影响2008下半年兽药市场的8大因素

价格涨了、奥运来了、行情变化莫测了、疾病的变化越来越快了、GSP的大限逼近了……这势必会对下半年的兽药市场造成不同程度的影响，那么它们的影响力有多大？     

甘肃省特禽疫病的流行病学调查

在甘肃省60个特种禽类养殖场,采集了17个品种禽类的非免疫血清953份、免疫血清51份、脏器等病料83份,进行了实验室检验和监测,结果表明鸽感染了ND、A I、IB、ILT、AL、FP、IBD 7种疫病,鸭感染ND、A I、ILT、FP、VA、PD 6种疫病,鹧鸪感染了A I、IB、ILT、IBD 4种疫病,珍珠鸡感染了IB、ILT、AL 3种疫病,鸵鸟感染了ND,乌鸡感染了IB、ILT、IBD、M D、VA、IC,贵妇鸡感染了M D、AL、IC。从病料中检出了大肠杆菌、都柏林沙门氏菌和念珠菌、组织滴虫和球虫虫卵等病原。ND、A I、IB、IBD、ILT、FP 6种疫病的免疫抗体水平普遍较低。     

土壤污染的危害与防治

本文从污水排放、大气污染、化肥、农药、固废及畜禽养殖多个方面探讨了导致土壤污染的原因,阐述了土壤污染具有隐蔽性、潜伏性和长期性的特点,并介绍了土壤污染所造成的危害,然后从化学法、工程法、生物法三个方面讲述了防治土壤污染的常用办法。     

瑞典、丹麦、挪威奶业考察报告

2014年9月1~13日,中国奶业协会副会长兼秘书长谷继承应邀率团赴瑞典、丹麦、挪威考察。代表团考察了3国7省(市),走访了瑞典利拉伐公司、丹麦微蝌国际育种公司、挪威基诺育种与AI协会,参观了奶牛养殖场、种公牛站、乳品加工企业、屠宰场,拜访了挪威生命科学大学(农业大学)、挪威农业食品部。通过考察代表团对3国奶业有了进一步了解,交流了3国奶业发展的经验、技术和模式,促进了双方间技术的合作和经贸的往来。     

奶牛粪水密闭贮存过程中理化特性变化分析

为了探究奶牛粪水在密闭贮存过程中理化特性的变化情况,为养殖场处理奶牛粪水提供参考,以山东烟台某奶牛养殖场固液分离后的新鲜粪水为研究对象,模拟自然条件下对奶牛粪水进行密闭处理,分别于贮存的第1、5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120天进行取样,分析奶牛粪水贮存过程中环境温度、pH值、总固体、悬浮固体、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷、速效磷、总钾、粪大肠菌群、蛔虫卵死亡率、氯化物、化学需氧量和生化需氧量等指标变化情况。结果显示：牛粪水在贮存120 d后,pH值上升了0.02,总固体含量下降了36.36%,悬浮固体含量下降了28.9%,总氮含量下降了40.6%,总磷含量下降了15.9%,总钾含量下降了8.1%,粪大肠菌群数量下降了96.8%,蛔虫卵死亡率达到98.5%,氯化物含量上升了4.1%,化学需氧量下降了11.60%,生化需氧量下降了18.32%。研究结果为奶牛养殖场粪水的处理提供了重要参考。     

2016年中国农牧舆情分析与2017年展望

分析了农牧舆情现状、 价值、 内容、 目的和发展规律,介绍了农牧企业如何高效开展舆情工作、 如何选择舆情服务商.对2016年中国农牧舆情主要涉及重大政策、 行业突发舆情、 上市企业、 猪场拆迁、 违法贪腐、 食品安全、 灾害污染等7大领域的内容做了阐述,对2017年农牧舆情工作做了展望.     

浙江省蚕桑学会十三届二次理事会在嘉兴召开

浙江省蚕桑学会十三届二次理事会于2013年1月4口在嘉兴召开，学会理事长吴海平，副理事长计东风、朱良均、周金钱、曹锦如以及常务理事、理事等20余人参加了会议。会议总结了学会2012年的主要工作。一是创新管理方式。学会于年初在杭州召开了十三届理事会第一次理事长办公会议，讨论研究了理事长分工，明确了新一届理事会的工作目标，并对学会办事机构进行了调整；为了加强学会小组、会员问的沟通与联系，召开了首次杭州、嘉兴、湖州、绍兴、金华等重点市学会秘书长与省级会员小组组长会议；首次与嘉兴市蚕桑学会联合召开了“现代蚕业应用技术与经营模式”学术研讨会。二是积极组织学术活动。4月5-6日，与江苏省蚕桑学会在杭州共同举办了“江浙两省蚕种疫病防控学术研讨会”，来自江、浙两省三十多个从事蚕种管理、生产、经营及蚕业科研、教学单位的50余位代表参加了研讨会，     

中国养蜂学会关于认真学习贯彻执行“农业部促进养蜂业发展专题会议”精神的通知

各副理事长、副秘书长、专业委员会主任全体理事、全体会员、各省市养蜂（业）学／协会、蜂业界同仁： 2013年5月22日,农业部韩长赋部长主持召开了促进养蜂产业持续健康发展专题会议。高鸿宾副部长、农业部办公厅、畜牧业司、种植业司、监管局及中国养蜂学会、中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所负责人等出席了会议。农业部畜牧业司王智才司长做了“我国养蜂业发展情况”主汇报,中国养蜂学会、中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所对蜂业发展情况做了补充并提出了建议,各与会司局做了发言。韩部长认真仔细听取了各方报告及建议,非常重视并支持养蜂业发展。     

人工智能养猪的优势、劣势及发展趋势探析

人工智能技术促进了养猪业从数量型向质量型、从粗放型向规模化、集约化和工厂化转变,猪场大数据服务平台为数字化、移动互联网、物联网、大数据、云计算等新模式、新理念、新技术在养猪业的普及和推广做出了重要贡献;猪场智能饲喂及温湿度监控等系统,实现了养猪生产的自动化控制,极大地提高了养猪生产效益。文章分析了人工智能养猪的优势、劣势及发展趋势。     

畜牧业生产与环境保护协调发展的探讨

近年来,我国畜牧业得到了迅猛发展．不仅促进了我国农村经济的发展。丰富了市场供应．增加了农民收入,而且带动了饲料、兽药、食品、屠宰加工、皮革、制药、冷藏贮运、毛纺等相关产业的快速发展。然而．畜牧业在我国仍然是低效产业．动物在将饲料营养转化为畜产品的过程中．有很多摄人养分未吸收而被排到环境中去,对土壤、空气、水源造成污染;反之,环境污染和生态环境恶化给畜牧业可持续发展也造成威胁．     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。