复方参芪水提液对小鼠免疫调节作用的影响

为探讨自制中药参芪复方对小鼠免疫调节作用的影响,本实验采用灌喂的方法,给予实验组小鼠灌服复方水提液,连续7d,1次/d。用药结束后第10天,分别测定小鼠血细胞数、体重、胸腺、脾脏指数以及血清溶菌酶含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,中药复方组小鼠的血液红细胞数、淋巴细胞百分比、血清溶菌酶含量、胸腺指数与脾脏指数明显增高。说明复方参芪水提液能够显著增强小鼠的免疫调节功能,而且与灌服剂量有正相关性。     

羊胎盘肽对犬免疫功能的影响

将24只幼犬随机分成4组，1个对照组（n=6），3个试验组（n=6)，连续灌服羊胎盘肽10 d，前后各1 d各采血样1次，测定白细胞数、ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、血清球蛋白含量及溶菌酶活性。结果表明连续给药10 d后幼犬血液白细胞总数、ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、血清球蛋白含量、血清中溶菌酶活性与给药前相比均明显增加，并且中、高剂量组与用药前相比差异显著或极显著（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。试验结果提示羊胎盘肽可提高幼犬的免疫功能。     

参归复方及其粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探讨自拟参归复方对小鼠免疫调节作用的影响,将70只小鼠随机分成5组,分别给试验组小鼠灌服高低剂量的复方参归水提液及粗多糖,对照组灌服蒸馏水,连续21 d。用药结束后剖杀小鼠,测定各组小鼠的免疫指标变化。结果显示,试验组小鼠血液中淋巴细胞数、红细胞数、血清溶菌酶水平、血清Ig G含量均有不同程度的增加,其中复方水提液高剂量和多糖低剂量组与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);试验组小鼠的体重、胸腺和脾脏指数与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。因此提示,复方参归水提液及粗多糖均能够增强小鼠的非特异性免疫功能,复方粗多糖的效果优于参归复方水提液。     

自拟中药复方对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探讨自拟中药复方对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用,将女贞子、菟丝子、熟地、蒲公英、甘草按一定比例配伍,制备水煎液(质量浓度为1 g/mL)。将80只昆明系小鼠随机分为5组(空白对照组、免疫抑制模型组和中药复方高、中、低剂量组),空白对照组和免疫抑制模型组小鼠灌服蒸馏水(0.2 mL/只),复方高、中、低剂量组小鼠分别灌服300 mg/只、200 mg/只、100 mg/只的复方水煎液,连续14 d。除空白对照组外,其他各组小鼠于给药的第1、3、5、7天皮下注射地塞米松(30 mg/kg体重)。试验第20天,将所有小鼠进行眼球采血,剖杀,称量体质量、胸腺重、脾脏重,计算胸腺、脾脏指数;分离血清,测定血清中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、溶菌酶、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)和干扰素γ(INF-γ)的含量。结果显示,与免疫抑制模型组相比,复方中剂量组能够显著增加小鼠的胸腺和脾脏指数,提高小鼠血清中IgG、溶菌酶、IL-2、INF-γ的含量;而对IL-4含量无显著影响。可以得出:自拟复方水提液能够明显改善免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,且这种调节作用与给药剂量有一定相关性。     

复合吸附剂对AFB_1和DON联合毒性的脱毒效果

本试验旨在通过动物体内试验,研究复合吸附剂(CA)对黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)联合毒性的脱毒效果。选取21日龄昆明系雄性小鼠60只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只。各试验组小鼠饲喂相同的饲料,第Ⅰ组为对照组,每天灌服生理盐水;第Ⅱ组灌服0.5%CA;第Ⅲ组灌服200μg/kg AFB_1+500μg/kg DON;第Ⅳ组灌服200μg/kg AFB_1+500μg/kg DON+0.1%CA;第Ⅴ组灌服200μg/kg AFB_1+500μg/kg DON+0.5%CA。试验期为30d。分别于试验的第15和第30天,每个重复随机选择2只小鼠经眼球采血,测定血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、r-谷氨酰基转移酶(rGT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量;并取肝脏和脾脏,计算脏器相对指数。结果显示,与对照组相比,在试验15d时,第Ⅲ组小鼠肝脏、脾脏指数,血清AST活性显著升高(P<0.05),ALB含量显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异不显著(P>0.05);在30d时,第Ⅲ组小鼠肝脏、脾脏指数、血清AST,ALT,ALP,r-GT活性显著升高(P<0.05),第Ⅳ组小鼠脾脏指数、血清r-GT活性显著升高(P<0.05),小鼠增重量、TP、ALB含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD活性极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著升高(P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅴ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,CA对机体无副作用,0.5%CA能有效缓解AFB1和DON对小鼠的联合毒性。     

玉屏风多糖对肠道菌群失调小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探究玉屏风多糖对肠道菌群失调小鼠免疫功能的影响,选取健康雄性小鼠30只,设对照组、肠菌群失调模型组、自然恢复组、高、中、低剂量组。对照组灌服生理盐水,其他组均灌胃浓度8 g/kg体重氨苄西林。灌服5 d后,处死模型组,观察建模情况。高、中、低剂量组分别灌服不同浓度的玉屏风多糖,其余两组灌服相同体积的生理盐水。治疗10 d后处死采样,测定生长性能、脾脏体指数以及血清、小肠中免疫因子含量。结果显示:低、中、高剂量组小鼠的脾脏、胸腺指数均高于自然恢复组;而血清中TNF-α的含量低于自然恢复组;其中M、H组体重增长和小肠s Ig A的含量均明显高于自然恢复组(P0.05)。     

口服黄芪多糖增强肠道黏膜免疫及其对口蹄疫疫苗免疫的影响

将40只小鼠随机分为2组,一组小鼠灌服黄芪多糖水溶液,另一组灌服生理盐水为对照组,给药后每周从各组随机取5只小鼠,分离脾淋巴细胞进行淋巴细胞增殖试验,并观察十二指肠黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞(IELs)以及上皮固有层的IgA+细胞数;将24只小鼠随机分为4组,各小鼠分2次,间隔2周注射口蹄疫(FMD)疫苗,其中1~3组的小鼠在疫苗免疫前灌服不同剂量的黄芪多糖,第4组小鼠灌服生理盐水作为对照。二免后1~5周,每周采血,检测血清IgG及其亚类。结果表明,小鼠口服黄芪多糖能显著促进小鼠淋巴细胞对刀豆蛋白A(ConA)和脂多糖(LPS)的刺激反应,并增加十二指肠IELs和固有层IgA+细胞数量;口服黄芪多糖后接种FMD疫苗,能够显著增强血清FMD特异性IgG及其亚类水平。     

芪苓制剂多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫损伤小鼠血清SOD和MDA的影响

探讨芪苓制剂多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫损伤小鼠血清SOD和MDA的影响。将75只体重18-22 g的雄性昆明小鼠随机均分为5组,即空白对照组、环磷酰胺(CY)组和芪苓制剂多糖低、中、高剂量组,芪苓制剂多糖3个剂量组小鼠分别灌服低(200 mg/kg)、中(400 mg/kg)、高(600 mg/kg)剂量芪苓制剂多糖,空白对照组和CY组分别灌服等量的蒸馏水,1次/d,连续19 d。试验第20天,空白对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,其余4组均腹腔注射100 mg/kg CY,24 h后,各组小鼠摘除眼球采血,检测小鼠血清SOD活性和MDA含量。结果表明,与CY组相比,芪苓制剂多糖3个剂量组小鼠血清SOD活性均极显著升高(P<0.01),MDA含量均极显著降低(P<0.01)。结果表明,芪苓制剂多糖能改善环磷酰胺所致免疫损伤小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

牛磺鹅去氧胆酸对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究牛磺鹅去氧胆酸（taurochenodeoxycholic acid,TCDCA）对环磷酰胺致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。给小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺(CTX,50 mg/kg),建立免疫功能抑制模型,灌服TCDCA（100 mg/（kg·d））,共灌服7 d。采用重量法和分光光度法分别测定TCDCA对免疫器官指数及对血清中抗体含量、单核—巨噬细胞吞噬功能和溶菌酶含量的影响。〖JP2〗TCDCA对免疫抑制小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数和血清溶血素水平无显著性影响;TCDCA可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠单核—巨噬细胞吞噬功能和血清中溶菌酶含量。TCDCA能够增强CTX免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,对免疫失衡机体具有一定的保护作用。     

益生菌对Balb/C小鼠外周血CD3、CD4和CD8分子表达水平的影响

为研究益生菌增强Balb/C小鼠免疫功能的作用机理，本试验将48只Balb/C小鼠分为对照组（生理盐水灌服组）和试验组（益生菌灌服高、中、低剂量组），下文记为C、P-L、P-M和P-H组。分别在灌服7、14、21、28 d后，每组随机选取3只小鼠处死，取其外周血离心后收集上清，采用ELISA方法分别检测CD3、CD4和CD8分子的表达量。结果显示，试验7 d后，与对照组相比，P-L和P-H组小鼠血清CD3分子表达量分别显著上升54.78%（P＜0.05）、98.52%（P＜0.05）|21 d后，P-H组小鼠血清CD3分子表达量与对照组相比显著升高83.51%（P＜0.05）|7 d后与对照组相比，P-L、P-M和P-H组小鼠血清CD8分子表达量分别显著上升44.94%（P＜0.05）、46.73%（P＜0.05）和43.78%（P＜0.05）|14 d后，与对照组相比，P-L、P-M和P-H组小鼠血清CD8分子表达量分别显著上升39.27%（P＜0.05）、40.05%（P＜0.05）和36.02%（P＜0.05）|21 d后，与对照组相比，P-M组小鼠血清CD8分子表达量显著上升50.46%（P＜0.05）。试验组小鼠血清中CD4分子的表达水平仅在28 d全部高于对照组，其中以高剂量组升高较为明显（P＞0.05）|因此，本研究结果表明，益生菌可能通过增加血清中CD3、CD4和CD8分子的表达水平来增强动物免疫功能，为其后续的保健功能评价和合理应用提供试验依据。 [关键词]益生菌|CD3|CD4|CD8|ELISA     

妊娠后期和泌乳期日粮添加生姜、八角和丹参对母猪抗氧化性能和繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠后期和泌乳期日粮中添加生姜、八角和丹参对母猪抗氧化性能和繁殖性能的影响。试验选择胎次一致、平均体重(164.28±1.30) kg的莱芜黑猪妊娠经产母猪36头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理9个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在对照组的基础上分别添加10g/kg姜粉、5g/kg八角粉和10g/kg丹参粉(即Cont.组、GIN组、SA组和DS组)。结果表明,GIN组、SA组和DS组母猪血清中GSH含量、初乳中乳蛋白含量及初乳T-AOC均显著高于Cont.组(P<0.05);GIN组和DS组初乳中乳脂含量均显著高于Cont.组(P<0.05),SA组和DS组初乳中乳糖含量显著高于Cont.组(P<0.05);各处理间窝产活仔数、21 d成活率、仔猪初生窝重和21 d窝重均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加10g/kg生姜、5g/kg八角和10g/kg丹参可提高母猪血清和初乳的抗氧化水平,提高初乳营养价值,但对母猪繁殖性能无影响。     

Effects of Dietary Ginger Root,Star Anise and Dan-shen Root on Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance of Sows during Late Gestation and Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of diatary ginger root, star anise and dan-shen root on antioxidant status and reproductive performance of sows during late gestation and lactation.A total of 36 Laiwu Black pregnant sows with average weight of 164.28 kg±1.30 kg and similar parity were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 9 replicates per treatment.The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/kg ginger root, 5 g/kg star anise and 10 g/kg dan-shen root, respectively(ie Cont., GIN, SA, DS groups).The results showed that the concentrations of glutathione in serum and milk protein in colostrum, activity of total antioxidant capacity in colostrum of GIN, SA and DS groups were significantly higher than that of Cont.group(P<0.05).The concentration of milk fat in colostrum of GIN and DS groups were higher than that of Cont.group(P<0.05).Comparing to Cont.group, the concentration of lactose in colostrum was significantly higher(P<0.05) of SA and DS groups.All groups had similar number of born live, 21 d survival rate, birth weight of born and 21 d weight of born(P>0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 10 g/kg ginger root, 5 g/kg star anise and 10 g/kg dan-shen root could increase antioxidant status of serum and colostrum of sows, improve the nutritional value of colostrum, but had no effect on reproductive performance.     

溶菌酶对肉鸭生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响

试验用溶菌酶代替常用的抗生素饲喂樱桃谷肉鸭,旨在探讨其对肉鸭生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,共设4个处理组(1个对照组、3个试验组),对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验组分别饲喂基础日粮+溶菌酶、基础日粮+吉他霉素和基础日粮+金霉素日粮。每个处理3个重复,每个重复50只。试验结果表明:在采食量方面各试验组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);在平均日增重方面,试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但是试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在料肉比和饲料增重成本方面,各试验组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其中溶菌酶组料肉比和饲料增重成本最低。各试验组与对照组相比,均可以显著提高免疫器官指数(P<0.05),溶菌酶组效果最好。     

肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响

本研究目的在于评价在玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肥育猪的利用价值。选取体重约５０ｋｇ的杜×长×大三元杂交猪４０头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为５个组,每组４个重复,分别在饲粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉,依次为：０（对照组）,１０％（试验Ｉ组）,１５％（试验ＩＩ组）,２０％（试验ＩＩＩ组）,２０％＋０．１％纤维素酶（试验ＩＶ 组）,各组主要营养指标相同。测定肥育猪饲喂含不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮后主要生产性能、消化率及血清中主要生化指标的变化。结果表明,１）试验ＩＩ、ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组平均日增重、采食量较对照组明显提高,而试验ＩＩ、ＩＶ 组的料肉比明显降低,因此,添加１５％的苜蓿草粉或２０％的苜蓿草粉＋０．１％ 纤维素酶有利于提高肥育猪的体重及饲料转化率。２）试验Ｉ、ＩＩ组和对照组相比,其干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均不同程度提高;虽然试验ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组上述４项指标的表观消化率和对照组相近或稍高,但试验ＩＶ 组各主要指标优于试验ＩＩＩ组,说明添加１０％和１５％的苜蓿草粉有利于提高营养物质的表观消化率,苜蓿草粉添加至２０％时加纤维素酶对各项指标消化率有改进。３）肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉,降低了其血液甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,升高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。试验证明,在肥育猪饲粮中添加１５％紫花苜蓿草粉对肥育猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的改善有利,苜蓿草粉降低血液胆固醇的功能可能是其中皂苷的作用。     

几种中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝免疫功能和生长性能的影响

将300尾13～17g的健康黄鳝(Monopterus albus)随机分为1个对照组和4个试验组,每组3个重复,试验组分别饲喂添加有茯苓、五加皮、黄芪以及这3种中药的混合物的饲料。经30d饲养后,结果表明,茯苓、黄芪及五加皮可使黄鳝血液白细胞的吞噬活性、血清的溶菌酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05);同时,五加皮、黄芪、茯苓及这3种中药的混合物均对黄鳝增重有显著促进作用(P<0.05),其中五加皮对黄鳝的增重最为明显。     

蝇蛆肽对大鼠机体抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨蝇蛆酶解肽的生物活性.选取SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只大鼠.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和1.0%蝇蛆肽的试验日粮.饲养试验预试期7 d,正式试验期为21 d.结果表明:试验前各组间各种抗氧化和免疫指标没有显著差异(P>0.05),试验期间对照组各种指标始终没有较大变化,而各试验组从第7天开始血清丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组有显著降低(P<0.05),血清过氧化氰酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和脾脏系数、胸腺系数、IgA及IgG含量、血清溶菌酶含量等免疫指标明显提高,其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组均达到显著水平(P<0.05).结果表明,蝇蛆肽具有较强的生物活性,蝇蛆肽的添加量以0.5%较为适宜.     

Effect of Low Dietary Magnesium on Immune Response and Osmoregulation of Atlantic Salmon

Abstract

The influences of dietary magnesium on immune response and on osmoregulation in parr of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were determined. Groups of fish were fed a casein–gelatin diet unsupplemented (containing about 200 mg Mg/kg) or supplemented with either 300 or 500 mg Mg/kg dry diet (as MgSO₄) for 12 weeks before vaccination to produce fish with different Mg levels, and the feeding regime was continued throughout the study. No differences were observed between the treatment groups in serum-specific antibody levels every second week for 8 weeks after vaccination against Vibrio anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2. Both lysozyme levels and spontaneous hemolytic activities in serum were elevated in vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. Neither lysozyme activity, complement hemolytic activity, total protein in serum nor blood hemoglobin were affected by dietary Mg. The spontaneous hemolytic activity in serum was lower in fish fed the unsupplemented diet and highest in fish fed the diet supplemented with 500 mg Mg/kg. After 28 weeks on the diets supplemented with graded levels of Mg, a salinity tolerance test (32.5 g/L, 24 h) was performed. High mortality and elevated serum chloride concentrations in all groups after 24 h reflected a general salinity intolerance, but the highest serum chloride level was observed in fish fed the unsupplemented diet. This indicates that low dietary Mg affects the osmoregulation of Atlantic salmon.     

Effect of different concentrations of ginger root powder and its essential oil on growth performance,serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler chicks under heat stress

1. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of ginger (Zingiber officinale) feed supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, carcass characteristics and blood parameters in broiler chicks under conditions of heat stress (32 ± 2ºC for 8 h per d).

2. A total of 336 d-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned to one of 6 dietary groups representing: basal diet with no supplement as control, basal diet containing 100 mg/kg vitamin E as positive control, basal diets containing either 7.5 or 15 g/kg of ginger root powder, and diets containing 75 or 150 mg/kg of ginger essential oil.

3. The results indicated that at 22 d of age, the group receiving 7.5 g/kg of ginger root powder experienced significantly increased body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) compared to the control group. There were no significant difference among the diet groups regarding BW, BWG, feed intake (FI) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 42 and 49 d of age.

4. The inclusion of powder and essential oil of ginger in broiler diets did not affect carcass characteristics and blood parameters of the chickens. However, in the group receiving 150 mg/kg ginger essential oil, the total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) activity in liver increased compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in liver also decreased in the groups receiving ginger powder and essential oil compared to that in the control group. There were no significant difference between experimental groups regarding glutathione peroxidise (Gpx), TSOD and catalase (CAT) enzymes in red blood cells. All dietary groups increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decreased MDA concentration in serum compared to the control group.

5. The results of this study suggest that ginger powder and essential oils may be a suitable replacement for synthetic antioxidants in broiler diets. Results also suggest that ginger powder might be better than extracted essential oil for improving antioxidant status in broilers.     

Effects of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy on the parathyroid gland in nude mice.

The ultrastructure of parathyroid chief cells was examined from four groups of nude mice (NIH:Swiss) with different serum calcium concentrations. The groups consisted of eight male mice with hypercalcemia induced by transplantable canine adenocarcinoma (CAC-8), eight female mice with hypercalcemia induced by infusion of parathyroid hormone-related protein, ten male control mice, and six male mice fed a low calcium (0.01%) diet. Hypercalcemia induced by malignancy or parathyroid hormone-related protein infusion was associated with low serum phosphorus concentration, a decrease in the number of secretory and prosecretory granules in the parathyroid chief cells, and an increase in the cytoplasmic area of chief cells. Prominent myelinlike membranous whorls were present in the cytoplasm of chief cells of tumor-bearing and parathyroid hormone-related protein-infused hypercalcemic mice. Mice fed a low calcium diet had decreases in the number of secretory granules and cell area but increases in the number of prosecretory granules compared with control mice. The number of mitochondria and the nuclear area of chief cells were similar in all four groups. The prominent membranous whorls and increased cytoplasmic area of chief cells from these hypercalcemic mice mark these cells as distinctly different from the parathyroid chief cells of other species with hypercalcemia.     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子对小鼠胰腺氧自由基水平的影响

为研究大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子对小鼠胰腺氧自由基水平的影响,试验选用36只昆明种雄性小鼠,按体质量随机分为3组。第一组为对照纽,饲喂基础日粮;第二组为试验组,饲喂含有大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的基础日粮,第三组为抗氧化剂组,饲喂舍大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子＋维生素C的日粮。试验期3周,空腹屠宰,眼球采血制备血清,迅速取出胰腺进行氧化和抗氧化指标检测。结果表明,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子能显著增加氧自由基水平。与对照组比较,试验组小鼠血清和胰腺的MDA（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量分别显著地增加了98．17％,185．58％,抗超氧阴离子自由基和抑制羟自由基能力被显著降低,TAOC、S013（superoxidedismutase）、CAT和GSH—Px活性被显著减少（P〈0．05）。添加维生素C后,氧化应激被减轻,但氧化指标仍高于对照组。上述结果表明,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子能够导致氧化和抗氧化不平衡,从而使其处于氧化应激状态。