季节对不同品种种公牛精液品质的影响

为探讨季节对不同品种种公牛精液品质的影响,实验采集了中国荷斯坦牛、西门达尔牛和日本和牛的种公牛精液周年生产数据,进行分析比较。结果表明:荷斯坦牛春、冬季原精活力达标率显著高于夏季(P0.05),冬季极显著高于夏季(P0.01);冬、秋季冻精活力达标率显著高于夏季(P0.05),秋季极显著高于春、夏(P0.01),春、冬季射精量显著高于秋季(P0.05),春季极显著高于秋季(P0.01);春、秋、冬季精液密度显著高于夏季(P0.05);西门达尔牛在春季原精活力达标率呈现最高,显著高于夏、秋季(P0.05);日本和牛冬季原精活力和冻精活力均最高,射精量四季之间无显著差异(P0.05),夏季精液密度显著高于春季(P0.05),极显著高于秋、冬季(P0.01)。春、冬季种公牛原精和冻精的达标率最佳;肉牛品种精液品质优于奶牛品种,肉牛品种中的西门达尔种公牛的精液品质优于和牛。     

季节变化对不同品种种公牛精液品质的影响

挑选洛阳市白马寺种公牛站的夏洛来、西门塔尔、利木赞、皮尔蒙特4个品种种公牛各5头,对其生产性能指标按春(3~5月)、夏(6~8月)、秋(9~11月)、冬(12~2月)4个季节连续5年的记录进行统计分析,探讨不同品种种公牛生产性能随季节变化的规律。结果表明:不同品种牛采精量随季节的变化不明显(P0.05),但品种之间有差异,西门塔尔采精量最高,皮埃蒙特最低;4个品种牛原精活力、冻后活力随季节的变化关系:夏季均极显著低于冬、秋、春季(P0.01),4个品种间比较,夏洛来牛受夏季影响最大,活力最低,利木赞受影响最小,活力最高;精液密度随季节的变化关系:夏季密度降低,春季密度最高,夏季密度与秋季密度差异显著(P0.05),与冬、春季差异极显著(P0.01);4个品种间比较,夏洛来牛的原精密度受季节变化的影响最大,利木赞的原精密度受季节变化的影响最小;精液冻后顶体完整率随季节的变化关系:夏季精子顶体完整率最低,春季最高,夏季精子顶体完整率与秋季差异显著(P0.05),与冬、春季节比较差异极显著(P0.01),4个品种间比较,夏洛来受季节影响最大,利木赞受影响最小。     

季节和品种对种公牛鲜精液品质的影响

研究按季节和品种对种公牛采精记录进行方差分析,分别比较了季节对夏洛来、西门塔尔、利木赞、红安格斯、荷斯坦种公牛和弗莱维赫6个品种鲜精液品质的影响以及相同季节下的6个品种精液品质间的差异。分析了在季节和品种的双重条件下,精液品质间的相关性。结果表明:(1)西门塔尔、夏洛来和荷斯坦种公牛的单次射精量随季节变化排序均依次是:夏季秋季春季冬季。(2)西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞和红安格斯的鲜精子密度随季节变化排序依次是:春季夏季冬季秋季,且这四个品种鲜精子密度在四季的排序均为:西门塔尔夏洛来利木赞红安格斯。(3)各品种种公牛四季鲜精子活力排序均依次是:冬季春季秋季夏季;各品种种公牛鲜精子活力在四季的排序均为:利木赞夏洛来弗莱维赫、西门塔尔荷斯坦红安格斯;各品种夏季鲜精子活力均极显著低于其它三个季节(P0.01)。(4)荷斯坦种公牛鲜精子活力夏季占春季活力比率最高为(0.54/0.59),利木赞次之(0.5/0.63),弗莱维赫第三(0.47/0.6),安格斯最低(0.34/0.49)。(5)红安格斯的单次射精量、精子密度和精子活力在相同季节下都低于其它5个品种。(6)在不同季节不同品种下,种公牛的射精量与鲜精子密度和鲜精子活力的相关系数分别是0.006和~0.019,鲜精子密度和鲜精子活力的相关系数是0.253。     

季节变化对不同品种种公牛精液品质的影响研究

 选择3~4.5岁的四个品种种公牛25头,观察季节变化对其次均采精量、平均密度、平均活力、精子畸形率、精液利用率及制冻数量的影响并进行比较。结果显示：在四季变化中,除次均采精量要显著低于国外引进品种外,鲁西牛种公牛精液的平均密度、平均活力、精子畸形率、精液利用率及次均制冻数量均表现出一定的优势。因此,鲁西牛作为地方品种受季节变化影响最小,繁殖性能更为稳定。     

注射口蹄疫疫苗对不同月龄弗莱维赫种公牛精液品质的影响

选择不同月龄的弗莱维赫采精种公牛30头,注射口蹄疫疫苗后,观察其对精液次均采集量、平均密度、平均活力、精液废弃率及制冻数量的影响程度并进行对比。结果显示,疫苗注射后,3个月龄的种公牛精液采集量变化与注射前相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);24、32月龄种公牛的精液密度变化也不显著(P＞0.05),仅42月龄种公牛精液密度出现极显著增加(P＜0.01);3个月龄的种公牛精液活力均有不同程度的变化(P＜0.01),但影响期不同,以32月龄种公牛影响期短;疫苗注射后,仅有32月龄种公牛精液废弃率及制冻数量无显著变化(P＞0.05),24、42月龄公牛精液废弃率明显增加(P＜0.01),其精液制冻数量则在注射后期变化明显(P＜0.05)。综上所述,口蹄疫疫苗注射对各月龄种公牛精液品质均有不同程度的影响,以青年公牛最为明显。     

注射口蹄疫疫苗对不同肉用品种种公牛精液品质的影响

选择3个品种的采精公牛20头,对其注射口蹄疫疫苗前后精液次均采集量、平均密度、平均活力、精液废弃率及制冻数量进行对比,分析该疫苗免疫对各品种种公牛精液品质的影响。结果表明:注射口蹄疫疫苗后3,个品种公牛的精液采集量没有显著变化(P>0.05);西门塔尔公牛的精液密度显著增加(P<0.05),而利木赞公牛精液密度仅在第3~4周时显著提高(P<0.05),其他时段差异不显著(P>0.05),鲁西牛的精液密度差异也不显著(P>0.05);3个品种公牛精液活力均在不同时段出现不同程度下降且差异显著(P<0.05),西门塔尔牛精液活力下降极显著(P<0.01),且影响时间最长,鲁西牛影响最小;西门塔尔牛精液废弃率与其活力相伴而行,影响最大且差异显著(P<0.05),利木赞牛与鲁西牛影响不显著(P>0.05);制冻数量鲁西牛在各时段差异不显著(P>0.05),而利木赞牛与西门塔尔牛分别在疫苗注射后的第3~4周与第9~10周显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质影响较大,种公牛站应合理安排免疫时间与精液生产之间关系,减少生产损失。     

不同品种、季节和月龄对公猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究不同品种、采精季节和采精月龄对法系公猪精液品质的影响,比较不同品种公猪精液的常温保存效果。【方法】选取278头法系杜洛克猪、长白猪和大白猪为试验对象,收集某种公猪站2021年17 960条精液记录数据,采用一般线性模型与方差分析探究品种、采精季节和采精月龄对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力及总精子数的影响;同时于夏季从各品种中分别选取15份精子活力≥90%、前向性运动≥80%精液,稀释后进行为期7 d的常温保存试验,比较不同品种公猪精液常温保存效果。【结果】长白猪精液体积、总精子数均显著高于杜洛克猪和大白猪(P<0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于长白猪和大白猪(P<0.05),精子活力显著低于长白猪和大白猪(P<0.05)。随着常温保存时间的延长,各品种公猪精液精子活力和前向性运动逐渐降低,其中长白猪精液在夏季常温保存效果最好,杜洛克猪最差。各品种公猪精液体积在秋、冬季均显著高于春、夏季(P<0.05),总精子数春、冬季均显著高于夏、秋季(P<0.05),精液密度在春季显著高于其他季节(P<0.05),各品种公猪精子活力均在冬季最高、夏季最...     

不同季节对种公牛精液品质的影响

种公牛优良的精液对牛群的遗传改良起着极其重要的作用,为了提高种公牛精液品质与冷冻精液的质量,通过对不同季节种公牛精液的原精活力、鲜精密度、射精量及冻后活力的变化进行总结分析,研究不同季节对种公牛精液的品质的影响。结果表明:春季种公牛鲜精活力、密度、冻后活力最佳;夏季鲜精活力与冻后活力最差;秋季射精量最高但密度最低,鲜精活力与冻后活力仅高于夏季;冬季射精量最低,但鲜精活力、密度及冻后活力仅次于春季。因此,充分利用适宜生产的季节,合理安排采精,可提高种公牛的鲜精品质,进而提高冻精产量,使优秀种公牛的遗传潜力得到最大的发挥。     

不同季节肉用种公牛精液品质与生理常值、血清及精清生化指标相关关系研究

以利木赞和夏洛来种公牛为试验牛，研究不同季节对其精液品质、冻精产量、生理常值、血清及精清生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）与其它季节相比，夏季肉用种公牛的原精活力、冻精活力、活精于百分数、顶体完整率均显著降低，而精于畸形率显著升高（P〈0．05）。精子密度以秋季最低。（2）冻精产量夏季处于最低水平，平均每月仅为7388支。（3）夏季肉用种公牛的血清LH、睾酮、T3、皮质醇的含量分别为48．12、4．15、1．11、4．89ng／L，显著低于春、秋、冬季（P〈0．01）。（4）夏季肉用种公牛血清钠、钾、钙、镁均处于最低水平，显著低于其它季节（P〈0．01）。（5）夏季肉用种公牛精清睾酮水平明显下降，显著低于春季、秋季和冬季。（6）精清钠、钾、钙夏季含量最低，分别为83．12mmol／L、18，77mmol／L和4．63mmol／L；精清镁含量由春季至秋季呈显著下降趋势；精清磷含量夏季最高，为4．65mmol／L，显著高于春季、秋季和冬季。（7）肉用种公牛精清ALP夏季含量为1784．3U／L，显著高于春、秋两季，但低于冬季。（8）精清睾酮与精液品质各指标存在显著相关；血清生化指标与精清生化指标存在显著相关；直肠温度、呼吸频率与精液品质及血清生化指标存在显著相关性，与精清生化指标相关性不大。     

季节变化对德州驴精液品质的影响

为探究季节变化对成年德州种公驴精液品质的影响,本研究对东阿国家黑毛驴繁育中心9头种公驴2016—2019年的采精状况进行统计分析,并按气温分为春季(3—5月)、夏季(6—8月)、秋季(9—11月)、冬季(12—次年2月)。结果表明:春、夏季公驴射精量最多,平均精液量均超过56 mL,显著高于秋、冬季节;秋季种公驴的原精密度最大,显著高于其他季节,与原精密度最低的春季相比,升高幅度超过25%;种公驴在秋季原精活力最高,达到0.88,且显著高于其他季节,而夏季的原精活力最低,仅为0.81,但与春、冬季无统计学差异;经过冷冻再解冻后,春、秋两季生产的冻精其冻后活力显著高于夏季和冬季,冬季生产的冻精其冻后活力最低,较春季降低约22%;种公驴精子冷冻复苏率在夏季时最低,显著低于其他季节,春季和秋季的复苏率相对较高,但二者并无显著差异。综上,季节变化对种公驴精液质量产生明显影响,春季和秋季是优质精液生产的最有利季节。     

The Effect of Season on Spermatozoa Motility,Plasma Membrane and Acrosome Integrity in Fresh and Frozen–Thawed Semen from Xinong Saanen Bucks

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the season of ejaculate collection influences seminal quality parameters of pre‐ and post‐freeze–thawing in Xinong Saanen bucks. Ejaculates were collected from eight bucks throughout the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in a 12 months’ time period, identified in the Northern Hemisphere. Semen samples were evaluated by the combinations of conventional and Computer‐Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) when fresh and after frozen–thawed, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that season of ejaculate collection influenced (p < 0.05) fresh semen quality. Highest semen quality was observed during autumn. On the contrary, undesirable indices (significantly lower, p < 0.05) were observed in winter as compared with the other remaining seasons. CASA has clearly shown the influences of seasonal variations on semen motility parameters. Furthermore, season of ejaculate collection was also found to influence sperm freezability. Semen characteristics after frozen–thawed followed a similar pattern with that of fresh ejaculate except in spring. The results revealed that sperm quality was higher (p < 0.01) in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. In conclusion, seasonal variation influences semen quality in Xinong Saanen bucks. In addition to summer and autumn, fresh ejaculates in spring can also be successfully used for AI. Sperm from ejaculates collected during summer and autumn are more suitable for cryopreservation. Hence, it is possible to increase the efficiency of goat breeding by manipulating the seasonal variations of semen quality for immediate AI and/or cryopreservation.     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P＜0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1~3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬季显著高于春、夏季(P＜0.05);从不同采精月龄对精液品质的影响来看,16~25月龄公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精间隔对精液品质的影响来看,4~5 d为最佳采精间隔,采精间隔过长会导致精子畸形率上升;从不同公猪总乳头数来看,乳头数13~16个时,各精液性状品质都处于中等水平,有利于公猪生产应用。3个品种各精液性状间稳定性趋势不一,杜洛克猪和大白猪精液体积和精子活力的稳定性均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度、精子畸形率和总精子数的稳定性均显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例的稳定性显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05)。各品种中,长白猪稳定性较差;各精液性状中,精子活力稳定性最好。【结论】品种、公猪出生胎次、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液品质,可根据不同品种公猪制定更完善的选择方案,提高精液质量,加速公猪遗传改良。     

不同因素对高产荷斯坦奶牛体内性控胚胎生产效率和质量的影响

[目的]试验旨在探讨不同种类的促卵泡素(FSH)超数排卵处理、不同精液类型人工输精处理以及不同季节等前处理方式对高产荷斯坦奶牛体内性控胚胎生产效率的影响,为高产胚胎牛后代的繁育做出贡献。[方法]试验选取208头优质供体牛使用加拿大(Folltropin-v)和比利时进口的促卵泡素(FSH)进行超排,性控冻精和性控鲜精进行人工输精,春(3—5月)、夏(6—8月)、秋(9—11月)、冬(12—2月)四季进行胚胎生产。[结果]结果表明,使用产地为加拿大(Folltropin-v)促卵泡素进行超数排卵头均可用胚胎数和I级胚胎数(包括桑葚胚I级、囊胚I级)均显著高于比利时(P<0.05);通过使用性控冻精和性控鲜精对供体牛进行人工输精头均可用胚胎数分别为和I级胚胎数差异均不显著(P>0.05);春、夏、秋、冬四季进行胚胎生产头均可用胚胎数和I级胚胎数夏季均显著低于其他三季(P<0.05)。[结论]因此,使用加拿大促卵泡素(Folltropin-v)超数排卵、性控冻精进行人工输精避免在夏季进行胚胎生产可获得质量较高的高产荷斯坦奶牛体内性控胚胎。     

The Effect of Season on Semen Characteristics and Freezability in Bos indicus and Bos taurus Bulls in the Southeastern Region of Brazil

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of season in southeast of Brazil comparing genotypes on semen characteristics, freezability and peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone. Ejaculates of five Bos indicus bulls and six Bos taurus bulls were evaluated over a period of 27 months, which was divided into winter (July, August, September), spring (October, November, December), summer (January, February, March) and autumn (April, May, June). Semen was evaluated according to standard procedures for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, gross-motility, progressive motility and sperm morphology. After preparing and freezing the ejaculates according to commercial procedures, the straws were stored in liquid N₂ until post-thaw evaluation. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, gross-motility, progressive sperm motility, vigor and morphological sperm defects were significantly influenced by season and genotype (p < 0.05). Heat tolerance was better in B. indicus bulls than in B. taurus bulls characterized by lower values of sperm abnormalities throughout the observation period. The highest values were recorded for abnormal heads followed by cytoplasmatic droplets in B. taurus bulls. The proportion of ejaculates which were eliminated before freezing for reasons of bad quality was lower in the B. indicus bulls. Temporal changes in peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations were higher in B. indicus bulls than in B. taurus bulls not revealing seasonal influences. The results of this study show clear genotype differences regarding semen quality. Freezability of B. taurus semen varies considerably throughout the year, leading to a high proportion of eliminated ejaculates. Collecting semen from B. taurus bulls during the summer in an artificial insemination centre may not be profitable.     

Reproductive function of Hungarian Mangalica boars: effect of seasons

Seasonal changes in testis volume, testosterone (T) productivity (GnRH test) and semen characteristics of Mangalica boars were studied. The biggest testis volume was measured in autumn and the smallest in winter. Significant differences were demonstrated between autumn-winter (P = 0.012) and autumn-spring (P = 0.015) in testis volume. The highest basic T concentration (Tb) was observed in autumn and the lowest in summer. The provoked T concentration (Tincr) was significantly higher in autumn than in spring (P = 0.0007). A strong correlation was observed between T concentrations and testis volume in spring. The highest ejaculate volume was measured in winter while the lowest in autumn. Significant differences were found in semen concentration as well as in the total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate between seasons. The highest number of abnormal sperm cells was observed in spring while the lowest in summer. It can be concluded that the ejaculate of the Mangalica breed tends to be of lower volume and higher sperm concentration as compared to most pig breeds. Seasonal differences could be observed in testicular measurements, testosterone production capacity and sperm morphological features; however, sperm motility remained constantly high during the study.     

青海海南州土-草-畜系统中钼、硒的季节变化研究

结果表明:土壤和牧草中钼浓度秋季最高;血清中钼浓度的季节间差异不显著(P＞0.05),秋季最高,夏季最低;被毛中钼浓度夏季极显著高于冬春季和秋季(P＜0.01);日摄入量夏季极显著高于秋季(P＜0.01),秋季极显著高于冬春季(P＜0.01).土壤和被毛中硒浓度在三季间差异不显著(P＞0.05);牧草硒夏季最高;绵羊血清硒冬春季显著低于秋季(P＜0.05);被毛中硒在季节间差异不显著(P＞0.05);硒的日摄入量夏季极显著高于秋季(P＜0.01),秋季极显著高于冬春季(P＜0.01).     

不同季节和气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响的研究

[目的]研究不同季节气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出5头,选取气温最高（7月份）最低（1月份）和适中温度（4,9月份）进行试验,分别对不同时期所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]在最高温度月份7月份（25℃）时5头种公牛的平均精液量为5.88mL,原精活率67.2%,精液密度16.64亿/mL,冻后活率33.8%,生产冻精数143.4剂,精子畸形率23%。1月份环境温度平均在-11.2℃时,5头种公牛的精液量平均为5.7mL,原精活率66.8%,精液密度13.3亿/mL,冻后活率37.4%,生产冻精数为275.8剂,精子畸形率17.8%。在4,9月份环境温度12℃时精液量为6.6mL,原精活率73.2%,精液密度16.92亿/mL,冻后活率41.8%,生产冻精数404.4剂,精子畸形率12.6%。精液量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,原精活率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,精子畸形率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。冻后活率和冻精生产数差异不显著。[结论]环境温度过高或者过低都会影响精液品质,种公牛在适宜的温度下生产的精液品质也会更加优良,种公牛在温度较高的条件下生产精液品质比在低温条件下还要差,种公牛最适宜的生产温度为12℃～16℃。     

Exploratory analysis of differences in sperm morphology in Nelore and Gir (Bos indicus) bulls

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed and season on semen quality parameters of zebu bulls. Data (1,632 registers) of semen production from Gir (n?=?4) and Nelore (n?=?15) bulls were collected between October 2005 and November 2009. The ejaculates were collected twice a week during various seasons (summer, fall, winter, and spring) and evaluated for the following semen parameters: ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, forward progressive motility (FPM), and sperm morphology. Factor analysis was used to determine the relationship among variables. The effect of breed (Gir and Nelore) and season and their cross effect on each parameter and extracted factor were tested using ANOVA. A negative correlation (P?<?0.05) was observed between FPM and proximal droplet, as well as with abnormal loose head, abnormal small head, pouch formation, abnormal mid-peace, and strongly folded tail. Gir bull sperm showed more major defects, detached acrosome, and minor FPM (P?<?0.01), whereas Nelore bulls showed a higher number of sperm with normally loose head.