10种中药成分对鸡胚成纤维细胞生长的影响

将鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)分别与当归多糖(CAPS)、黄芪多糖(APS)、板蓝根多糖(IRPS)、淫羊藿多糖(EPS)、蜂胶多糖(PPS)、淫羊藿黄酮(EF)、蜂胶黄酮(PF)、黄芪黄酮(AF)、黄芪皂甙(AS)和人参皂甙(GS)等10种中药成分一起加入到96孔细胞培养板中培养，分别在培养24、36、48、60、72h时用MTT法测定中药成分对CEF增殖的影响。结果表明，所有中药成分均能显著促进CEF增殖，并有一定的量效和时效关系。     

中药成分对传染性法氏囊病毒感染细胞的影响

将黄芪多糖、当归多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿多糖、板蓝根多糖、黄芪黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、淫羊藿黄酮、黄芪皂甙、人参皂甙等 1 0种中药成分与鸡传染性法氏囊病毒 (IBDV)以 3种顺序加入到培养 2 4h的鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF)中。即先加中药后接种病毒、先接种病毒后加中药、中药和病毒同时加入 ,观察细胞病变的程度 ,以评价它们对IBDV感染细胞的影响。结果表明 ,先加中药后接种病毒和中药与病毒同时加入时 ,多数中药成分处理组在病毒接种后 72h的细胞病变程度明显减轻 ,表明多数中药能抑制病毒感染细胞 ,且有一定的量效和时效关系。     

9种中药成分对新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗免疫雏鸡血清中血凝抑制抗体水平的影响

用新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗免疫雏鸡，在免疫前、后分别注射高、低剂量的当归多糖、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪皂甙和人参皂甙等9种中药成分，用β-微量法监测血清中血凝抑制抗体效价的动态变化。结果表明，9种中药成分均能不同程度地提高抗体效价，且与给药时间、剂量和免疫接种次数有一定关系。     

10种中药成分对CEF的增殖和抵抗NDV感染的影响

分别将5种浓度的黄芪多糖(APS)、当归多糖(CAPS)、淫羊藿多糖(EPS)、板蓝根多糖(IRPS)、蜂胶多糖(PPS)、黄芪黄酮(AF)、淫羊藿黄酮(EF)、蜂胶黄酮(PF)、黄芪皂甙(AS)和人参皂甙(GS)10种中药成分加入到培养24h的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中，再培养12h后接种新城疫病毒(NDV)，于病毒接种后72h用中性红染料吸收法测定CEF活性以评价各中药成分对细胞增殖及其抵抗病毒感染的影响。结果表明，10种中药成分均能不同程度地促进细胞增殖和抵抗病毒感染，前者以AF、APS、IRPS、PF、和GS的作用较强，后者以GS和IRPS的作用较强，部分中药成分在两方面作用中各有所长，且有一定的量效关系。     

几种中药成分的免疫增强活性及其作用效果

测定了黄芪多糖等9种中药成分对正常小鼠脾和外周血淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响，并观察了这些中药成分对兔瘟组织灭活疫苗的增强免疫效果。结果表明，人参皂甙、黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、当归多糖和蜂胶黄酮能显著增强伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖，提高免疫兔抗体水平和延长抗体持续时间；板蓝根多糖能增强ConA和LPS的诱导活性，蜂胶多糖能促进ConA的诱导活性，黄芪皂甙和淫羊藿黄酮能促进LPS诱导的淋巴细胞增殖，但它们都不能提高兔瘟组织灭活疫苗的免疫抗体水平。     

中药成分对培养细胞的生长和抵抗病毒感染的影响

将 5种浓度的含当归多糖 (CAPS)、黄芪多糖 (APS)、板蓝根多糖 (IRPS)、淫羊藿多糖 (EPS)、蜂胶多糖 (PPS)、淫羊藿黄酮 (EF)、蜂胶黄酮 (PF)、黄芪黄酮 (AF)、黄芪皂甙 (AS)和人参皂甙 (GS) 1 0种中药成分分别加入到已培养 48h、 1 2h前接种新城疫病毒的鸡胚成纤维(CEF)细胞单层中 ,于病毒接种后 72h用中性红染料吸收法测定CEF细胞的活性 ,以评价各中药成分对培养细胞的生长和抗病毒感染的影响。结果表明 ,EF、PPS和PF显著促进细胞生长 ,CAPS、IRPS和GS显著抑制细胞生长 ,EF、GS、PPS、AF、PF、APS和EPS 7种中药成分显著抑制病毒感染 ;部分中药成分的作用各有所长 ,且有一定的量效关系。     

中药成分对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

38 0只雏鸡随机分为 19组 ,于 11日龄试验组分别肌肉注射高、低剂量的当归多糖、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪皂甙和人参皂甙等 9种中药成分 ,对照组注射同量生理盐水 ,每天 1次 ,连续 3d,于 14日龄用新城疫 系弱毒疫苗首免 ,2 8日龄二免。分别于 35、4 2、4 9和 5 6日龄心脏采血 ,监测 T淋巴细胞转化的动态变化。结果表明 ,所有中药成分均能显著促进 T淋巴细胞转化 ,并有一定的量效和时效关系     

MTT法测定自制多糖注射剂对鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的最适浓度

为探讨自制多糖注射剂（板蓝根、黄芪、淫羊藿的混合多糖注射剂）促进鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的最适浓度,用MTT法分别检测加入不同浓度的混提多糖注射剂的鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡脾淋巴细胞的OD值。结果表明,自制多糖注射剂促进鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的最适浓度分别是25μg／ml、50μg／ml。     

九种中药成分对体外培养小鼠淋巴细胞功能的影响

为进一步探索黄芪多糖等9种中药成分免疫增强活性的作用机理并比较各成分之间免疫增强活性的强弱，在体内试验的基础上，用脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定了它们对体外培养的小鼠淋巴细胞功能的影响。结果表明，人参皂甙、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、淫羊藿多糖都能显著地直接或协同ConA刺激脾和外周血淋巴细胞增殖，也能显著增加LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性和显著升高体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生的IgG水平；当归多糖能协同ConA和LPS的诱导活性，提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养系统的IgG水平；黄芪皂甙能直接和协同LPS刺激淋巴细胞增殖，板蓝根多糖则仅能促进LPS的诱导活性，蜂胶多糖的作用则均不明显。     

中药成分对培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响

为筛选增强免疫作用较好的中药成分和研制新型复方中药成分免疫增强剂,比较了4种浓度的当归多糖(CAPS)、黄芪多糖(APS)、板蓝根多糖(IRPS)、淫羊藿多糖(EPS)、蜂胶多糖(PPS)、淫羊藿黄酮(EF)、蜂胶     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.