犬前列腺疾病诊断方法概述

<正>犬前列腺疾病是临床常见的公犬泌尿生殖道疾病,通常发生于老龄公犬,特别是6岁以上的未去势公犬。根据文献报道,主要的前列腺疾病包括:前列腺炎、良性前列腺增生、前列腺囊肿、前列腺脓肿和前列腺肿瘤。前列腺疾病通常会表现出排尿困难、尿淋漓、血尿、便秘,触诊有疼痛反应等临床症状,除此之外前列腺体积、前列腺液的性质,前列腺组织细胞形态等都会发生相应的变化,因此前列腺疾病的诊断除了进行详细的病史调查、全面的一般检查和直肠检查之外,还     

影像学技术在犬前列腺检查中的应用

前列腺疾病在未绝育公犬中占3—10%,是临床常见的泌尿生殖道疾病之一,通常发生于老龄公犬。根据文献报道,主要的前列腺疾病包括:良性前列腺增生、前列腺炎、前列腺囊肿、前列腺脓肿和前列腺肿瘤,它们的严重程度、治疗方法和预后均不同。前列腺疾病通常会表现出排尿困难、尿淋漓、血尿、便秘,触诊有疼痛反应等临床症状,造成前列腺疾病的病因往往不能通过评估临床症状来区分,因为它们的特征不明显,而且可能有着相似的前列腺状况。因此,对前列腺的检查至关重要。影像学检查技术有着直观、重复性好、快速、无创伤等特点,而对于前列腺疾病来说,正确的诊断程序至少要进行体格检查和超声检查。因此,在犬前列腺的检查中,应用影像学技术有着重要意义。本文将从犬前列腺正常解剖结构、犬前列腺的影像学检查方法及正常影像、不同前列腺疾病的异常影像以及相关最新研究进展四个方面做简要论述。     

一例犬前列腺增生的诊断与治疗

本文以一例5岁贵宾犬前列腺增生病例为基础,对该犬病情进行分析,采用临床检查、血常规检查及B超检查等方法对该犬病情进行诊断,并根据诊断结果进行治疗。结果表明:该犬患有前列腺增生,通过去势术,摘除睾丸、附睾以及部分输精管,抗菌消炎。经过治疗,预后良好。因此,证明去势术的确是目前治疗前列腺增生较经济有效的办法。     

闭孔内肌转位术治疗西施犬单侧会阴疝

会阴疝是指腹腔或盆腔脏器经盆腔后从直肠侧面结缔组织间隙突至会阴部皮下所形成的局限性突起。疝内容物通常为结缔组织、脂肪、前列腺、膀胱等,其中以前列腺、膀胱最常见。该病常发生于7～10岁的未去势公犬,10岁以上公犬发病率明显降低。现将2010年5月份接诊的1例11岁西施犬会阴疝的诊断和治疗情况报道如下。     

细胞学检查在犬前列腺疾病诊断中的应用

犬前列腺疾病是临床常见的公犬泌尿生殖道疾病,包括前列腺增生、鳞状化生、前列腺炎、前列腺脓肿、前列腺周围囊肿和前列腺癌。在常规的诊断方法中,细胞学检查简便易行、可靠性高、对动物损伤小,但临床应用常常被忽视。在不同的研究中,细胞学检查结果与组织学检查结果都具有很高的相关性。因此,本文的目的在于介绍犬前列腺疾病的细胞学检查方法。     

一例犬急性胰腺炎的诊断与治疗

犬急性胰腺炎是因胰腺分泌的胰酶消化自身器官所引起的以胰腺水肿、出血、坏死为主要特征的一种疾病,是犬常见的消化系统疾病之一。该文结合具体临床病例,对一例犬的临床疑似病例进行血液学、B型超声波和X线摄影检查,综合判断为犬急性胰腺炎,最终通过抑制胰腺分泌、补液、纠正低钾血症、改善贫血状况等多种方法进行治疗,治疗效果良好。该文对犬急性胰腺炎的形成原因、临床表现、诊断与治疗方法等方面作了较为详细的阐述,为临床上犬胰腺炎的诊断和治疗提供一定的参考。     

一例犬因外力造成阴茎损伤的诊治

1只4岁泰迪犬就诊前突然出现尿血,小便后有鲜血滴出的症状,之后出现了食欲下降、精神变差的症状。为了对该病例进行诊治,试验采用临床检查、X射线检查、血常规和血液生化指标检查进行确诊,并根据诊断结果进行治疗。结果表明:根据患犬病史和临床症状,结合临床检查和实验室检测结果,综合分析确诊该犬为外力造成的阴茎损伤。鉴于患犬处于壮年而又不作为种用,平时很活跃,经协商,畜主同意给患犬做去势手术。去势手术7 d后患犬痊愈,阴茎和小便都恢复正常。     

一例犬急腹症误诊为急性胰腺炎的探析

急性胰腺炎是宠物临床上犬最常见的胰腺外分泌疾病,其临床表现差异较大,影像学检查和临床病理学检查相对困难,易被误诊.一例患犬因食欲不佳、呕吐来就诊,临床检查发现其间歇性出现祈祷样姿势,结合血液学检查中血细胞、淀粉酶、脂肪酶及犬C反应蛋白等的变化,初次诊断为急性胰腺炎.治疗5 d未见好转,进行影像学检查后诊断为肠道异物引起...     

一例犬盲肠肿瘤病的诊断与治疗

犬的胃肠道肿瘤疾病临床发病率相对较低，发病前期容易被误诊为常见胃肠道疾病，从而耽误有效治疗，加重病情发展。本文介绍了一例犬盲肠肿瘤病。患犬初步诊断为腹腔肿物，手术探查为盲肠末端肿物，经组织病理学检查确诊为胃肠道基质瘤，后经外科手术切除等治疗达到预后良好效果。此外，本文探讨了犬盲肠肿瘤发病特点以及血液检查、影像学、细胞学、组织病理学等诊断程序及外科治疗方法，以期为犬肠道肿瘤疾病临床诊断与治疗提供参考。     

犬实验性前列腺增生的组织学和超微病理学观察

前列腺增生又叫良性前列腺增生(Benign Prostate Hyperplasia,BPH),是老年公犬常见的泌尿生殖系统疾病.有资料显示,4～5岁的未去势公犬,约有50%存在前列腺增生的组织学特征[1].本试验通过给予不同件激素制作犬前列腺增生模型,通过组织学和超微病理学改变初步探究雌雄激素在BPH发生巾的作用.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.