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1.
库布齐沙地不同沙丘类型植物多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择库布齐沙漠东缘三种沙丘类型(固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、流动沙丘)为研究对象,采用样线与样方结合法定位监测调查10年来沙化草地植被多样性的动态变化、生物量变化,结合气候数据,探讨多样性与生产力、生态系统的关系,为库布齐沙漠的退化草地恢复与重建提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)三种类型沙丘的地上总生物量随年限的增加而增长,半固定沙丘中灌木比重升高而草本比重降低。(2)物种丰富度呈递增趋势,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielous均匀度指数在每种类型沙丘上变化趋势一致,在固定沙丘和半固定沙丘几乎保持不变,而在流动沙丘上递增。(3)相关性分析,固定、流动沙丘中,物种多样性与生物量呈正相关(P0.05),在半固定沙丘中物种丰富度与生物量呈显著性正相关(P0.05),地上生物量与年降水量呈正相关关系。  相似文献   

2.
科尔沁沙地不同恢复年限退化植被的物种多样性   总被引:14,自引:10,他引:4  
 研究了科尔沁沙地封育0年的流动沙丘、封育11年的沙丘(流动、半流动和半固定沙丘)和封育20年的沙丘(流动、半流动、半固定和固定沙丘)的群落组成及其物种多样性变化。结果表明,随着沙丘的固定和封育年限的增加,植被丰富度、盖度和物种多样性逐渐增加,优势度逐渐减小。沙地退化植被恢复演替模式为:先锋植物沙蓬为主的一年生植物群落(流动沙丘阶段)→灌木差巴嘎蒿和一、二年生草本植物为主的群落(半流动和半固定沙丘阶段)→一、二年生草本和多年生草本为主的杂草群落(固定沙丘阶段)。在沙地退化植被恢复过程中,群落物种组成结构存在递进性和渐变性;禾本科植物和多年生草本逐渐增加,植物群落结构趋于复杂、草本质量明显改善。  相似文献   

3.
浑善达克沙地不同沙丘类型土壤种子库时空动态   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
窦红霞  王明玖 《草业科学》2008,25(3):116-118
以浑善达克沙地为研究对象,分析了自然状态下不同沙丘类型土壤种子库的时空变化规律.结果表明,在整个生长季节,土壤中保留一定数量有活力的种子.随着生长季的结束,土壤种子库中的种子量明显增加.土壤种子库的水平分布呈现斑块的特点;不同沙丘类型土壤种子库的垂直分布呈现不同的规律.  相似文献   

4.
采用野外定点取样与室内培养相结合的方法,研究了呼伦贝尔4种退化沙地土壤种子库密度多样性。结果表明:土壤种子库密度随草地沙化程度的加重而下降,且不同沙化阶段其下降率各异,从固定沙地到半固定、半流动、流动沙地,土壤种子库密度分别下降75.7%、83.4%和84.2%。种子库物种数的变异从固定沙地到半流动沙地变化较小,而到流动沙地变化较大,主要为一二年生植物(50%),多年生草本和灌木比例相对较少。土壤种子库物种多样性指数变化与密度变化不一致,其中半固定沙地最大,流动沙地最小。种子库群落相似性指数变化幅度在0.6087~0.9355之间,说明其空间异质性较小。  相似文献   

5.
不同类型的沙丘对油蒿解剖构造的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本试验采用石蜡切片法,对油蒿在3种不同类型的沙丘即流动沙丘(Shifting sand dunes)、半固定沙丘(Sernjfixed sand dunes)、固定沙丘(fixed sand dtumes)上的营养器官进行了解剖构造观察,得知了以下结果;根和茎的内分泌腔、皮层细胞层数、维管柬数、导管直径、导管壁厚度等指标都有差异,但规律都一样即流动沙丘〉半固定沙丘〉固定沙丘。叶角质层、栅栏组织层数、内分泌腔数、导管直径、叶脉数、导管壁厚度在3种不同类型的沙丘上都不同,但都遵循同一规律即半固定沙丘〉流动沙丘〉固定沙丘。  相似文献   

6.
不同类型白刺沙丘土壤理化性状与微生物相关性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带不同类型白刺沙丘的土壤微生物、土壤理化性状及二者之间的相关性进行研究,旨在探讨白刺沙丘的成土过程,为绿洲生态建设提供基础数据,结果表明,1)固定、半固定和流动沙丘粘粒、粉粒、细砂粒、粗砂粒含量差异较大;土壤养分含量与土壤粘粒、粉粒、细砂粒等细沙物质含量呈正相关性,与粗砂粒含量呈负相关性,表现为土壤养分含量随土壤颗粒的增大,相关性减弱。2)土壤微生物类群数量在半固定沙丘明显高于固定沙丘和流动沙丘。3)过渡带土壤均处于偏碱性状态,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效钾、速效磷和CaCO3含量随沙丘发育年代的增加逐渐增加。4)不同年代沙丘中土壤微生物和土壤理化因子均具较好的相关性,尤其是细菌和放线菌与p H值呈显著的负相关关系,土壤有机质含量与三大菌群数量都表现出显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

7.
黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤种子库特征与季节动态   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
 采用野外样线取样与室内萌发相结合的方法研究了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕地种子库的组成、密度、分布特征、季节动态、种子库类型。结果表明,土壤种子库中共发现50种植物的种子,隶属15个科,39个属,主要物种组成与密度季节间差异不显著;在演替过程中土壤种子库的物种数量与密度随退耕年限的增加表现出:增加- 减少-增加的趋势,同时阳坡种子库密度波动较阴坡剧烈;土壤种子库密度年内变化范围为1067~14717粒/m,土壤种子库平均密度是夏季>秋季>春季;研究区域退耕地土壤种子库类型属于以猪毛蒿为优势种,并具有其他一年生、多年生草本植物与灌丛种子的没有显著的季节动态的持久种子库,是物种适应黄土丘陵沟壑区特有生态环境条件的繁殖更新策略;从土壤种子库的物种组成、密度、类型来看,黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地具有一定的自然恢复潜力。  相似文献   

8.
科尔沁沙地草场物种多样性特征及其与生境的关系   总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3  
通过对科尔沁沙地不同固定程度的沙丘及其各部位的野外植被和生境的样地调查以及室内实验室分析,应用生物统计学的方法研究了沙地植被在时间和空间尺度上的变化特征及其与生境的关系.研究结果表明:1)该沙地植被的物种多样性在不同固定程度类型的沙丘和各部位之间,从总体来讲,存在明显差异,随着沙地固定程度的增加,沙地表面的细颗粒含量和有机质含量增大,植物种多样性在增大.沙地植物种多样性指数与地表<0.1 mm颗粒百分含量成正相关,与沙质地表有机质含量基本服从线性函数y=0.163 6x 1.230 9或三次函数y=-0.058 1x3 0.478 1x2-0.859 1x 1.806 5.不同固定类型植被间存在显著差异,流动沙丘和半固定沙丘的各个部位植物种多样性存在显著或极显著差异.但固定沙丘的各部位之间,植物种多样性差异不显著;2)沙地植被在较小尺度上的空间异质性随着沙丘固定程度的逐渐增加,空间异质性程度逐渐减小.沙地植被空间异质性程度与地表<0.1 mm颗粒百分含量呈负相关,基本服从指数函数y=0.229 7e-0.046 1x,与沙质地表有机质含量基本服从乘幂关系y=0.195 5x-0.721 1;3)对同一固定程度类型的沙丘迎风坡而言,坡中部的植被空间异质性一般都小于其下部和上部,其原因是否是迎风坡各部位的坡度、风蚀风积强度的变化所致或者是坡面气流场特性对植物繁殖体传播的影响所致,还有待于今后进一步研究.  相似文献   

9.
为明确北方蚁影响下蚁巢及其周围土壤种子库变化特征,以山地草甸中广泛分布的北方蚁为研究对象,探究距蚁巢不同距离、不同深度下土壤种子库的特征,以及土壤环境对种子库物种分布的影响.结果表明:蚁巢中心及周围土壤种子库中共出现28个物种,隶属12科28属,其中禾本科植物居多,蚁巢中心0~10 cm、10~20 cm深度下,土壤中平车前、北疆剪股颖、无芒雀麦、鸭茅、草地早熟禾萌发数量均显著高于其他样点(P<0.05);土壤种子库物种生活型组成以多年生草本植物为主,蚁巢中心0~10 cm、10~20 cm深度下多年生草本植物数量均显著高于其他样点(P<0.05);蚁巢中心0~10 cm、10~20 cm深度土壤种子库种子数量和物种数均显著高于蚁巢周围区域(P<0.05).相同距离下,0~10 cm深度土壤种子库种子数量及物种数均高于10~20 cm深度;蚁巢大小与蚁巢中心土壤种子库种子数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);随着距离的增加,同深度下土壤种子库丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数大致呈现出"V"字型变化趋势,并在距蚁巢100 cm处物种多样性指数降至最低;RDA分析表明,土壤速效磷是影响该区土壤种子库分布的主要因子.北方蚁能对周围环境中的种子进行收集与搬运,增加了蚁巢内种子的数量,影响了周围环境中土壤种子库的空间分布,在小尺度范围内进行了种子再分配,改变了土壤种子库内的物种分布.  相似文献   

10.
研究了科尔沁沙地沙丘固定过程中的流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和固定沙丘以及草地4种生境类型的植物地上生物量及其碳、氮含量与储量特征。结果表明,沙地生境变化对植物叶干重、枝干重、总生物量及其碳、氮含量与储量均有显著影响(P <0.01);固定沙丘的叶干重、枝干重、总生物量及其碳氮储量均大于流动沙丘与半固定沙丘,草地的叶干重、枝干重、总生物量、枝和总的碳储量、枝的氮储量均小于固定沙丘而大于流动沙丘;半固定沙丘叶、枝及总碳含量与枝的碳储量大于流动沙丘,而叶、枝及总氮含量小于流动沙丘。一年生植物分别占流动沙丘、固定沙丘和草地总生物量的63.99%,79.28%,70.86%;灌木占半固定沙丘总生物量的73.15%;C3植物生物量分别占流动、半固定、固定沙丘和草地总生物量的39.99%,90.87%,96.01%和82.67%。固定沙丘上的一年生植物和 C3植物的生物量、碳氮储量在4个生境中最高;半固定、固定沙丘和草地中 C3植物碳含量及其储量、氮储量均高于 C4植物。沙丘固定过程中生物量及其碳氮储量逐渐增加,固定沙丘植被具有较大的碳氮固存潜力,一年生植物、C3植物对其碳氮的固存具有重要的贡献作用;沙丘固定过程中 C3植物对 C4植物生物量的下降具补偿作用。  相似文献   

11.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

12.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

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Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

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