奇异变形杆菌分离株23S rRNA序列分析

通过PCR反应扩增7株鸡奇异变形杆菌和1株兔奇异变形杆菌的23SrRNA基因片段(1045bp),经克隆测序,用DNA Star分析软件将所获得的序列与GenBank中收录的奇异变形杆菌、普通变形杆菌以及其他相近属的23S rRNA基因序列进行同源性比较,并由此构建奇异变形杆菌系统进化发生树。结果表示,本实验室保存的7株鸡奇异变形杆菌核苷酸序列与GenBank中收录的奇异变形杆菌核苷酸序列同源性为99.4%～99.8%,与兔奇异变形杆菌核苷酸序列同源性为98.8%～99.3%,与普通变形杆菌的核苷酸序列同源性为95.4%～96.2%,而与其他相近属同源性只有92.9%～93.4%。结果表明,23S rRNA基因序列分析可以作为鉴定奇异变形杆菌的一种快速、简便的方法。     

湖南省牛无浆体虫株分子生物学鉴定

用原虫16 S rRNA基因序列通用引物对湖南5个地区牛无浆体感染的阳性血液样品进行PCR扩增,经测序和序列拼接,获得5个无浆体样品16 S rRNA基因的部分序列,应用分子生物学软件进行分析,并根据所获得序列的保守区间设计特异性引物,进行PCR诊断方法的探讨性研究.结果表明,在通用引物下,5个地区无浆体感染的阳性血液样品均获得1 425 bp大小的虫体16 S rRNA基因条带;测序后5个无浆体16 S rRNA序列同源性均在97%～98%.证明5个分离虫株初步鉴定为牛边缘无浆体.     

山羊奇异变形杆菌分离鉴定及其16S-23S rRNA ISR序列RFLP分析

2012年初,山东菏泽某羊场的羊群发病,从发病羊器官分离到2株病原细菌。对病原细菌进行鉴定,并对其与已知同种异源菌株相似性差异进行分析。从患病山羊内脏器官分离细菌,经形态特征、培养特性、生化试验、血清学试验及致病性试验进行鉴定;再通过设计通用引物扩增16S-23SrRNA ISR(intergenic spacer region)序列,将PCR产物经HinfⅠ单酶切获得3条可视条带,同时对扩增条带中的主带测序并进行系统发育分析。结果表明,分离菌株为奇异变形杆菌;分离菌株同本实验室保存的兔源与鸡源奇异变形杆菌PCR-RFLP结果一致;分离菌株PCR产物同GenBank收录的HI4320株奇异变形杆菌及本实验室保存的兔源与鸡源奇异变形杆菌进行序列比较,分离羊源菌株与兔源菌株相似性为94.8%、与鸡源菌株相似性为96.0%～98.2%,与人源HI4320株相似性为96.9%。研究证实发病羊致病病原为奇异变形杆菌,其与鸡源、兔源和人源奇异变形杆菌的亲缘关系较近。     

禽源大肠埃希菌Biolog鉴定和系统发育分析

采用Biolog和16S rRNA基因序列分析法对中国兽医药品监察所菌种室收集保藏的18株大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)进行了鉴定.菌株经纯化培养,用Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行了鉴定,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.提取基因组DNA,采用16S rRNA通用引物,用PCR进行16S rRNA基因序列扩增,扩增产物纯化后进行测序.序列经人工校对后用Clustal X 1.83软件进行比对分析,采用Mega 3.1软件构建系统发育树,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.     

青海省门源县青贮燕麦草中部分菌种的分离与鉴定

本试验利用Blue Light Broth "Nissui"和MRS培养基对门源县饲喂羊的青贮饲料中的菌种进行了分离分纯和16S rRNA序列通用引物PCR扩增和测序鉴定,分离分纯得到12株菌,其中8株为地衣芽孢杆菌,1株为单纯芽孢杆菌,2株为干酪乳杆菌,1株为副乳杆菌。     

广州桑树植原体分子检测及多样性初探

采用植原体16S-23S rDNA区段的通用引物对P1/P7和巢式引物对Rm16F2/Rm16R1,建立了快速准确的桑树植原体巢式PCR检测技术。对广州的两个桑树品种资源圃中的部分桑树品种进行了植原体分子检测,结果在两个资源圃中均发现有植原体存在。对巢式PCR的扩增产物(16S rDNA片段)进行了限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)分析,显示出3种RFLP带型,暗示桑树植原体存在多样性。对所得植原体16S rDNA片段进行序列测定,并与其它植物植原体作亲缘关系分析,结果表明该植原体的16S rDNA序列与其它植物病原植原体之间的同源性为83.3%~99.9%,并初步判断所检测到的桑树植原体属于16S rI组。     

16S rRNA、23S rRNA及16S～23S rRNA基因在细菌分离与鉴定中的应用

在细菌的进化过程中,rRNA结构既具保守性又具高变性.保守性反映生物物种的亲缘关系,高变性则揭示生物物种的特征核酸序列,rRNA是属种鉴定的分子基础.因此,可以利用保守区设计通用引物扩增细菌的相应靶序列,再利用可变区的差异鉴别菌种,文章就16S rRNA、 23s rRNA和16S～23S rRNA基因在细菌分离与鉴定中的应用做以下综述.     

18S rRNA基因巢式PCR-RFLP鉴定吉林、大庆地区断奶前奶牛隐孢子虫分离株

利用18S rRNA巢式聚合酶链反应(Nested PCR)-限制片段长度多态性(Restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)鉴定吉林、大庆地区牛源隐孢子虫分离株.采取吉林、大庆地区断奶前犊牛粪便,提取DNA后经18S rRNA基因巢式PCR扩增,扩增产物测序后用Blast和MEGA4.0软件进行同源性和系统发育树分析.同时扩增产物分别用Ssp Ⅰ、Vsp Ⅰ和Mbo Ⅱ酶切后进行RFLP分析.通过18S rRNA基因PCR-RFLP分析和测序比对分析表明,吉林分离株包括2种隐孢子虫,分别为C.bovis和C.ryanae,大庆分离株包括3种,分别为C.boris、C.ryanae和C.andersoni.     

由禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌共感染为主所致鸡胚发病死亡的生物学鉴定

2010年,辽宁铁岭某种鸡孵化场出现孵化率低、死淘率高的现象。通过对送检病死鸡胚进行病原检测,最终检测出5株革兰阴性杆菌和3种病毒,其中禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的检出率分别为76．44％、61.36％,两者混合感染率达51．83％,而其他病原菌（大肠杆菌、沙门菌、绿脓杆菌）和病毒（AI,V、REV、CIAV）的检出率均较低。采用1对根据病原菌23SrRNA基因的共同保守序列设计的引物,以及根据临床常见致病菌16s～23SrRNA基因间隔序列（ISR）两端的16S及23SrRNA保守序列而设计的通用引物分别对分离菌进行PCR扩增。并分别测定所得片段的DNA序列。结果显示,所得DNA片段分别与GenBank中收录的登录号为HM545299的禽波氏杆菌和登录号为AY993943的奇异变形杆菌的相应核苷酸序列同源性达99．5％和98．7％。本研究最终确定禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的混合感染是引起该场疫情发生的主要原因。     

水貂源肺炎雷伯菌的分离鉴定及致病性测定

[目的]为鉴定引发某养殖场水貂死亡的主要致病菌。[方法]从送检病貂获取的两株优势菌进行形态学和培养特征观察、生化试验、细菌16S-23S rRNA ISR基因的PCR鉴定、药物敏感试验、致病性试验。[结果]16S-23S rRNA ISR基因的PCR序列分析显示两分离株与已知的Kpn相应序列的同源性为99.9%。药物敏感试验表明分离菌株对阿米卡星、头孢曲松、头孢他啶高度敏感。致病性试验表明两菌株对小鼠均有较强的致病性,半数致死量分别为4.9×106cfu/mL、3.1×106cfu/mL。[结论]确诊分离到的两株优势菌是肺炎克雷伯菌,且该菌是导致水貂死亡的主要致病菌。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

Estimations of repeatability and heritability of egg albumen antimicrobial activity and of lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations

1. The repeatability and heritability of growth inhibition by egg albumen of two major pathogenic bacteria, a Gram-negative (Salmonella Enteritidis) and a Gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus) and of two antimicrobial albumen proteins, lysozyme and ovotransferrin, were estimated in commercial pedigree hens. 2. Repeatability was evaluated in 100 egg-type hens at the beginning, middle and end of the laying cycle on eggs collected for 3 weeks. Heritabilities were estimated at 36 to 40 weeks of age on 400 pedigree hens (2 eggs/hen), which were the offspring of 25 sires each mated with 4 dams. Ovotransferrin and lysozyme were quantified by ELISA. Salmonella Enteritidis (S.E.) and Staphyloccocus aureus (S.A.) were inoculated into a sample of sterilised albumen and enumerated after incubation. 3. Total protein content in albumen decreased with age of laying hens, whereas there were increases in lysozyme or ovotransferrin concentrations and in the bacteriostatic effect of albumen. 4. Repeatability for bacterial growth in albumen ranged from 0.29 to 0.39 for the number of S.E. (log cfu/ml) one day post inoculation (p.i.) but was lower and more variable at 5 d p.i. or for S.A. number. It ranged from 0.27 to 0.38 for S.E. and S.A. number at the mid period of the laying cycle. Repeatabilities were low and variable for total egg albumen protein or lysozyme and ovotranferrin concentrations (0 to 0.22). 5. Negative phenotypic correlations were observed between lysozyme concentrations and S.E. number but that between lysozyme and S.A. number was not significant. 6. Heritabilities were low (0.01 to 0.09) for protein traits. They were 0.11 for S.A. number and 0.16 for S.E. number one day p.i. 7. It appears to be more efficient to select on global bacterial growth than on specific antimicrobial proteins. The most promising trait is the number of S.E. one day p.i.     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.