Development of prednisone resistance in naïve canine lymphoma: Longitudinal evaluation of NR3C1α, ABCB1, and 11β-HSD mRNA expression

Prednisone resistance develops rapidly and essentially universally when dogs with lymphoma are treated with corticosteroids. We investigated naturally occurring mechanisms of prednisone resistance in seven dogs with naïve multicentric lymphoma, treated with oral prednisone; four dogs were administered concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy. Expression of NR3C1α, ABCB1 (formerly MDR1), 11β-HSD1, and 11β-HSD2 mRNA was evaluated in neoplastic lymph nodes by real-time RT-PCR. Changes of expression levels at diagnosis and at time of clinical resistance to prednisone were compared longitudinally using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Clinical resistance to prednisone was observed after a median of 68 days (range: 7–348 days) after initiation of treatment. Relative to pretreatment samples, prednisone resistance was associated with decreased NR3C1α expression in biopsies of all dogs with high-grade lymphoma (six dogs, p=.031); one dog with indolent T-zone lymphoma had increased expression of NR3C1α. Resistance was not consistently associated with changes in ABCB1, 11β-HSD1, or 11β-HSD2 expression. Decreased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1α) may play a role in conferring resistance to prednisone in dogs with lymphoma. Results do not indicate a broad role for changes in expression of ABCB1, 11β-HSD1, and 11β-HSD2 in the emergence of prednisone resistance in lymphoma-bearing dogs.     

Effect of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate on Reproductive Performance and Larval Development of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

In the present study, Fenneropenaeus chinensis individuals were assigned into six groups, and fed with a diet supplemented with 0(Con-trol), 0.5%(Group E0.5), 1.0%(Group E1.0), 2.0%(Group E2.0), 3.0%(Group E3.0) or 5.0%(Group E5.0) of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) during their growth and spawning periods, to explore the effect of PHB on the reproductive performance of parents and the development of larvae. The experi-ment was lasted for 192 d to measure the mortality rate, relative percentage of survival(RPS), weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR) and cycle of gonadal development of parental shrimps, number of eggs, number of nauplii, stages of larval development and metamorphosis. The results indicated that PHB had an obvious effect on the fecundity of parental shrimps and growth performance of larva. Compared with control group, the mortality rate of broodstock in experimental groups decreased initially and increased subsequently with the increase of PHB concentration, while RPS showed an opposite pattern. The mortality rate of group E2.0 was the lowest among all groups, showing significant difference from that of other groups(P﹤0.05) except group E1.0(P﹥0.05). WGR of all experimental groups was higher than that of the control group, among which, group E2.0 and group E5.0 had significantly higher WGR than the control(P0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the cycle of gonadal development between the experimental groups and the control group(P ﹥ 0.05). The numbers of eggs and nauplii in the experimental groups were higher than those of the control group. And the numbers of eggs and nauplii in group E2.0 were significantly higher than those of the control(P ﹤ 0.05), bud showed no significant difference from those of other groups(P﹥0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the duration of larval devel-opment and metamorphosis among all the groups. In summary, PHB is capable of improving the reproductive performance of parents and the survival and development of larva in F. chinensis, and 2.0% is the optimal concentration of PHB supplemented to the diet.     

围产期小鼠子宫颈中糖皮质激素受体、11β羟基类固醇脱氢酶的表达

旨在揭示糖皮质激素(GC)及糖皮质激素受体(GR)、11β羟基类固醇脱氢酶1和2(11βHSD-1和2)对围产期小鼠子宫颈成熟的影响和机制。选取围产期5个时间点,分别为产前48h(-48h)、产前24h(-24h)、分娩时(0h)、产后12h(+12h)和产后48h(+48h)。首先通过ELISA检测血清皮质酮浓度变化,再通过免疫组化对GR和影响GC活性的两个酶,11βHSD-1和11βHSD-2,进行免疫定位和半定量检测。ELISA结果显示围产期GC浓度呈先升高后下降趋势,分娩时达到峰值(P0.01)。免疫组化结果显示,11βHSD-1、11βHSD-2和GR在子宫颈腔上皮、基质、血管和平滑肌细胞上均有分布,11βHSD-1/11βHSD-2平均光密度的比值呈现先升高再下降趋势,分娩时比值最高;GR的表达量也是分娩时最高,分娩前后较低的趋势(P0.01)。以上结果提示11βHSD-1合成的糖皮质激素通过其受体在子宫颈的成熟过程中起着关键性作用。     

11株鸡大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物及其联用的耐药性分析

为了解洛阳地区鸡大肠杆菌病的流行现状以及对β-内酰胺类药物的敏感情况,采用两倍稀释法测定氨苄西林、头孢噻呋、头孢吡肟、氨曲南等药物对11株临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果显示：单独用药,氨苄西林抗菌活性最弱,其MIC值均不低于320ug／ml,头孢吡肟抗菌活性最强,其MIC值为1．25-2．5ug／ml。氨苄西林、头孢噻呋与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联用后,联用MIC值比单药的MIC值降低了1／32-1／2,头孢噻呋与非B一内酰胺类药物联用后,联用MIC值比单药MIC值降低了1／120-1／16。     

Effects of Different Sources and Levels of Selenium on Growth Performance and Tissue Selenium Content of 10～11 months Porcupine

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of different sources and levels of selenium （Se） on growth performance and tissue Se content of 10～11 months porcupine.Eighty and 10-month-old porcupine with a similar body weight were assigned to 5 groups with 8 replicates of 2 porcupines each.The porcupine were fed a basal diet without Se complementation （control group） or the basal diet adding 0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of sodium selenite （group Ⅰ）,0.20 mg/kg Se in the form of yeast selenium （group Ⅱ）,0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of yeast selenium （group Ⅲ） and 0.30 mg/kg mixed Se （0.15 mg/kg sodium selenite and 0.15 mg/kg yeast selenium）（group Ⅳ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,there was no significant differences in the average daily feed intake （ADFI） in each group （P＞0.05）,the average daily gain （ADG） in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased （P＜0.05）,the feed/gain （F/G） in group Ⅲ was significant decreased （P＜0.05）.Compared with the control group,the concent of Se in liver and muscle of group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased （P＜0.01）,the content of Se in liver and muscle of groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ was also significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）,and there was no significant difference in group Ⅰ（P＞0.05）.In conclusion,the basal diet supplemented with yeast selenium could improve the growth performance and increase the tissue Se concent in 10～11 months porcupine,and adding 0.30 mg/kg yeast selenium had the best effect.     

Effect of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate on the Activity of Nonspecific Immunity Related Enzymes in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

[Objective] This study was carried out to explore the effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) on the performance of the nonspecific immune system in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. [Method] F. chinensis individuals were assigned into six groups, and each group was fed with a diet containing 0(Control), 0.5%(Group E_(0.5)), 1.0%(Group E_(1.0)), 2.5%(Group E_(2.5)), 5.0%(Group E_(5.0)) or 10.0% PHB(Group E_(10.0)). The mortality rate and relative percent of survival(RPS) of each group were calculated after 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), the activity of acid phosphatase(ACP), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in hepatopancreas and serum were measured,and their correlation with PHB concentration was analyzed. [Result] The RPS in PHB treated shrimps increased initially and decreased subsequently with increasing PHB concentration. RPS of Group E_(1.0) was the highest, showing significant difference from that of other groups( P 0.05).With the increase in PHB concentration, the activity of immunity related enzymes changed in a similar pattern with RPS: increasing at first and decreasing subsequently. In addition, the activity of the enzymes was elevated in the 2~(nd) and 3~(rd) weeks of PHB administration. Among them, T-AOC in serum of groups E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), T-AOC in hepatopancreas of Group E_(1.0), ACP activity in serum of groups E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), ACP activity in hepatopancreas of Group E_(1.0), CAT activity in groups E_(0.5), E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), CAT activity in hepatopancreas of groups E_(0.5), E_(1.0) and E_(10.0), POD activity in both serum and hepatopancreas of groups E_(0.5), E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), SOD activity in both serum and hepatopancreas of Group E_(1.0), MDA content in serum of Group E_(1.0) and MDA content in hepatopancreas of groups E_(0.5) and E_(1.0) showed significant difference from those of other groups(P0.05). [Conclusion] PHB can improve the immunity of F. chinensis, 1.0% in feed has the best effect, and the total enzyme activity reaches the highest level in the 2~(nd) and 3~(rd) weeks of PHB administration.     

The Effect of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on Post-Thaw Parameters of Cryopreserved Jack and Stallion Semen

Cyclodextrins improve post-thaw viability and motility of semen as well as mediate cholesterol efflux and subsequent acrosome reaction in spermatozoa from several species. The objectives of this study were: (a) to assess the effect of prefreeze addition of 60 mM hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on post-thaw viability and motility of jack and stallion semen cryopreserved in ethylene glycol-based freezing extenders containing 5% or 20% (v/v) egg yolk (LEY and HEY, respectively), and (b) to evaluate the ability of 1 μM calcium ionophore A23187 and/or 60 mM β-CD to induce acrosome reaction in thawed jack and stallion spermatozoa. Post-thaw motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in HEY was higher (P < .05) for jack but lower (P < .05) for stallion spermatozoa when compared with LEY. Jack and stallion spermatozoa both exhibited higher (P < .05) motility when cryopreserved in 60 mM β-CD than without β-CD. Curvilinear velocity was faster (P < .05) for jack and stallion spermatozoa cryopreserved in LEY than in HEY. A treatment × time interaction affected (P < .05) the proportion of spermatozoa that underwent acrosome reaction. Post-thaw incubation of jack and stallion spermatozoa with β-CD for 90 minutes induced acrosome reaction in 85% and 22% of viable sperm cells, respectively; however, only 32% of jack and 8% of stallion spermatozoa incubated with calcium ionophore underwent acrosome reaction. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of β-CD (not loaded with cholesterol) on jack semen cryopreservation, and results reveal that β-CD may be a useful tool to enhance semen cryopreservation and to induce post-thaw acrosome reaction in jack spermatozoa.     

热应激对性成熟猪睾丸TGF-β3和Claudin-11蛋白表达的影响

旨在探讨猪舍温度37~40℃热应激条件下,转化生长因子β3(TGF-β3)和Claudin-11在猪睾丸的表达与定位。6头性成熟长白公猪分成2组,3头为热应激组,置于温度控制在37~40℃的猪舍环境,每天3h,连续7d,每天于热处理结束后将猪赶回20~27℃正常猪舍环境中;另3头为对照组,饲养于20~27℃正常猪舍环境中。7d后取睾丸组织,采用qRT-PCR、Western blotting及免疫组织化学对猪睾丸TGF-β3和Claudin-11的表达进行研究。qRT-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,TGF-β3在热应激组的mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.01),Claudin-11的mRNA相对表达量较对照组降低(P0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,热应激处理组TGF-β3的蛋白表达较对照组升高(P0.05),Claudin-11的蛋白表达较对照组下降(P0.05)。免疫组织化学结果显示,热应激组TGF-β3免疫反应强阳性物定位于各级生精细胞和支持细胞,免疫阳性着色深度和范围高于对照组,提示热应激导致TGF-β3的表达增高;热应激组Claudin-11表达与对照组相比明显下降,对照组Claudin-11在血睾屏障位置呈明显的带状表达,而热应激组Claudin-11的表达局限在支持细胞周围,失去明显的血睾屏障带状表达。热应激影响猪睾丸TGF-β3和Claudin-11的表达与定位,提示热应激可能通过调节TGF-β3和Claudin-11的表达来影响精子发生。     

Tissue Expression Profile and Differential Expression of LTβR Gene in Sutai Piglets of Different Ages

Dynamic changes of LTβR expression levels in 11 tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, muscle, thymus, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum) of Sutai piglets ranging from newborn to post-weaning days 8, 18, 30, and 35 were compared and analyzed by the Real-time PCR method, which aimed to provide theoretical basis for further investigate the relationship between LTβR gene and pathogenicity of E.coli F18.The results revealed that the LTβR expression levels were higher in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum, and showed obvious age-dependent expression differentiation.The LTβR expression levels in the lymph node, duodenum, and jejunum were extremely significant higher in 8 days old piglets than in the other age stages (P<0.01), and the expression levels were extremely significantly higher in the lungs of 8 days old piglets than in 35 days old piglets (P<0.01) and significantly higher than 30 days old piglets (P<0.05).In the liver tissue, the expression level was extremely significant higher in 35 days old piglets than in other age stages (P<0.01).In the stomach tissue, the expression level was significantly higher in 35 days old piglets than in 18 days old piglets (P<0.05).The results speculated that intestinal immune barrier of piglets formed rapidly around 8 days old and the higher LTβR expression could contribute to the resistance to E.coli F18.     

Accuracy of capillary blood 3-β-hydroxybutyrate determination for the detection and treatment of canine diabetic ketoacidosis

In human medicine, diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is usually based on measurement of capillary 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) with a hand held ketone sensor. This study was conducted to determine if measurement of capillary 3-HB could be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of canine DKA. Fifteen dogs with diabetic ketosis and 10 with DKA were evaluated. Paired measurements of 3-HB of capillary and venous blood samples were analysed by the electrochemical sensor and reference method. Use of capillary 3-HB measurement during DKA management was then evaluated through simultaneous measurements of capillary 3-HB, urinary AcAc and venous blood gas analysis. Good agreement between capillary and venous 3-HB measurement was detected by the electrochemical sensor and reference method. Monitoring treatment of DKA revealed a significant correlation between capillary 3-HB and acidosis markers, while no significant correlation was observed between AcAc and acidosis markers. A cut-off value of capillary blood 3-HB >3.8 mmol/L for diagnosis of DKA resulted in 70% and 92% sensitivity and specificity. The electrochemical sensor accurately measures 3-HB concentration in both capillary and venous blood samples, is accurate in diagnosing canine DKA, and appears to reflect the patient''s metabolic status during DKA treatment.     

产业透视11

正从2019年至今,在全国上下共同努力下,我国生猪生产处于持续恢复的良好势头,生猪产品价格也由峰值逐步回落。进入5月份以来,几方因素叠加,生猪价格接连下跌,猪粮比已跌破生猪养殖盈亏平衡点,养殖户大部分亏损,纷纷抛售又加剧了价格下挫,已有部分养殖户准备淘汰能繁母猪,急盼国家启动收储减少进口,行业存在焦虑不稳情绪。同时,个别省份又开始出现“限养”苗头。此时正值生猪产能即将恢复至常年水平的关键期,稳住信心、稳住生猪产能,防止来之不易的生产恢复向好局面发生逆     

用染色体原位杂交技术定位猪βHCG基因同类物于14q^11—q^16

本研究以点渍法和原位杂交技术为主要方法,以人类绒毛膜促性腺激素(Human Chorionic Go-nadotropin)β链的克隆基因为探针,开展猪的基因定位研究。证明猪的基因组中存在βHCG基因同类物,并将其定位于染色体14q~(11)-q~(16).本文还对一些相关问题进行了讨论。     

酶联免疫吸附分析法测定猪、鸡粪便中11种β2-受体激动剂残留

以市售β_2-受体激动剂酶联免疫检测试剂盒为基础,建立了可同时测定猪、鸡粪便中克仑特罗、溴布特罗、沙丁胺醇、特布他林、马布特罗、卡布特罗、马喷特罗、吡布特罗、西马特罗、西布特罗、克仑潘特11种β_2-受体激动剂的酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)分析法。该方法对猪、鸡粪便样品的检出限为5 ng/g,猪粪便样品的添加回收率为57.3%~247.4%,鸡粪便样品的添加回收率为89.3%~177.3%,猪粪便样品重复测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.3%~14.3%,鸡粪便样品重复测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.2%~23.5%。