共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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家畜的性别控制技术对提高畜牧业生产水平和经济效益具有重要意义,也是畜牧界数十年来研究的热点之一。然而,家禽的性别控制和性别鉴别远比家畜复杂,在家禽生产中伴性遗传和泄殖腔鉴别法仍然是性别鉴定的主要方法。随着性别控制理论和试验研究的进展,目前产生了多种方法对家禽胚胎的进行性别鉴别。如何尽早的鉴别出鸡胚的性别是研究的重点之一。本文就近年来产生的鸡胚性别鉴别的主要方法作一综述。 相似文献
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周同山 《北方牧业(奶牛)》2009,(1)
性别控制对人类和动物尤其是家畜的育种和生产有着深远的意义。家畜的性别控制是提高畜牧业经济效益的重要途径。本文介绍了奶牛的性别控制的意义、方法、存在问题、研究现状以及应用前景。 相似文献
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家畜胚胎性别鉴定的分子生物学方法及现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
家畜胚胎的早期性别鉴定技术是家畜性别控制技术的一个重要途径,也是家畜胚胎移殖技术的一项重要内容,随着胚胎冷冻,切割及核移殖技术等的发展,家畜的性别控制技术愈来愈显得重要。它一直是畜牧生产和科研关注的热点。本文就家畜胚胎性别鉴定的意义、分子生物学方法及研究现状等方面加以综述。1性别控制的意义通过家畜胚胎早期性别鉴定实现性别控制,一方面能大大提高畜牧业的经济效益、由于人工授精技术的普及,公畜的需要量越来越少。因此,奶牛、奶山羊、犬、兔,都以雌性价值高。而在实际生产中,根据生产的实际需要,也需人为地控… 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(9)
畜牧生产中,人为控制家畜出生性别可降低生产成本,提高经济效益。作者综述了国内外家畜性别控制的生物学机制、途径、方法及存在的问题和发展前景,为性别控制技术在家畜实际生产中的广泛应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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家畜性别控制研究现状与展望 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文综述了国内外家畜性别控制的途径,方法及进展情况,并着重叙述了胚胎性别鉴定的发展过程,研究现状,应用前景及存在的问题,指出:在家畜性别控制中,以PCR技术进行胚胎的性别鉴定为最有效的方法。 相似文献
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Darío Moreira-Arce Carolina S. Ugarte Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez Javier A. Simonetti 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(3):389-394
Predation on domestic animals by carnivores is a persistent problem wherever carnivores and livestock co-occur. A wide range of management tools to reduce predation has been invoked. However, the evidence of their effectiveness is still limited for a broader range of species and conditions. Using a global analysis of domestic animal predation by native carnivores under a “before-after/control-impact” framework, we assessed the effectiveness of management techniques used to reduce domestic animal predation identifying knowledge gaps and research needs. We reviewed 291 predation cases in 149 studies published between 1990 and 2017 involving 47 carnivores. Lethal control is the most common method to reduce predation in comparison with nonlethal techniques. Yet the effectiveness of both approaches remains poorly evaluated (30.1% of study cases) and largely based on producers’ perceptions (70% of cases where effectiveness was evaluated). Lethal control and night confinement of domestic animals would have no effect on reducing predation, whereas the use of livestock-guarding dogs, fencing, or herdsmen may significantly reduce domestic animal losses. When the effectiveness of each technique to reduce predation was assessed by large and mesocarnivores, fencing significantly reduced predation of domestic animals by the former. Despite little scientifically published material, our findings indicate lethal control would have no effect in reducing animal predation by native carnivores when compared with nonlethal techniques. Our study also indicates the effectiveness may vary depending on the type of carnivore involved in the conflict with livestock activity. The use of an evidence-based framework to measure and assess the differential effectiveness of nonlethal techniques and the use of complementary tools at different spatial and temporal scales must be research priorities to prevent livestock predation while promoting the conservation of carnivores in production-oriented lands as encouraged by the Convention of Biological Diversity. 相似文献
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哺乳动物胚胎性别鉴定技术的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
性别控制是通过人为方法使雌性成年动物按照人们的意愿生产特定性别后代的动物繁殖新技术。早期胚胎鉴定是性别控制的一条重要途径,近年来取得了长足进展,尤其是聚合酶链式反应技术。本文综述了胚胎性别鉴定的基本原理、鉴定方法以及研究概况,并阐述了该技术存在的问题及发展前景。 相似文献
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促卵泡激素FSH及其受体在卵巢的卵泡发育和激素生成以及睾丸的精子生成中起关键的调节作用。促卵泡激素受体FSHR与家养动物的繁殖能力有密切关系。提高家畜产仔率是确保我国动物养殖业持续健康发展的主要方向。已有研究表明,FSHR基因对动物的卵巢卵泡生长发育和精子发生具有巨大的调控作用,并且该基因与家养动物的繁殖性状,繁殖能力存在一定的关联性。本文章旨在介绍FSHR的结构,表达和生物学功能,以及在家养动物(牛,绵羊,山羊,猪和鸡)方面的研究展开综述,并且对其存在的问题及发展方向提出展望。 相似文献
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Waller PJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,139(1-3):1-14
Despite the extraordinary success in the development of anthelmintics in the latter part of the last century, helminth parasites of domestic ruminants continue to pose the greatest infectious disease problem in grazing livestock systems worldwide. Newly emerged threats to continuing successful livestock production, particularly with small ruminants, are the failure of this chemotherapeutic arsenal due to the widespread development of anthelmintic resistance at a time when the likelihood of new products becoming commercially available seems more remote. Changing public attitudes with regards to animal welfare, food preferences and safety will also significantly impact on the ways in which livestock are managed and their parasites are controlled. Superimposed on this are changes in livestock demographics internationally, in response to evolving trade policies and demands for livestock products. In addition, is the apparently ever-diminishing numbers of veterinary parasitology researchers in both the public and private sectors. Industries, whether being the livestock industries, the public research industries, or the pharmaceutical industries that provide animal health products, must adapt to these changes. In the context of helminth control in ruminant livestock, the mind-set of 'suppression' needs to be replaced by 'management' of parasites to maintain long-term profitable livestock production. Existing effective chemical groups need to be carefully husbanded and non-chemotherapeutic methods of parasite control need to be further researched and adopted, if and when, they become commercially available. This will require veterinary parasitology researchers from both the public and private sectors to work in close co-operation to ensure 'sustainability' - not only of the livestock industries that they service - but also for their very own activities and enterprises. 相似文献