山羊乳房炎类型、致病菌、发病原因进行详细阐述,综合性研究与探讨奶山羊乳房炎的治疗和预防措施,得出该病预防重于治疗的根本原则。要重点加强奶山羊的饲养管理工作,对奶山羊乳房炎采取综合治疗措施。应用抗生素治疗时,应采用药敏试验,以选择正确、高效的药物。     

奶山羊乳房炎的中西药防治

乳房炎是奶山羊母羊的常见多发病，严重的影响奶的产量及质量。本文介绍中西药防治奶山羊乳房炎的办法以供广大养殖户参考。     

乳炎必治注射液对母畜乳房炎的疗效观察

乳房炎是各种哺乳动物的一种常见病和多发病 ,常给畜牧业造成较大的经济损失。母畜 (包括奶牛、奶山羊、母猪、母兔 )的乳房炎主要是由于产前、产后乳头受病原菌和污物的污染或仔畜吸乳不当等因素引起。奶牛和奶山羊也常因挤乳不当而致乳房炎。母畜患乳房炎后 ,体温常升高 1～ 3℃ ,精神萎靡 ,食欲减少或不食 ,喜卧 ,乳房出现发热、红肿、疼痛 ,仔畜吮乳时母畜闪避。严重时出现乳房坚硬、充血、肿胀 ,甚至溃疡、靡烂、乳汁不通或阻塞。部分病畜从阴道内流出呈乳白色的粘液 ,有便秘、尿黄等症状。此病既影响母畜的健康 ,又影响仔畜的吮乳 ,若…     

两种检测方法在云南奶山羊隐性乳房炎检测中的应用研究

以云南高原圭山山脉一带高床全舍饲的萨能奶山羊、关中奶山羊、努比奶山羊和放牧加补饲的圭山奶山羊4个品种为研究对象,采用体细胞计数法(SCC)和凝乳法对奶山羊隐性乳房炎进行检测。结果表明:两种方法检测4个奶山羊品种隐性乳房炎阳性率差异均不显著(P>0.05),凝乳法体细胞测定结果与体细胞检测结果阳性符合率达92%以上。4个奶山羊品种体细胞数差异也不显著(P>0.05)。两种检测方法都可以用来进行云南高原地区奶山羊隐性乳房炎的检测。隐性乳房炎阳性率与体细胞数间为负相关,且差异不显著。凝乳法具有操作简便、试剂廉价、准确率高、便于现场检测等优点。     

奶山羊乳房炎的综合防治

奶山羊乳房炎是奶山羊乳腺发生的一种炎症,能引起腺体组织肿胀、充血、奶质变性,甚至出现全身症状.营口熊岳镇的奶山羊养殖户较多,但主要以农户散养或小规模饲养为主.近年来,养殖户陆续来本校兽医院诊治乳房炎疾病,此病的发生给养殖户造成一定的经济损失.因此,为了促进奶山羊业的健康发展就必须抓好奶山羊乳房炎的综合防治.     

羊乳房炎的防治

羊乳房炎是奶山羊最常见的一种疾病。引起乳房炎的因素很多,主要是环境卫生不良、消毒不严、违规操作,致使金色葡萄球菌或链球菌侵入引起。一些疾病如结核杆菌病、放线菌病、口蹄疫以及子宫疾病等都可继发乳房炎。     

胎次、乳房炎及脂肪对奶山羊产奶性能的影响

为了明确产羔胎次、乳房炎、脂肪因素对奶山羊产奶性能的影响,试验在青岛某种羊场测定了奶山羊日产奶量及主要乳成分。结果表明:胎次对崂山奶山羊日产奶量有明显影响,在3胎之内随着胎次的增加日产奶量有增加的趋势,日产奶量以3胎为最高,极显著高于1胎(P0.01);乳房炎对脂肪率有显著影响(P0.05);饲喂脂肪对提高乳脂率有积极作用,但差异不显著(P0.05),对乳蛋白率的影响也差异不显著(P0.05)。     

奶山羊隐性乳房炎诊断方法的比较试验

乳房炎是乳用家畜最重要的一种疾病,迄今为止,已有不少的诊断方法问世,但在过去的资料中,绝大多数仅对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行诊断,然而这些方法是否适用于奶山羊报道极少,适用于边远山区养羊户自行诊断方法,尚来见到。为求一种操作简单、判定准确,山区农民也能掌握的奶山羊隐性乳房炎诊断方法,我们参照奶牛、奶山羊隐性乳房炎的某些资料,于1990年3—6月,在雅安市中里、下里、陇西等乡作了奶山羊     

北安地区泌乳奶山羊乳房炎发病情况的调查与分析

北安市近年来随着奶山羊饲养量逐年增多,乳房炎时有发生。但是泌乳奶山羊乳房炎的发病及损失情况不详,为了摸清其发病及损失情况,我们对北安地区部分泌乳奶山羊乳房炎进行了实地调查,现报告如下。 1 调查对象及方法 1.1 调查对象及调查范围 从1990～1993年(5～7月份)间,选择8个乡镇泌乳奶山羊为调查对象。     

奶牛乳腺炎无乳链球菌的分离鉴定

无乳链球菌是比较常见的导致奶牛乳腺炎的病原菌,该菌也是山羊、绵羊慢性乳房炎的病原菌之一,也能引起婴儿败血症、脑膜炎和肺炎等。人医临床上对该菌以B群链球菌相称。试验从内蒙古呼和浩特市周边5个牛场中患有乳房炎的病牛中采集120份乳样,通过分菌培养、形态学观察、生化试验,鉴定出14株无乳链球菌,同时对这14株菌进行了药物敏感试验、动物致病性试验等。试验结果发现,所分离到的无乳链球菌对青霉素类、氨基糖苷类药物高度敏感,对磺胺类、氟哌酸、喹诺酮类药物中度敏感。动物致病性试验对小鼠的致死率达到80%以上。     

Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in mares

Infection and inflammation of the udder (mastitis) is a common condition affecting all domestic mammals, but it appears to be less prevalent in mares than in dairy cows and dairy goats. The seemingly reduced incidence of mastitis in mares can be partially explained by the smaller size and relatively concealed location of the mare’s udder, coupled with a smaller storage capacity than cows and goats. Mastitis can affect lactating, peripartum, dry mares, mares at dry-off or prepubertal foals. Common clinical signs include swollen mammary tissue, abnormal mammary gland secretion, fever and anorexia; less common signs are hindlimb lameness and a swollen mammary vein. On rare occasions, mastitis pathogens can severely affect the nursing foal and mares may develop fibrotic tissue and consequent agalactia in the side(s) or quarter(s) affected. Based on the clinical presentation, mastitis can be classified as acute or chronic, and clinical or subclinical. Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs aided with aerobic culture and cytological evaluation of the gland secretion. In addition, these ancillary tests can also be used to assess prognosis and duration of treatment. Mares suffering from mastitis may present neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. Treatment for mastitis includes antimicrobial therapy (systemic and/or locally), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, frequent milking and cold hosing with/without hot-packing applied on the gland. While the frequent monitoring of mares after weaning and reducing food intake should be part of common practices at weaning, cleaning of the udder, control of insect populations and frequent milking of mares with a foal unable to nurse can also aid in preventing mastitis.     

关中奶山羊乳房炎灭活菌苗的制备及其免疫效果测定

对自制乳房炎疫苗免疫后的抗体效价进行评估.用甲醛37℃过夜灭活大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌,分别制备蜂胶灭活疫苗、转移因子灭活苗及无佐剂疫苗,接种泌乳期奶山羊后,分别在不同时间采集免疫羊的血清和乳汁,ELISA测定血清大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌的抗体效价.研究结果显示,大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌经甲醛灭活彻底;与免疫前相比,血清和乳汁中的...     

Mastitis and other diseases of the goat's udder.

Udder problems of modern dairy goats are similar to those seen in dairy cows. Anomalies of the goat's udder and teats are common, and many may be hereditary. Skin diseases of the udder include viral infections, mange, sunburn, wounds, and staphylococcal dermatitis. There are numerous known causes of caprine mastitis. These include streptococci, hemolytic and nonhemolytic staphylococci, corynebacteria, and mycoplasmas. Diagnosis of mastitis in goats is often difficult, as the udder secretion may remain grossly normal and somatic cell counts in nonmastitic goats are higher than the recognized normal range for cows. The importance of nonhemolytic staphylococcal cultures remains uncertain. Nonhemolytic staphylococci were isolated at the New York State Mastitis Laboratory from 30% of normal halves and from 22% of halves of udders from goats with assorted clinical problems. Treatment and prophylaxis of caprine mastitis closely parallel the standard technique recommended for bovine mastitis.     

关中奶山羊乳房炎病理模型的建立

为建立关中奶山羊乳房炎模型,用分离的乳房炎病原菌,按照大肠埃希菌3×103 cfu/mL、金黄色葡萄球菌3×102 cfu/mL剂量,分别对关中奶山羊进行乳头管灌注.在不同时间点,观察测定产奶量、精神状况、食欲、乳汁外观、乳房性状、体温、体细胞数(LMT法)等指标,并进行病理学检查和病原菌分离鉴定.结果显示,攻菌后奶山...     

体细胞计数及其在降低奶牛乳房炎发病率方面的应用

介绍奶牛体细胞计数的概念、特征、测量方法、体细胞值所受到的影响及其在乳制品行业的应用,尤其是在降低奶牛乳房炎发病方面,用体细胞值作为一种遗传性状进行选择以提高奶牛对乳房炎抗性的应用。     

B‐Mode and Doppler Sonography of the Mammary Glands in Dairy Goats for Mastitis Diagnosis

This study aimed to evaluate the sonographic characteristics of the udder and teats and to determine the Doppler indexes of mammary artery in healthy and undergoing subclinical and clinical mastitis goats. Thirty animals among Saanen and Alpine Brown goats were arranged in three groups, healthy goats (HG), goats with subclinical mastitis (SMG) and goats with clinical mastitis (CMG). Using the B‐mode, the sonographic characteristics (echotexture and echogenicity) and biometry (diameter and area of the udder cistern, diameter and area of the teat cistern and thickness of the teat wall) were evaluated. Using Doppler ultrasonography, the vascular indexes of the mammary artery were obtained. It was observed hyperechogenicity with solid component in the gland cistern when comparing animals with clinical mastitis and healthy mammary tissue. Regarding the echotexture of the breast tissue, there was heterogeneity in the mammary parenchyma on the three groups, for the milk, it was observed homogeneity for animals on HG and SMG and heterogeneity for animals on CMG. Grey‐scale quantitative assessment revealed increase in echogenicity (mean value) for all the structures when comparing the three groups. Biometry did not reveal statistical difference between groups, for none of the evaluated structures. Doppler examination of the mammary artery showed the decrease of end diastolic velocity and raise of pulsatility index between groups. The association of B‐mode and Doppler ultrasonography is useful for the evaluation of the udder of dairy goats with mastitis. It is a sensitive and specific method for the study of this disease. Doppler mode was unable to establish reliable criteria for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. Moreover, the quantification of echogenicity is a useful technique for the evaluation of the milk in animals with mastitis; therefore, it is suggested that it can be used as complementary technique for the diagnosis of mastitis in goats.     

Parturient paresis and hypocalcemia in ruminant livestock

Parturient paresis (hypocalcemia) is most likely to affect dairy cattle around the time of parturition. It causes progressive neuromuscular dysfunction and flaccid paralysis. Older dairy cows, cows with a history of parturient paresis during a previous lactation, high-producing cows, and cows from the Jersey and Guernsey breeds are at highest risk for developing parturient paresis. Nonparturient hypocalcemia may also occur and is related to events other than parturition, such as severe stress, that temporarily overwhelm the mechanisms of calcium homeostasis. Beef cattle, sheep, and goats are affected less frequently by hypocalcemia than are dairy cows. Because these species are not as stressed for milk production as dairy cattle, nonparturient hypocalcemia makes up a higher proportion of cases in nondairy ruminants. Clinical signs of hypocalcemia in beef cattle, sheep, and goats tend toward hyperesthesia and tetany rather than the classic flaccid paralysis that occurs in dairy cattle with parturient hypocalcemia. Prompt and effective treatment of hypocalcemia helps to reduce the incidence of secondary complications, such as muscle damage or mastitis. The standard treatment regimen of 500 ml of 23 per cent calcium gluconate, administered intravenously, will elicit a favorable response in approximately 75 per cent of recumbent cows within 2 hours of treatment. Relapses following successful initial therapy are common and may be prevented in part by supplementation of intravenous treatment with an additional 500 ml of 23 per cent calcium gluconate administered subcutaneously. Proper nursing care following treatment speeds recovery and reduces the incidence of secondary complications owing to hypocalcemia.     

NF-κB信号通路调控奶牛乳腺炎的分子作用机制

乳腺炎通常是由微生物感染引起的乳腺炎症反应,是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,可导致牛奶产量及品质下降,奶牛利用年限减少,严重地影响着牧场的经济效益。近年来,学者们在奶牛乳腺炎分子调节机制方面开展了大量研究,发现NF-κB及其信号通路可参与调控多个免疫相关基因的表达,在细胞炎症反应和免疫应答等过程起关键性作用,也是奶牛乳腺炎研究的热点。本文阐述了奶牛乳腺炎的病因和病理变化,以及NF-κB信号通路与机体免疫的关系,并重点综述了mRNA、非编码RNA（miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA）及生物活性物质通过NF-κB信号通路调控奶牛乳腺炎的最新研究进展,为奶牛乳腺炎的分子调控网络解析、抗乳腺炎分子育种与生物活性药物研发提供参考。     

Physical examination and palpation findings of mammary glands and indications of udder health in goat milk]

In dairy goats there is less evidence for relationships between udder form traits, results of physical udder examinations and mastitis indicators in the milk than in dairy cows. In 413 goats (predominantly Weisse Deutsche Edelziege and Bunte Deutsche Edelziege) from five herds (free from C.A.E.) repeated investigations of 2537 udder halves and fore milk samples were carried out in order to compare udder traits with findings in the milk. Less than 20% positive bacteriological findings and a low incidence of clinical mastitis testified a good clinical udder health status of the herds. Small teat-floor distances, loose hanging of the udders and bottle-shaped teats, findings which tended to become more frequent as lactation and lactation numbers progressed, indurative alterations of the mammary tissues and the teats tended to be connected with higher milk cell counts (> 1 million/microliter), more polymorphonuclear milk cells (> 40%), higher electrical milk conductivity (> 6.8 mS/cm) and lower milk lactose content (< 4.6%). A similar effect had a bad state of foot trimming. It is proposed to include the studied udder traits into herd health programs and breeding schemes for goats.